{ "personId": "dirac", "uid": "SL-0021", "name": "保罗·狄拉克", "version": "V2研究贡献账", "updatedAt": "2026-09-15", "formula": { "q": "Q = 10^(M/2) − 1", "light": "Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ", "total": "L = Σ Lᵢ", "score": "S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L)" }, "scopeNote": "本轮当前已列10项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。", "exclusions": [ { "id": "DIRAC-NET-LIFETIME", "title": "完整生涯的净影响", "reason": "现有材料针对具体理论与教学交付，未建立涵盖其全部生涯后果的正负影响账本。" } ], "items": [ { "id": "OUT-SL0021-1928-1933-RELATIVISTIC-ELECTRON-ANTIPARTICLE-PREDICTION", "title": "相对论电子方程及其正电子预言与独立确认", "year": "1928", "summary": "提出相对论性电子方程，并由其理论要求导出同质量、反号电荷粒子的预言。C. D. 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Anderson（正电子实验发现）", "actorId": "EXT-NAME:CARL-D-ANDERSON", "type": "CONFIRMATION", "share": "0.08" }, { "actor": "Patrick Blackett 与 Giuseppe Occhialini（实验确认）", "actorId": "DIRAC-ELECTRON::BLACKETT-OCCHIALINI-CONFIRMATION", "type": "CONFIRMATION_TEAM", "share": "0.07" }, { "actor": "未分配的背景贡献", "actorId": "DIRAC-ELECTRON::UNKNOWN", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.05" } ], "share": "0.60", "exactLight": "1506.531858905748066651019240679596436495110860469485257207933052544945948634136785072310605326678175", "light": "1506.531859", "standaloneScore": "6.36", "lightSharePercent": "33.5894" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0021-1926-1927-TRANSFORMATION-THEORY-QUANTUM-DYNAMICS", "title": "量子变换理论与量子动力学的形式化", "year": "1926", "summary": "在矩阵力学和波动力学已出现的背景中发展变换理论与较一般的量子动力学形式语言，为任意动力系统给出量子化规则。", "mReason": "M6.3反映一个可用于任意动力系统量子化并统一既有量子表述的基础方法，略高于Maxwell输运M6和有界计算架构M5；低于更广的物理理论统一M7。辐射理论只消费这一形式基础，不能再次用其完整通用性抬高M。", "aReason": "Dirac以一般变换形式和量子动力学组织获0.65；Heisenberg、Schrödinger、Born、Jordan等矩阵与波动力学前史0.25；哥本哈根和剑桥研究环境0.05；未知0.05。", "sources": [ { "label": "皇家学会：1926年量子力学原作", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1926.0133" }, { "label": "量子变换理论研究", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00407-022-00293-8" } ], "missing": "1926/1927原文未逐页核读。；具体命题与矩阵、波动力学前史的分界仍可校准。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "把1926–1927年变换理论与量子动力学形式语言合为一个方法族，限于在矩阵力学、波动力学等既有框架之间给出较一般的量子化、态与动力学变换规则。排除1927辐射理论、1928相对论电子方程，以及Heisenberg不确定性关系等后继独立成果。", "M": "6.3", "budget": [ { "actor": "保罗·狄拉克", "actorId": "SL-0021", "type": "SUBJECT", "share": "0.65" }, { "actor": "Heisenberg、Schrödinger、Born、Jordan 的量子力学基础", "actorId": "DIRAC-TRANSFORMATION::HEISENBERG-SCHRODINGER-BORN-JORDAN-FOUNDATIONS", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.25" }, { "actor": "哥本哈根—剑桥研究环境", "actorId": "DIRAC-TRANSFORMATION::COPENHAGEN-CAMBRIDGE-RESEARCH-ENVIRONMENT", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.05" }, { "actor": "未分配的背景贡献", "actorId": 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"https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.50.899" }, { "label": "审查引用来源", "url": "https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1134452" }, { "label": "审查引用来源", "url": "https://science.osti.gov/fermi" } ], "missing": "需原论文逐式比较Fermi与Dirac独立形式差异。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "1926应用排斥原理建立半整数自旋粒子的量子统计，Fermi与Dirac独立路线合为共同终态；不把所有凝聚态和天体应用回灌。", "M": "6.8", "budget": [ { "actor": "恩里科·费米", "actorId": "SL-0128", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.43" }, { "actor": "保罗·狄拉克", "actorId": "SL-0021", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.29" }, { "actor": "沃尔夫冈·泡利", "actorId": "SL-0815", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.1" }, { "actor": "BOSE EINSTEIN BOLTZMANN AND QUANTUM STATISTICS PREHISTORY（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "ENRICO-FERMI::BOSE-EINSTEIN-BOLTZMANN-AND-QUANTUM-STATISTICS-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.1" }, { "actor": "LINCEI AND EUROPEAN PHYSICS INSTITUTIONS（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "ENRICO-FERMI::LINCEI-AND-EUROPEAN-PHYSICS-INSTITUTIONS", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.03" }, { "actor": "UNRESOLVED FERMI DIRAC STATISTICS ATTRIBUTION（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "ENRICO-FERMI::UNRESOLVED-FERMI-DIRAC-STATISTICS-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.05" } ], "share": "0.29", "exactLight": "728.1570651377782322146592996618049443059702492269178743171676420633905418398327794516167925745611181", "light": "728.157065", "standaloneScore": "5.73", "lightSharePercent": "16.2349" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0021-1927-QUANTUM-RADIATION-EMISSION-ABSORPTION", "title": "辐射的量子理论与早期量子场语言", "year": "1927", "summary": "发表辐射发射与吸收的量子理论，为早期量子场工具与语言提供一支明确的原作贡献；本项不把整个量子电动力学归为个人发明。", "mReason": "M5.7略低于Maxwell输运M6：该论文为量子辐射和场语言提供关键方法，但现有证据不足以把整个QED奠基归入。它高于ACE M5的专门架构，因为方法进入一个持续扩展的基础物理问题域。", "aReason": "Dirac作为1927原作作者0.65；已有量子、辐射与场理论前史0.25；未知0.10。变换理论由Dirac前一点领取本体价值，本点只认其作为输入。", "sources": [ { "label": "皇家学会：辐射发射与吸收的量子理论", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1927.0039" }, { "label": "量子变换理论研究", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00407-022-00293-8" } ], "missing": "未建立各辐射论文的独立采用范围。；1927原文未全文核读。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "只取1927发射与吸收辐射理论中把辐射相互作用组织为早期量子场工具和语言的独立增量。变换理论作为已消费基础，不重复其一般形式价值；Heisenberg–Pauli场量子化、Fermi后续理论、完整QED与重整化排除。", "M": "5.7", "budget": [ { "actor": "保罗·狄拉克", "actorId": "SL-0021", "type": "SUBJECT", "share": "0.65" }, { "actor": "辐射量子论与量子场基础", "actorId": "DIRAC-RADIATION::RADIATION-QUANTUM-FIELD-FOUNDATIONS", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.25" }, { "actor": "未分配的背景贡献", "actorId": "DIRAC-RADIATION::UNKNOWN", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.10" } ], "share": "0.65", "exactLight": "459.5147598496896420214397124230532610803814276083441428626535025063583481692773466233343760491864609", "light": "459.514760", "standaloneScore": "5.33", "lightSharePercent": "10.2453" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0021-1949-1964-GENERALIZED-CONSTRAINED-HAMILTONIAN-DYNAMICS", "title": "广义Hamilton动力学与受约束系统方法", "year": "1949", "summary": "在课程与1950年论文中把 Hamilton 形式推广到动量不独立于速度的受约束情形，并讨论其与量子化及相对论过程的关系。", "mReason": "M5.6高于ACE 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