{
  "personId": "einstein",
  "uid": "SL-0001",
  "name": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
  "version": "V2研究贡献账",
  "updatedAt": "2026-09-15",
  "displayScore": "7.72",
  "exactScore": "7.723221525508587437628462562136308594336261158290437585260679802106628913882463966317452572611607418",
  "totalLight": "7270.278227",
  "exactTotalLight": "7270.278227326737234716296199749293313914599619864826544463008728334645062041759220997222511812161885",
  "scopeNote": "本轮当前已列28项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。",
  "formula": {
    "q": "Q = 10^(M/2) − 1",
    "light": "Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ",
    "total": "L = Σ Lᵢ",
    "score": "S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L)"
  },
  "items": [
    {
      "id": "SCI-O-SL0001-03+SCI-O-SL0001-04",
      "title": "狭义与广义相对论的受限理论程序",
      "year": "1905–1915",
      "mReason": "相对论研究建立了新的时空与电动力学关系、质能关系，以及用度量和曲率描述引力的场方程与可检验预言，评为M7.2。这一跨代际科学基础按合并成果计入一次，不再分别累加狭义相对论、质能关系和广义相对论；导航、核工业、仪器和后续宇宙学应用另有贡献主体，不归入本项。",
      "overlapNote": "狭义相对论、质能关系与广义相对论按一个理论程序计入一次；后来的具体模型和应用只可计算独立新增部分。 Hilbert 1915作用量变分与不变性恒等结构单列为独立残余，不在本项重复领取。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "1905年狭义相对论论文：期刊原文入口",
          "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/andp.19053221004"
        },
        {
          "label": "1916年广义相对论论文：期刊原文入口",
          "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/andp.19163540702"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦的理论构造占65%；Maxwell、Lorentz与Poincaré的前驱工作占12%，Michelson—Morley实验前史3%，Grossmann、Besso及几何协作12%，Hilbert与科学共同体3%，检验共同体4%，未厘清投入1%。这些比例区分理论形成及支持角色，不代表爱因斯坦独占全部基础与后续应用。",
      "M": "7.2",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.65"
        },
        {
          "actor": "MAXWELL LORENTZ POINCARE PREDECESSORS",
          "actorId": "EINSTEIN-RELATIVITY-PROGRAM::MAXWELL_LORENTZ_POINCARE_PREDECESSORS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.12"
        },
        {
          "actor": "MICHELSON MORLEY EXPERIMENTAL PREHISTORY",
          "actorId": "EINSTEIN-RELATIVITY-PROGRAM::MICHELSON_MORLEY_EXPERIMENTAL_PREHISTORY",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.03"
        },
        {
          "actor": "GROSSMANN BESSO GEOMETRY COLLABORATION",
          "actorId": "EINSTEIN-RELATIVITY-PROGRAM::GROSSMANN_BESSO_GEOMETRY_COLLABORATION",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.12"
        },
        {
          "actor": "尚未解析的希尔伯特—爱因斯坦互动与科学共同体输入",
          "actorId": "EINSTEIN-RELATIVITY-PROGRAM::UNRESOLVED-HILBERT-EINSTEIN-INTERACTION-AND-COMMUNITY",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.03"
        },
        {
          "actor": "TESTING COMMUNITY",
          "actorId": "EINSTEIN-RELATIVITY-PROGRAM::TESTING_COMMUNITY",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.04"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "EINSTEIN-RELATIVITY-PROGRAM::UNKNOWN_RESIDUAL",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.01"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.65",
      "exactLight": "2587.046608597732130006639983070388282669900742432972904624346962391461550151477253981119025447952842",
      "light": "2587.046609",
      "standaloneScore": "6.83",
      "lightSharePercent": "35.5839"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0001-1917-CLOSED-COSMOLOGICAL-MODEL",
      "title": "1917年闭合静态宇宙模型",
      "year": "1917",
      "mReason": "模型把引力场理论用于宇宙整体，形成理论宇宙学的重要开端，评为M5.9。原始静态模型的局限限制了其适用性；这里计入的是开辟研究方向与建模方法的贡献。",
      "overlapNote": "仅计1917封闭、近静态、均匀物质宇宙模型及使其成为解的新增项；广义相对论场论作为共享输入不重复计，后来的膨胀、稳定性分析、暗能量与观测排除。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "1917年宇宙学论文：原刊142页起",
          "url": "https://archive.org/details/sitzungsberichte1917deut/page/142"
        },
        {
          "label": "1917年静态宇宙模型：百年研究综述",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.07261"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦构造宇宙模型并引入新增项，分配70%；广义相对论与几何投入占15%，Grommer的边界条件计算支持5%，争论输入5%，出版2%，未厘清投入3%。相关未成功探索只作为研究过程投入，不另列正向成果。",
      "M": "5.9",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.7"
        },
        {
          "actor": "COSMOLOGY GR AND GEOMETRY INPUTS",
          "actorId": "COSMOLOGY_GR_AND_GEOMETRY_INPUTS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.15"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Jakob Grommer",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Jakob Grommer",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.05"
        },
        {
          "actor": "COSMOLOGY BOUNDARY DEBATE INPUTS",
          "actorId": "COSMOLOGY_BOUNDARY_DEBATE_INPUTS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.05"
        },
        {
          "actor": "COSMOLOGY ORIGINAL PUBLICATION",
          "actorId": "COSMOLOGY_ORIGINAL_PUBLICATION",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.02"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "COSMOLOGY_UNRESOLVED",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.03"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.7",
      "exactLight": "623.1756566936218709671760767548078747901123480510338589635604465472282374143309444929523721989867130",
      "light": "623.175657",
      "standaloneScore": "5.59",
      "lightSharePercent": "8.5716"
    },
    {
      "id": "SCI-O-SL0001-01",
      "title": "光量子与光电效应的公开理论",
      "year": "1905",
      "mReason": "理论将量子化观念扩展到光，提出光电子最大能量和遏止电势的频率关系，并获得有限范围的后续实验确认，评为M5.9。它提供了改变学科认识、可定量检验的解释，但不等同于整个量子力学框架。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "1905年光量子论文：期刊原文入口",
          "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/andp.19053220607"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦的光量子解释与定量预言占65%；Planck及量子前史15%，光电实验前驱10%，实验验证团队7%，未厘清投入3%。理论与实际验证分别归功。",
      "M": "5.9",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.65"
        },
        {
          "actor": "PLANCK AND QUANTUM PREDECESSORS",
          "actorId": "EINSTEIN-LIGHT-QUANTUM-PHOTOELECTRIC::PLANCK_AND_QUANTUM_PREDECESSORS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.15"
        },
        {
          "actor": "PHOTOELECTRIC EXPERIMENTAL PRECURSORS",
          "actorId": "EINSTEIN-LIGHT-QUANTUM-PHOTOELECTRIC::PHOTOELECTRIC_EXPERIMENTAL_PRECURSORS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.1"
        },
        {
          "actor": "EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATORS",
          "actorId": "EINSTEIN-LIGHT-QUANTUM-PHOTOELECTRIC::EXPERIMENTAL_VALIDATORS",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.07"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "EINSTEIN-LIGHT-QUANTUM-PHOTOELECTRIC::UNKNOWN_RESIDUAL",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.03"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.65",
      "exactLight": "578.6631097869345944695206427008930265908186089045314404661632717938547918847358770291700598990590907",
      "light": "578.663110",
      "standaloneScore": "5.53",
      "lightSharePercent": "7.9593"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0001-1924-1925-MONATOMIC-QUANTUM-GAS",
      "title": "1924–1925年单原子量子气体",
      "year": "1924–1925",
      "mReason": "这组论文建立单原子理想气体的量子统计描述，连接计数规则、平衡分布、经典极限和低温凝聚推论，评为M5.8。它改变了一类基本物质系统的统计描述，但不包括后来实现的实验凝聚，也不代表量子统计的全部基础。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "1924年量子气体论文：马克斯·普朗克研究所影印档案",
          "url": "https://einstein-virtuell.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/VEA/SC229031645_MOD-1854197941_SEQ-1755187600_SL-1254934972_de.html"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦将量子统计用于单原子气体并推导其结果，分配65%；Bose提供的统计思想占25%，统计热力学前史4%，发表支持2%，未厘清投入4%。后来的实验凝聚不计入作者份额。",
      "M": "5.8",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.65"
        },
        {
          "actor": "萨特延德拉·玻色",
          "actorId": "SL-0218",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.25"
        },
        {
          "actor": "STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMIC PREDECESSORS",
          "actorId": "POOL:STATISTICAL_THERMODYNAMIC_PREDECESSORS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.04"
        },
        {
          "actor": "ORIGINAL 1924 1925 PUBLICATION",
          "actorId": "POOL:ORIGINAL_1924_1925_PUBLICATION",
          "type": "INSTITUTION",
          "share": "0.02"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "POOL:UNALLOCATED_W1",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.04"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.65",
      "exactLight": "515.6633525707829763428468838436521561828244106410648158600105540560212031744668993731119137006736808",
      "light": "515.663353",
      "standaloneScore": "5.43",
      "lightSharePercent": "7.0928"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0001-1909-TWO-TERM-RADIATION-FLUCTUATIONS",
      "title": "1909年辐射涨落的双项解释",
      "year": "1909",
      "mReason": "该成果提供了可复用的理论判据：辐射涨落同时显露波动统计与量子统计结构，并据此明确波—量子并存问题。它超出局部技巧和一般专业工具，改变了学科对辐射结构的可检验理解，故落在M5上段。",
      "overlapNote": "1909年的相关两篇合为一项；不重复计入1905年光量子假说、1912年光化学推导、1916—1917年跃迁理论及后来的器件。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "1909年辐射理论：匹兹堡大学收藏的译文",
          "url": "https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/Einstein_graduate/2590_Einstein_2015/pdfs/Einstein_On_Present_Status_old.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦对辐射涨落作出双项解释，分配70%；Planck平均谱占15%，经典辐射理论8%，统计力学方法4%，未厘清投入3%。解释结构的新增贡献与作为推导基础的已有理论分别分配。",
      "M": "5.6",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.7"
        },
        {
          "actor": "PLANCK MEAN RADIATION SPECTRUM INPUT",
          "actorId": "PLANCK_MEAN_RADIATION_SPECTRUM_INPUT",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.15"
        },
        {
          "actor": "CLASSICAL RADIATION INPUT POOL",
          "actorId": "CLASSICAL_RADIATION_INPUT_POOL",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.08"
        },
        {
          "actor": "STATISTICAL MECHANICS METHOD POOL",
          "actorId": "STATISTICAL_MECHANICS_METHOD_POOL",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.04"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "RADIATION1909_UNALLOCATED",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.03"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.7",
      "exactLight": "440.9701411361352746040520956356407052710616800317601071694106701834464603083807653010398474205565854",
      "light": "440.970141",
      "standaloneScore": "5.29",
      "lightSharePercent": "6.0654"
    },
    {
      "id": "RC31-O-RADIATIVE-TRANSITION-THEORY-1916-1917",
      "title": "1916–1917年辐射跃迁理论",
      "year": "1916–1917",
      "mReason": "理论用跃迁概率统一描述吸收、自发辐射和受激辐射，并由热平衡推导黑体分布与能量频率关系，评为M5.4。它为一类核心辐射过程提供通用结构，但不包括整个量子理论或后来实现受激辐射的器件。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "1917年辐射量子理论：文集重印入口",
          "url": "https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783112596609-016/html"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦建立辐射跃迁的概率结构并推导相关关系，分配70%；此前辐射理论的投入占25%，未厘清投入5%。后来器件的工程实现不包含在这一份额中。",
      "M": "5.4",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.7"
        },
        {
          "actor": "RADIATIVE THEORY ACKNOWLEDGED PREHISTORY",
          "actorId": "RADIATIVE_THEORY_ACKNOWLEDGED_PREHISTORY",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.25"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "RADIATIVE_THEORY_UNRESOLVED_CREDIT",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.7",
      "exactLight": "350.1310635390905995010879308194620376423303928829734847507882191223078789821814822718393776836994494",
      "light": "350.131064",
      "standaloneScore": "5.09",
      "lightSharePercent": "4.8159"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0001-1905-1911-CORRECTED-DILUTE-VISCOSITY-INFERENCE",
      "title": "稀悬浮液黏度与分子推断的修正方法",
      "year": "1905–1911",
      "mReason": "更正后的黏度关系与联合反演路径是跨具体糖溶液可迁移的定量方法，使分子尺度从微观假设转为可由宏观流体观测约束的问题；其影响层级高于普通专业工具，达到学科变化级的M5中段。",
      "overlapNote": "1905/1906原作与1911更正合计一次。已在布朗运动中计入的扩散、阻力和位移关系不重复计分；本项独立部分为悬浮球体黏度关系及其参与的分子尺度反演。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "1905年博士论文：原文扫描",
          "url": "https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/lectures/Rotman_Summer_School_2013/Einstein_1905_docs/Einstein_Dissertation_German.pdf"
        },
        {
          "label": "1911年更正：Annalen 34，591–592页",
          "url": "https://echo-old.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ECHOdocuViewSB?mode=texttool&pn=1&tocMode=none&url=%2Fpermanent%2Feinstein%2Fannalen%2FEinst_Beric_de_1911%2Findex.meta"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦的黏度关系与分子推断工作占65%；修正过程中Hopf的贡献占10%，Perrin相关实验警示占5%，既有流体力学方法15%，未厘清投入5%。份额依据理论、修正及实验反馈的不同角色分配，不以单独署名推定全部归功。",
      "M": "5.4",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.65"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Hopf",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Hopf",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.1"
        },
        {
          "actor": "PERRIN COMMISSIONED EXPERIMENTAL WARNING POOL",
          "actorId": "PERRIN_COMMISSIONED_EXPERIMENTAL_WARNING_POOL",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.05"
        },
        {
          "actor": "PRIOR HYDRODYNAMIC METHODS",
          "actorId": "PRIOR_HYDRODYNAMIC_METHODS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.15"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "MOLECULAR_METHOD_UNALLOCATED",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.65",
      "exactLight": "325.1217018577269852510102214752147492393067933913325215543033463278573161977399478238508507062923458",
      "light": "325.121702",
      "standaloneScore": "5.03",
      "lightSharePercent": "4.4719"
    },
    {
      "id": "SCI-O-SL0001-02",
      "title": "1905年布朗运动的公开理论",
      "year": "1905",
      "mReason": "理论将可观测的悬浮粒子位移、扩散和时间联系起来，并提出推断分子数的检验方法，评为M5.2。它建立了宏观轨迹与分子统计之间可复用的联系；后续测量、实验验证和统计力学的整体基础不在本项内。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "1905年布朗运动论文：期刊原文入口",
          "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/andp.19053220806"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦建立布朗运动的定量理论，分配80%；Stokes与Kirchhoff的阻力方法占8%，早期扩散分析4%，溶液分子理论与讨论4%，未厘清支持4%。后续实验验证不在本项内重复归功。",
      "M": "5.2",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.8"
        },
        {
          "actor": "STOKES KIRCHHOFF DRAG TRANSMISSION",
          "actorId": "STOKES_KIRCHHOFF_DRAG_TRANSMISSION",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.08"
        },
        {
          "actor": "EARLIER DIFFUSION ANALYSIS POOL",
          "actorId": "EARLIER_DIFFUSION_ANALYSIS_POOL",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.04"
        },
        {
          "actor": "MOLECULAR SOLUTION THEORY AND DISCUSSION INPUTS",
          "actorId": "MOLECULAR_SOLUTION_THEORY_AND_DISCUSSION_INPUTS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.04"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "BROWNIAN_1905_UNRESOLVED_SUPPORT",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.04"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.8",
      "exactLight": "317.6857364427978006162018440702016347901416298379043574922273184481798830955664312592146492859018882",
      "light": "317.685736",
      "standaloneScore": "5.01",
      "lightSharePercent": "4.3697"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0001-1936-BOUNDED-STELLAR-LENS-MODEL",
      "title": "1936年恒星引力透镜模型",
      "year": "1912–1936",
      "mReason": "模型明确了引力透镜的几何、放大关系与可观测限制，成为可复用的天文建模方法，评为M5.0。此处只计入该模型，不将后来的观测和仪器成果归给作者。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "1936年透镜报道与论文材料",
          "url": "https://sspcdn.blob.core.windows.net/files/Society_Centennial/1936_General_Relativity/1936_12_19_SNL_Attic_Genius_Wins.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦完成计算与发表，分配65%；Mandl提出问题并持续促成研究，占15%，Science Service的联络占10%，既有引力与光学5%，发表支持3%，未厘清投入2%。先行研究的存在不自动证明其直接参与本次计算。",
      "M": "5.0",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.65"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Rudi W. Mandl",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Rudi W. Mandl",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.15"
        },
        {
          "actor": "LENS SCIENCE SERVICE MEDIATION",
          "actorId": "LENS_SCIENCE_SERVICE_MEDIATION",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.1"
        },
        {
          "actor": "LENS EXISTING GR OPTICS",
          "actorId": "LENS_EXISTING_GR_OPTICS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.05"
        },
        {
          "actor": "LENS PUBLICATION SUPPORT",
          "actorId": "LENS_PUBLICATION_SUPPORT",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.03"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "LENS_UNRESOLVED",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.02"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.65",
      "exactLight": "204.8980479109446565799280803881267046917710840561390937457378154315186385115504843873761270446545192",
      "light": "204.898048",
      "standaloneScore": "4.63",
      "lightSharePercent": "2.8183"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0001-1903-CONDITIONAL-RESERVOIR-DERIVATION",
      "title": "1902–1903年受限系综推导",
      "year": "1902–1903",
      "mReason": "这条推导路线通过热库模型、时间与平稳性条件，连接平衡分布、温度和熵，具有重要的方法价值，评为M4.9。此处只计入其特定推导，不重复计入正则系综或统计力学的整体基础。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "1903年热力学基础论文：原文扫描",
          "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/1424033"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦完成特定的条件热库推导，分配65%；经典力学、概率与热力学前提占25%，发表讨论5%，未厘清投入5%。Gibbs的独立先行框架不等于已证实传入本研究的直接投入，因此不据此编造个人份额。",
      "M": "4.9",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.65"
        },
        {
          "actor": "STATMECH EXISTING CLASSICAL PROBABILITY MECHANICS",
          "actorId": "STATMECH_EXISTING_CLASSICAL_PROBABILITY_MECHANICS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.25"
        },
        {
          "actor": "STATMECH PUBLICATION DISCUSSION SUPPORT",
          "actorId": "STATMECH_PUBLICATION_DISCUSSION_SUPPORT",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.05"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "STATMECH_UNRESOLVED",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.65",
      "exactLight": "182.5448905321894982416250404450821967143978329451120101911685138820130945788955224819834927926977165",
      "light": "182.544891",
      "standaloneScore": "4.53",
      "lightSharePercent": "2.5108"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-EINSTEIN-DESITTER-1932-FLAT-EXPANSION-DENSITY",
      "title": "1932年平坦膨胀物质模型",
      "year": "1932",
      "mReason": "模型把空间几何、宇宙膨胀与平均密度联系起来，提供了理论宇宙学可复用的计算基准，评为M5.2。其假设严格、论述简略，且未明确展开宇宙演化分析，贡献范围小于开辟整个研究领域。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Einstein–de Sitter模型史料",
          "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1076193/"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦与德西特共同构造模型，各分配35%；论文明确提及的Heckmann启发占10%，动态宇宙学与广义相对论前史10%，观测5%，机构与发表支持3%，未厘清投入2%。1931年的相关个人研究不再另加一次分。",
      "M": "5.2",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.35"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Willem de Sitter",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Willem de Sitter",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.35"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Otto Heckmann",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Otto Heckmann",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.1"
        },
        {
          "actor": "EXPANDING PRIOR FRIEDMANN LEMAITRE GR",
          "actorId": "EXPANDING_PRIOR_FRIEDMANN_LEMAITRE_GR",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.1"
        },
        {
          "actor": "EXPANDING OBSERVATIONAL INPUTS",
          "actorId": "EXPANDING_OBSERVATIONAL_INPUTS",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.05"
        },
        {
          "actor": "EXPANDING CALTECH PUBLICATION SUPPORT",
          "actorId": "EXPANDING_CALTECH_PUBLICATION_SUPPORT",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.03"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "EXPANDING_UNRESOLVED",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.02"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.35",
      "exactLight": "138.9875096937240377695883067807132152206869630540831564028494518210786988543103136759064090625820761",
      "light": "138.987510",
      "standaloneScore": "4.29",
      "lightSharePercent": "1.9117"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0001-1910-BOUNDED-THERMODYNAMIC-LIGHT-SCATTERING",
      "title": "1910年液体光散射的热力学推导",
      "year": "1910",
      "mReason": "推导将可测变量与光散射的定量关系连接起来，横跨热力学、光学和物理化学，评为M4.6。结论依赖弱不均匀、无吸收等近似条件，也不能直接覆盖临界区域；后续研究对相关性的处理不归入本项。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "1910年光散射论文：Annalen，1275–1298页",
          "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/andp.19103381612"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦的热力学光散射推导占65%；Smoluchowski的相关投入占12%，统计热力学前史10%，Maxwell电磁理论5%，发表支持2%，未厘清投入6%。这些份额用于区分新推导与其理论前提。",
      "M": "4.6",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.65"
        },
        {
          "actor": "SMOLUCHOWSKI",
          "actorId": "OPAL1910::SMOLUCHOWSKI",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.12"
        },
        {
          "actor": "STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMIC PREDECESSORS",
          "actorId": "OPAL1910::STATISTICAL_THERMODYNAMIC_PREDECESSORS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.1"
        },
        {
          "actor": "MAXWELL ELECTROMAGNETIC INPUT",
          "actorId": "OPAL1910::MAXWELL_ELECTROMAGNETIC_INPUT",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.05"
        },
        {
          "actor": "ORIGINAL PUBLICATION",
          "actorId": "OPAL1910::ORIGINAL_PUBLICATION",
          "type": "INSTITUTION",
          "share": "0.02"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "OPAL1910::UNALLOCATED",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.06"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.65",
      "exactLight": "129.0420504729771740879096007880698112691078305013474964499443883553205091953731826908997051868397617",
      "light": "129.042050",
      "standaloneScore": "4.23",
      "lightSharePercent": "1.7749"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0001-1912-PHOTOCHEMICAL-THERMODYNAMIC-DERIVATION",
      "title": "1912年光化学热力学推导",
      "year": "1912",
      "mReason": "论文提供面向化学反应的定量条件，并给出热力学推导、适用边界和一致性检查，评为M4.4。它把光量子框架扩展到新的问题，但只在简化反应与Wien范围内成立，现有材料不足以证明更广泛的实验或应用影响。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "1912年光化学论文：马克斯·普朗克研究所原文档案",
          "url": "https://echo-old.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ECHOdocuViewSB?mode=texttool&url=%2Fpermanent%2Feinstein%2Fannalen%2FEinst_Therm_de_1912%2Findex.meta&viewMode=text"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦完成光化学问题的热力学推导，分配75%；Wien辐射关系占10%，质量作用及离解理论8%，Planck常数背景3%，发表支持1%，未厘清投入3%。",
      "M": "4.4",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.75"
        },
        {
          "actor": "WIEN RADIATION INPUT",
          "actorId": "PHOTO1912::WIEN_RADIATION_INPUT",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.1"
        },
        {
          "actor": "THERMODYNAMIC MASS ACTION DISSOCIATION",
          "actorId": "PHOTO1912::THERMODYNAMIC_MASS_ACTION_DISSOCIATION",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.08"
        },
        {
          "actor": "PLANCK RADIATION CONSTANT CONTEXT",
          "actorId": "PHOTO1912::PLANCK_RADIATION_CONSTANT_CONTEXT",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.03"
        },
        {
          "actor": "PUBLICATION SUPPORT",
          "actorId": "PHOTO1912::PUBLICATION_SUPPORT",
          "type": "INSTITUTION",
          "share": "0.01"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "PHOTO1912::UNALLOCATED",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.03"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.75",
      "exactLight": "118.1169894345835113901576030043630259952081600368779301237222609237492647751340485082652042884583283",
      "light": "118.116989",
      "standaloneScore": "4.15",
      "lightSharePercent": "1.6247"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-EIH1938-SURFACE-INTEGRAL-MOTION-METHOD",
      "title": "1938年表面积分运动方法",
      "year": "1938",
      "mReason": "这套方法把引力场与物体运动的关系转化为可计算的表面积分问题，形成具有持续影响的专业方法，评为M5.3。它仍受近似条件和适用范围限制，尚不足以代表M6层级的普遍基础框架。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "引力动力学研究综述：EIH方法及其后续发展",
          "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41114-018-0016-5"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦、英费尔德和霍夫曼共同完成这项研究。现有证据不足以可靠量化个人分工，三人的共同贡献暂按75%分配，各占25%；其余25%保留给既有广义相对论、曲面积分方法、研究出版支持与未识别投入。各人的份额是评估判断，不是署名所能证明的实际劳动比例。",
      "M": "5.3",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.25"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Leopold Infeld",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Leopold Infeld",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.25"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Banesh Hoffmann",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Banesh Hoffmann",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.25"
        },
        {
          "actor": "EIH GR AND SURFACE METHOD PREDECESSORS",
          "actorId": "EIH_GR_AND_SURFACE_METHOD_PREDECESSORS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.15"
        },
        {
          "actor": "EIH ORIGINAL RESEARCH PUBLICATION SUPPORT",
          "actorId": "EIH_ORIGINAL_RESEARCH_PUBLICATION_SUPPORT",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.05"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "EIH_UNRESOLVED",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.25",
      "exactLight": "111.4208980377407796390626310798441540943250446520036420504180880819046057103187899719664154121558048",
      "light": "111.420898",
      "standaloneScore": "4.10",
      "lightSharePercent": "1.5326"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-EINSTEIN-BERGMANN-1938-BOUNDED-FIVED-MODEL",
      "title": "1938年五维模型一般化",
      "year": "1938",
      "mReason": "论文提出可复用的高维模型及其长距离约化方法，接近M5的方法创新层级。附加的对称性约束、未解决的标量问题，以及未能实现的物理统一，限制了它的实际解释能力，因此评为M4.9。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Einstein–Bergmann原论文：Annals 39（1938），683–701页",
          "url": "https://www.archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-mathematics_1938-07_39_3/page/682"
        },
        {
          "label": "Witten：五维模型的历史分析",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1401.8048"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦与伯格曼共同提出具体模型；在无法可靠区分个人劳动比例时，各分配35%。Kaluza、Klein及广义相对论的理论投入占20%，发表支持5%，未厘清投入5%。本项不占有整个额外维度研究框架。",
      "M": "4.9",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.35"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Peter Bergmann",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Peter Bergmann",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.35"
        },
        {
          "actor": "FIVED KALUZA KLEIN GR INPUTS",
          "actorId": "FIVED_KALUZA_KLEIN_GR_INPUTS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.2"
        },
        {
          "actor": "FIVED PUBLICATION SUPPORT",
          "actorId": "FIVED_PUBLICATION_SUPPORT",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.05"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "FIVED_UNRESOLVED",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.35",
      "exactLight": "98.29340259425588366856732947042887515390652543198339010293689209031474323478989672106803458068338580",
      "light": "98.293403",
      "standaloneScore": "3.99",
      "lightSharePercent": "1.3520"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0091-1915-VARIATIONAL-GR-FORMULATION",
      "title": "引力—电磁作用量与广义协变性推导",
      "year": "1915",
      "summary": "以引力—电磁作用量给出变分表述，并从坐标不变性组织恒等结构。场方程整体、物理解释及预言由相对论理论程序消费，不在此重复。",
      "M": "4.9",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "大卫·希尔伯特",
          "actorId": "SL-0091",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.28"
        },
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.32"
        },
        {
          "actor": "广义相对论数学物理前史",
          "actorId": "HILBERT::GENERAL-RELATIVITY-MATHEMATICAL-PHYSICS-PREHISTORY",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL",
          "share": "0.18"
        },
        {
          "actor": "哥廷根物理与数学网络",
          "actorId": "HILBERT::GOTTINGEN-PHYSICS-MATHEMATICS-NETWORK",
          "type": "COLLABORATOR_POOL",
          "share": "0.1"
        },
        {
          "actor": "当时发表与早期传播支持",
          "actorId": "HILBERT::CONTEMPORARY-PUBLICATION-AND-RECEPTION",
          "type": "SERVICE_POOL",
          "share": "0.05"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配贡献与时间线未决部分",
          "actorId": "HILBERT::UNKNOWN-AND-TIMELINE-UNRESOLVED",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.07"
        }
      ],
      "mReason": "作用量与不变性恒等结构具有独立数学物理方法价值；排除场方程整体后，残余范围采用M4.9。此次修正来自成果边界缩窄，不因人名或资料未读调分。",
      "aReason": "Hilbert 0.28；Einstein 0.32；数学物理与GR前史0.18；哥廷根网络0.10；当时发表与早期传播支持0.05；校样与时间线未解析0.07。",
      "overlapNote": "以引力—电磁作用量给出变分表述，并从坐标不变性组织恒等结构。场方程整体、物理解释及预言由相对论理论程序消费，不在此重复。",
      "status": "缺证暂估",
      "missing": "Hilbert校样、正式版及具体场方程出现时间尚未以档案原件收口。；能量方程意义在当时并不清楚。；不把后世历史研究作者计作1915年成果创造者。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Noether 定理与广义相对论能量研究",
          "url": "https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/18871/1/Noether%27s%20Theorems%20and%20Energy%20in%20GR.pdf"
        },
        {
          "label": "Physics Today：Hilbert 与 Einstein 的历史综述",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.2979"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.32",
      "exactLight": "89.86825380046252221126155837296354299785739468067052809411372991114490810037933414497648875948195274",
      "light": "89.868254",
      "standaloneScore": "3.92",
      "lightSharePercent": "1.2361"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-ER1937-EXACT-CYLINDRICAL-WAVES",
      "title": "1937年精确柱面对称波构造",
      "year": "1937",
      "mReason": "论文给出精确的非线性柱面对称波解，为研究引力辐射提供了可复用的专业方法，评为M4.8。它超出了广义相对论最初建立时的结果，但受特定对称性和解释边界限制，不按完整的学科变革估值。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Einstein与Rosen：On gravitational waves（1937）",
          "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016003237905830"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦参与推导，并在罗森离开后改写论文，分配35%；罗森的共同计算占25%，Robertson的关键纠错占20%。既有广义相对论占10%，Hoffmann翻译3%，发表支持2%，未厘清投入5%。",
      "M": "4.8",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.35"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Nathan Rosen",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Nathan Rosen",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.25"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Howard Percy Robertson",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Howard Percy Robertson",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.2"
        },
        {
          "actor": "WAVES GR GEOMETRIC INPUTS",
          "actorId": "WAVES_GR_GEOMETRIC_INPUTS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.1"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Banesh Hoffmann",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Banesh Hoffmann",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.03"
        },
        {
          "actor": "WAVES PUBLICATION SUPPORT",
          "actorId": "WAVES_PUBLICATION_SUPPORT",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.02"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "WAVES_UNRESOLVED",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.35",
      "exactLight": "87.56602510283530388797612237297645879554813352738664000379609473178851367032464579588478531072289356",
      "light": "87.566025",
      "standaloneScore": "3.89",
      "lightSharePercent": "1.2044"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0001-1907-QUANTUM-SPECIFIC-HEAT",
      "title": "1907年量子比热模型",
      "year": "1907",
      "mReason": "模型把量子化能量交换用于简化的固体振子，推导温度相关的热容，并解释经典常数值失效及低温下降，评为M4.2。结构变化、导体中的自由运动成分和更准确的低温规律仍不在其解决范围内。",
      "overlapNote": "保留温度相关的比热模型；排除1907年更正撤回的光学逆推，不计入Debye后续改进。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "1907年量子比热论文：期刊原文入口",
          "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/andp.19063270110"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦把量子振子用于固体比热建模，分配65%；Planck的量子振子理论占20%，已有固体热与光学观测10%，未厘清投入5%。模型的理论扩展与其使用的前驱知识分别记账。",
      "M": "4.2",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.65"
        },
        {
          "actor": "PLANCK QUANTIZED OSCILLATOR INPUT",
          "actorId": "PLANCK_QUANTIZED_OSCILLATOR_INPUT",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.2"
        },
        {
          "actor": "SOLID HEAT AND OPTICAL OBSERVATION INPUTS",
          "actorId": "SOLID_HEAT_AND_OPTICAL_OBSERVATION_INPUTS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.1"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "SPECIFIC_HEAT_UNRESOLVED_SUPPORT",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.65",
      "exactLight": "81.18015176662086867755701691572703939608513161535051949201499626923209502586263156786831280793650105",
      "light": "81.180152",
      "standaloneScore": "3.83",
      "lightSharePercent": "1.1166"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0001-1935-EPR-COMPLETENESS",
      "title": "1935年EPR完备性论证",
      "year": "1935",
      "mReason": "论文给出明确的完备性条件、实在性判据及双系统思想实验，使量子理论的核心解释争议获得可讨论的技术形式，评为M4.8。论证有条件且并非穷尽所有解释，未从实验上推翻量子力学，其结论仍有争议。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "EPR论文原始期刊页",
          "url": "https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.47.777"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "三位作者共同讨论，Podolsky承担写作和投稿这一具体工作。爱因斯坦分配30%，Podolsky35%，Rosen25%；既有量子方法占5%，未厘清支持5%。这些比例是对共同论证和实际交付责任的评估，不将全部思想讨论归给爱因斯坦。",
      "M": "4.8",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.3"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Boris Podolsky",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Boris Podolsky",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.35"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Nathan Rosen",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Nathan Rosen",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.25"
        },
        {
          "actor": "EPR EXISTING QUANTUM FORMALISM",
          "actorId": "EPR_EXISTING_QUANTUM_FORMALISM",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.05"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "EPR_UNRESOLVED_SUPPORT",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.3",
      "exactLight": "75.05659294528740333255096203397982182475554302347426286039665262724729743170683925361553026633390877",
      "light": "75.056593",
      "standaloneScore": "3.76",
      "lightSharePercent": "1.0324"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-EINSTEIN-PAULI-1943-CONDITIONAL-NOGO",
      "title": "1943年有条件的规则解不可能定理",
      "year": "1941–1943",
      "mReason": "定理对一类经典粒子状场模型给出可复用的排除条件，并将此前的研究扩展到球对称之外及更高维度，评为M4.5。结论依赖渐近和尺度条件，后来的反例也限定了它的适用范围。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Einstein–Pauli原论文：Annals 44（1943），131–137页",
          "url": "https://www.archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-mathematics_1943-04_44_2"
        },
        {
          "label": "统一场论史：1943年定理及其边界",
          "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrr-2014-5"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦与泡利共同研究定理，各分配35%；Bargmann的球对称结果占10%，Lichnerowicz相关前驱和几何方法占15%，未厘清投入5%。爱因斯坦1941年的受限结果合并在同一成果族内，不另行加分。",
      "M": "4.5",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.35"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Wolfgang Pauli",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Wolfgang Pauli",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.35"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Valentine Bargmann",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Valentine Bargmann",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.1"
        },
        {
          "actor": "NOGO PRIOR LICHNEROWICZ GEOMETRY",
          "actorId": "NOGO_PRIOR_LICHNEROWICZ_GEOMETRY",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.15"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "NOGO_UNRESOLVED",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.35",
      "exactLight": "61.88977935136229804288974183174396956575266842407893753041407529717056585388228317151051397475457542",
      "light": "61.889779",
      "standaloneScore": "3.60",
      "lightSharePercent": "0.8513"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-EINSTEIN-DEHAAS-1915-MAGNETOMECHANICAL-RESPONSE",
      "title": "Einstein–de Haas磁机械响应实验",
      "year": "1915–1916",
      "mReason": "实验留下了磁机械响应现象和受控共振方法，具有较广泛的专业价值。但最初宣称的数值吻合和物理解释未能成立，故评为M4.4，而不按完整的学科变革成果计分。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "1915年磁机械实验：CERN文献目录",
          "url": "https://cds.cern.ch/record/632309"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "两位作者共同开展实验，各分配35%；实验设施占15%，经典电磁与角动量理论占10%，未厘清投入5%。个人工作量缺乏可靠量化依据，均分是评估选择；Barnett的相关优先成果不转算为本实验的贡献。",
      "M": "4.4",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.35"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Wander Johannes de Haas",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Wander Johannes de Haas",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.35"
        },
        {
          "actor": "DEHAAS LAB APPARATUS SUPPORT",
          "actorId": "DEHAAS_LAB_APPARATUS_SUPPORT",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.15"
        },
        {
          "actor": "DEHAAS CLASSICAL ELECTROMAGNETIC INPUTS",
          "actorId": "DEHAAS_CLASSICAL_ELECTROMAGNETIC_INPUTS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.1"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "DEHAAS_UNRESOLVED",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.35",
      "exactLight": "55.12126173613897198207354806870274546443047468387636739107038843108299022839588930385709533461388654",
      "light": "55.121262",
      "standaloneScore": "3.50",
      "lightSharePercent": "0.7582"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-ER1935-TWO-SHEET-SPATIAL-GEOMETRY",
      "title": "1935年双层空间桥构造",
      "year": "1935",
      "mReason": "双层空间构造成为可持续研究和教学的数学物理对象，评为M3.8。这里计入的是特定几何构造的知识价值，现有依据不足以将其提升为广泛适用的物理成果。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Einstein–Rosen桥原始论文",
          "url": "https://www.nevis.columbia.edu/~zajc/acad/W3072/EinsteinWormhole.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦与罗森共同构造模型；缺少个人分工优势的明确证据，各分配35%。采用的Schwarzschild解占20%，原文承认的Mayer数学启发占5%，未厘清投入5%。本项限于双层空间几何，不包含原始带电模型的全部主张。",
      "M": "3.8",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.35"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Nathan Rosen",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Nathan Rosen",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.35"
        },
        {
          "actor": "ER SCHWARZSCHILD GEOMETRIC INPUT",
          "actorId": "ER_SCHWARZSCHILD_GEOMETRIC_INPUT",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.20"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Walther Mayer",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Walther Mayer",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.05"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "ER_UNRESOLVED",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.35",
      "exactLight": "27.45148821534985257230713989927357764061362211144195162323133752609344940170206381239833381465165973",
      "light": "27.451488",
      "standaloneScore": "2.91",
      "lightSharePercent": "0.3776"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-EINSTEIN-SZILARD-REFRIGERATION-DESIGN-FAMILY",
      "title": "Einstein–Szilard制冷设计族",
      "year": "1926–1932",
      "mReason": "这组设计包含两种具体制冷机制，并进入专利、许可和AEG原型开发，超出了单纯构想，评为M3.8。现有成果尚未形成面向消费者的成熟产品或广泛运行的系统，因此未达到M4层级。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Einstein–Szilard制冷专利",
          "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US1781541A/en"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦参与共同发明、技术讨论和原型检查，分配30%；西拉德的发明与持续开发对接占35%，Korodi及AEG工程工作20%，既有吸收制冷与电磁方法10%，未厘清投入5%。权益合同不作为贡献比例，许可收入不另列成果。",
      "M": "3.8",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.3"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Leo Szilard",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Leo Szilard",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.35"
        },
        {
          "actor": "FRIDGE KORODI AEG ENGINEERING",
          "actorId": "FRIDGE_KORODI_AEG_ENGINEERING",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.2"
        },
        {
          "actor": "FRIDGE ABSORPTION ELECTROMAGNETIC PREDECESSORS",
          "actorId": "FRIDGE_ABSORPTION_ELECTROMAGNETIC_PREDECESSORS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.1"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "FRIDGE_UNRESOLVED",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.3",
      "exactLight": "23.52984704172844506197754848509163797766881895266452996276971787950867091574462612491285755541570834",
      "light": "23.529847",
      "standaloneScore": "2.78",
      "lightSharePercent": "0.3236"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-EINSTEIN-CARTAN-1930-BOUNDED-COMPATIBILITY",
      "title": "远平行场方程的相容性处理",
      "year": "1929–1930",
      "mReason": "成果为一组远平行场方程提供了有实质内容的数学相容性处理，可供专业研究使用，评为M3.4。它依赖特定且并不唯一的方程选择，未发展成成功的物理理论，因此不按广泛适用的方法或学科变革估值。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "统一场论历史综述",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0503046"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦提出特定方程并发表相容性处理，分配40%；Cartan对数学处理作出直接改进，分配40%。既有几何方法占15%，发表支持2%，未厘清投入3%。40%的份额是依据角色作出的评估，不是实测工时。",
      "M": "3.4",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.4"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Elie Cartan",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Elie Cartan",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.4"
        },
        {
          "actor": "TELEPARALLEL EXISTING GEOMETRY",
          "actorId": "TELEPARALLEL_EXISTING_GEOMETRY",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.15"
        },
        {
          "actor": "TELEPARALLEL PUBLICATION SUPPORT",
          "actorId": "TELEPARALLEL_PUBLICATION_SUPPORT",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.02"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "TELEPARALLEL_UNRESOLVED",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.03"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.4",
      "exactLight": "19.64748934509089140006216747539783072241887959331277055718789823556045022755322755839082158192568282",
      "light": "19.647489",
      "standaloneScore": "2.63",
      "lightSharePercent": "0.2702"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0001-WRITTEN-HERITAGE-PRESERVATION",
      "title": "书面遗产的档案保存",
      "year": "1950",
      "mReason": "保存下来的重要原始档案成为持续可用的科学史研究资源，评为M3.4。贡献体现于档案的保管和专业研究用途，未据此推断广泛人群或国家系统层面的收益。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "爱因斯坦档案馆",
          "url": "https://albert-einstein.huji.ac.il/"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦的遗赠决定使资源能够移交，分配30%；遗产执行与保管工作占45%，接收大学20%，未厘清投入5%。后继数十年的整理和保管劳动不归给立遗嘱人。",
      "M": "3.4",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.3"
        },
        {
          "actor": "EINSTEIN ESTATE EXECUTION AND PRESERVATION",
          "actorId": "EINSTEIN_ESTATE_EXECUTION_AND_PRESERVATION",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.45"
        },
        {
          "actor": "HEBREW UNIVERSITY ARCHIVAL CUSTODY",
          "actorId": "HEBREW_UNIVERSITY_ARCHIVAL_CUSTODY",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.2"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "HERITAGE_UNRESOLVED",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.3",
      "exactLight": "14.73561700881816855004662560654837304181415969498457791789092367667033767066492066879311618644426212",
      "light": "14.735617",
      "standaloneScore": "2.39",
      "lightSharePercent": "0.2027"
    },
    {
      "title": "互补性：观测条件与波粒描述的解释框架",
      "year": "1927–1928",
      "mReason": "七节公开框架组织观测、定义与既有波粒描述；仍有争议，未主张唯一正确解。",
      "aReason": "沿用既有完整预算；海森堡4%只计与互补性框架直接相连的讨论输入，玻尔的综合、其他贡献者、出版机构和未分配部分全部保留，本轮未重裁。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Bohr 1928原始概念论证文本（Gutenberg缓存）",
          "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/files/72800/72800-h/72800-h.htm"
        },
        {
          "label": "Niels Bohr Institute机构史（公共表述与科学讨论范围）",
          "url": "https://nbi.ku.dk/english/www/institute/history/the_copenhagen_interpretation"
        }
      ],
      "missing": "沿用原采用结果；本轮未重审完整原刊、争议范围或完整预算。",
      "id": "OUT-SL0019-1927-1928-COMPLEMENTARITY-FRAMEWORK",
      "M": "4.9",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "尼尔斯·玻尔",
          "actorId": "SL-0019",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.65"
        },
        {
          "actor": "维尔纳·海森堡",
          "actorId": "SL-0130",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.04"
        },
        {
          "actor": "保罗·狄拉克",
          "actorId": "SL-0021",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.025"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Pascual Jordan",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Pascual Jordan",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.02"
        },
        {
          "actor": "埃尔温·薛定谔",
          "actorId": "SL-0061",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.035"
        },
        {
          "actor": "马克斯·玻恩",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Max Born",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.03"
        },
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.03"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Louis de Broglie",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Louis de Broglie",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.03"
        },
        {
          "actor": "OTHER CONSTITUTIVE QUANTUM ANTECEDENTS",
          "actorId": "POOL:OTHER_CONSTITUTIVE_QUANTUM_ANTECEDENTS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.035"
        },
        {
          "actor": "PUBLICATION LECTURE INSTITUTION",
          "actorId": "POOL:PUBLICATION_LECTURE_INSTITUTION",
          "type": "INSTITUTION",
          "share": "0.02"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "POOL:UNALLOCATED_W2",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.085"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.03",
      "exactLight": "8.425148793793361457305771097465332156049130751312862008823162179169835134410562576091545821201433069",
      "light": "8.425149",
      "standaloneScore": "1.95",
      "lightSharePercent": "0.1159"
    },
    {
      "title": "氦原子谱的交换对称处理",
      "year": "1926",
      "mReason": "完整结果形成了被同行接受并获随后实验支持的多电子原子交换处理，达到广泛专业方法/重要科学结果的M4尺度。它不是完整量子统计、全部原子结构或后世交换力理论，因此不升至全球学科基础的M6–M7。份额与模型假设局限属于a和边界，不在M重复扣减。",
      "aReason": "海森堡45%计两篇共振与二电子论文的直接建模和交付；泡利、玻恩、玻色、爱因斯坦的构成性前史、出版机构和未解析直接输入保留其余预算。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Heisenberg 1926氦原子研究的学术重建",
          "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjh/s13129-026-00127-z"
        }
      ],
      "missing": "两篇1926年原文尚未逐页核读；与氢的正、仲态类比及更广的后世接受仍待正文级核验。",
      "id": "OUT-SL0130-H04",
      "M": "4.0",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "维尔纳·海森堡",
          "actorId": "SL-0130",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.45"
        },
        {
          "actor": "沃尔夫冈·泡利",
          "actorId": "SL-0815",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.10"
        },
        {
          "actor": "马克斯·玻恩",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Max Born",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.03"
        },
        {
          "actor": "萨特延德拉·纳特·玻色",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Satyendra Nath Bose",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.04"
        },
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.04"
        },
        {
          "actor": "原始论文出版机构",
          "actorId": "INSTITUTION:1926-HELIUM-PAPERS-ORIGINAL-PUBLICATION",
          "type": "INSTITUTION",
          "share": "0.02"
        },
        {
          "actor": "尚未分配的直接贡献",
          "actorId": "UNALLOCATED:H04-DIRECT-ATOMIC-AND-EXCHANGE-INPUTS",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.32"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.04",
      "exactLight": "3.96",
      "light": "3.960000",
      "standaloneScore": "1.39",
      "lightSharePercent": "0.0545"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0001-1946-LINCOLN-LECTURE",
      "title": "1946年林肯大学讲演",
      "year": "1946",
      "mReason": "讲演提供了一次有内容的现场知识交流，评为M0.1。现有证据支持局部帮助，尚不足以证明长期教育收益或机构层面的改变。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "林肯大学爱因斯坦档案材料",
          "url": "https://albert.ias.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/7effe284-8e09-497e-88ab-f4ad713cd536/content"
        }
      ],
      "aReason": "爱因斯坦实际讲授占70%；校方邀请和现场组织占20%，既有知识与未识别支持各5%。本项是一次知识交流，不重复计算相对论的科学发现。",
      "M": "0.1",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "actorId": "SL-0001",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.7"
        },
        {
          "actor": "LINCOLN HOST ORGANIZATION",
          "actorId": "LINCOLN_HOST_ORGANIZATION",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.2"
        },
        {
          "actor": "LECTURE EXISTING KNOWLEDGE INPUTS",
          "actorId": "LECTURE_EXISTING_KNOWLEDGE_INPUTS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.05"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "LINCOLN_UNRESOLVED",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.7",
      "exactLight": "0.0854129180113744049137272625345340157056159551523870737115521137190723118803570491596256874852333360",
      "light": "0.085413",
      "standaloneScore": "0.07",
      "lightSharePercent": "0.0012"
    }
  ],
  "exclusions": [],
  "provisionalCount": 1,
  "provenance": {
    "releaseId": "research-200-20260914",
    "baselineLedgerSha256": "8bdd406b3e20ae22357644499e622922c670ff11010df0478c70c23b38902108",
    "c24DeltaSha256": "b0b96144d1d3397e54a61c3d706ff2da5920fe7617e3bef50407149cb97d9d62",
    "generatorSha256": "25de659e9852503508e7c27d8a31773b8da5d6310531b1e3699d18cc94319929"
  },
  "priorScopeNote": "28项已列贡献的研究估分，含1项暂估。账本覆盖有限的主要成果，尚未穷尽生涯。M与归功份额是可修订的评估判断；未覆盖经历和负面影响不按零处理。",
  "rank": 3
}
