{ "uid": "SL-0010", "personId": "galileo", "name": "伽利略·伽利莱", "version": "V2研究贡献账", "updatedAt": "2026-09-15", "displayScore": "6.14", "exactScore": "6.141514034500488501750212230501146303735531986204211405511400630479239248571805183775204727266945262", "totalLight": "1175.947301", "exactTotalLight": "1175.947300848268021993994742419905164092884538257398931747160524034695156788815499806102601693529689", "scopeNote": "本轮当前已列25项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。", "formula": { "q": "Q = 10^(M/2) − 1", "light": "Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ", "total": "L = Σ Lᵢ", "score": "S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L)" }, "items": [ { "id": "OUT-SL0010-1638-ACCELERATED-PROJECTILE-KINEMATICS", "title": "匀加速与抛体复合运动学", "year": "1638", "summary": "伽利略论证了从静止开始的匀加速运动中路程与时间平方的关系，并以水平匀速和竖直匀加速的复合解释理想抛体的抛物线路径。", "mReason": "将运动的定量关系组织成几何论证，为后续力学研究提供方法基础。估值限于匀加速与抛体运动学，不包含后继者建立的整个经典力学体系。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（70.00%）：伽利略交付匀加速与抛体复合运动的几何论证和公开文本。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（70.00%）：伽利略交付匀加速与抛体复合运动的几何论证和公开文本。；几何与力学前史（15.00%）：既有几何和力学知识构成这一论证的前史输入。；出版渠道（5.00%）：印刷和出版过程承担将论证公开交付的制度角色。；未厘清的研究投入（10.00%）：尚未具名的直接研究、材料和实施投入保留为余项。", "overlapNote": "只计 1638 年限定的匀加速和抛体复合终端；不把完整经典动力学、后继理论或其他《两门新科学》成果重复并入。", "sources": [ { "label": "《两门新科学》第三日：匀加速运动", "url": "https://galileoandeinstein.phys.virginia.edu/tns_draft/tns_160to243.html" }, { "label": "《两门新科学》第四日：抛体运动与适用限制", "url": "https://galileoandeinstein.phys.virginia.edu/tns_draft/tns_244to279.html" } ], "missing": "已核读的是明确引用的章节与段落，尚未逐一整理早期几何—力学前史、出版过程及全部后续采用的原始记录。", "M": "5.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.70" }, { "actor": "几何与力学前史", "actorId": "G03-GEOMETRIC-MECHANICAL-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.15" }, { "actor": "出版渠道", "actorId": "G03-PUBLICATION-PROCESS", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.05" }, { "actor": "未厘清的研究投入", "actorId": "G03-UNRESOLVED-INPUTS", "type": 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"url": "https://www.mercaba.es/renacimiento/escritos_menores_de_galileo.pdf" } ], "missing": "全部制图、印刷和协助动作尚未解析；卡斯泰利的完整责任与具名身份链仍待史料补充。", "M": "5.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.65" }, { "actor": "贝内代托·卡斯泰利", "actorId": "BENEDETTO_CASTELLI", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.15" }, { "actor": "望远镜、镜片与观测前史", "actorId": "G09-TELESCOPE_LENS_AND_OBSERVATIONAL_PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.07" }, { "actor": "太阳与天文观察传统", "actorId": "G09-PRIOR_SOLAR_AND_ASTRONOMICAL_OBSERVATION_TRADITIONS", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.03" }, { "actor": "公开争辩、制图、印刷与传播", "actorId": "G09-PUBLIC_ARGUMENT_ENGRAVING_PRINT_AND_CIRCULATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.05" }, { "actor": "未厘清的观测与制作投入", "actorId": "G09-UNRESOLVED_INPUTS", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.05" } ], "status": "已纳入研究估分", "share": "0.65", "exactLight": "204.8980479109446565799280803881267046917710840561390937457378154315186385115504843873761270446545192", "light": "204.898048", "standaloneScore": "4.63", "lightSharePercent": "17.4241" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0010-G15-BOUNDED-RESEARCH-RESULT", "title": "金星相位与视径变化的观测证据", "year": "1610—1611", "summary": "金星相位、未来晨星相位的预测和视径变化被连接为可检验的行星构型证据；开普勒转刊并讨论其中的反射光解释。", "mReason": "观测序列与预测、视径变化共同构成模型鉴别的国际公开证据，并有开普勒的同时代接续；判断不延伸到整个太阳系理论。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（60.00%）：完成观测、预测与构型论证的公开交付。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（60.00%）：完成观测、预测与构型论证的公开交付。；几何天文学前史（15.00%）：既有几何天文学为构型推断提供前史。；光学与仪器支持（10.00%）：光学与仪器条件支持观测实施。；出版与传播（5.00%）：书信转刊和传播使证据进入国际讨论。；含卡斯泰利角色在内的未闭合投入（10.00%）：卡斯泰利及其他未核清协助者的具体输入保留待审。", "overlapNote": "相位、前言、书信与开普勒接续属同一证据链；与1610观测组合分开，不逐段重复计入。", "sources": [ { "label": "《星际信使》合订英文转录中的开普勒信件与回应", "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/46036/pg46036-images.html" }, { "label": "Palmieri：金星相位发现的史学研究", "url": "https://sites.pitt.edu/~pap7/galileo%20and%20the%20discovery%20of%20the%20phases%20of%20Venus.pdf" } ], "missing": "观测与卡斯泰利提问的因果关系仍待史料扩充；未逐次重建全部观测。", "M": "5.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.60" }, { "actor": "几何天文学前史", "actorId": "G15-GEOMETRICAL_ASTRONOMY_PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.15" }, { "actor": "光学与仪器支持", "actorId": "G15-OPTICS_AND_INSTRUMENT_SUPPORT", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.10" }, { "actor": "出版与传播", "actorId": "G15-PUBLICATION_AND_CIRCULATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.05" }, { "actor": "含卡斯泰利角色在内的未闭合投入", "actorId": "G15-UNRESOLVED_INPUTS_INCLUDING_CASTELLI_ROLE", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.10" } ], "status": "已纳入研究估分", "share": "0.60", "exactLight": "189.1366596101027599199336126659631120231733083595130096114502911675556663183542932806548865027580177", "light": "189.136660", "standaloneScore": "4.56", "lightSharePercent": "16.0838" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0010-STARRY-MESSENGER-TELESCOPIC-OBSERVATION-COMBINATION", "title": "《星际信使》的月面、星群与木卫观测组合", "year": "1610", "summary": "伽利略利用望远镜报告月面起伏、星群中的众多恒星，以及木星卫星的连续位置变化，并通过图示与推理公开这些观测。", "mReason": "跨观测对象的可复查图示与推断形成公开知识方法，并有 1611 年开普勒序文所示的具体接续；判断限于这一观察组合的国际专业意义。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（60.00%）：伽利略完成并公开月面、星群和木卫的观察、图示与推断组合。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（60.00%）：伽利略完成并公开月面、星群和木卫的观察、图示与推断组合。；荷兰望远镜技术前史（10.00%）：荷兰望远镜的先行构造是伽利略再制与改进的明确技术前史。；镜片工坊与材料支持（8.00%）：镜片制作、工坊与仪器材料为观测实施提供直接支持。；既有月面恒星与行星观测（7.00%）：既有月面、恒星与行星观察传统构成解释和比较的前史。；插图印刷与出版参与者（6.00%）：插图、印刷、审阅与出版使观察成为可传播的公共记录。；未厘清的观测投入（9.00%）：未核清的其他直接观察和实施投入保留为余项。", "overlapNote": "月面、星群与木卫观测合为同一 1610 公开组合；后续木卫周期表、太阳黑子和金星相位另列，望远镜改进不另作通用仪器成果。", "sources": [ { "label": "《星际信使》英文转录及开普勒 1611 序文节选", "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/46036/pg46036-images.html" } ], "missing": "尚未逐条复验全部观测日志、图像与参数；作者记录本身不足以证明独占优先权。", "M": "5.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.60" }, { "actor": "荷兰望远镜技术前史", "actorId": "GALILEO-STARRY-MESSENGER-TELESCOPIC-OBSERVATION-COMBINATION::DUTCH_SPYGLASS_INVENTION_PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.10" }, { "actor": "镜片工坊与材料支持", "actorId": "GALILEO-STARRY-MESSENGER-TELESCOPIC-OBSERVATION-COMBINATION::LENSMAKERS_WORKSHOP_AND_INSTRUMENT_MATERIAL_SUPPORT", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.08" }, { "actor": "既有月面恒星与行星观测", "actorId": "GALILEO-STARRY-MESSENGER-TELESCOPIC-OBSERVATION-COMBINATION::PRIOR_LUNAR_STELLAR_AND_PLANETARY_OBSERVATION_TRADITION", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.07" }, { "actor": "插图印刷与出版参与者", "actorId": "GALILEO-STARRY-MESSENGER-TELESCOPIC-OBSERVATION-COMBINATION::ILLUSTRATION_PRINT_REVIEW_AND_PUBLICATION_PROCESS", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.06" }, { "actor": "未厘清的观测投入", "actorId": "GALILEO-STARRY-MESSENGER-TELESCOPIC-OBSERVATION-COMBINATION::UNKNOWN_RESIDUAL_STARRY_MESSENGER_OBSERVATIONS", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.09" } ], "status": "已纳入研究估分", "share": "0.60", "exactLight": "189.1366596101027599199336126659631120231733083595130096114502911675556663183542932806548865027580177", "light": "189.136660", "standaloneScore": "4.56", "lightSharePercent": "16.0838" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0010-G10-BOUNDED-RESEARCH-RESULT", "title": "封闭船舱中的共同运动论证", "year": "1632", "summary": "《对话》以平稳匀速航行的船为例，论证船舱内共同运动的空气、滴水和抛掷等现象，不能单凭内部表现区分整体匀速运动与静止。", "mReason": "共同运动的论证持续进入参照系与运动问题的讨论，体现重要理论方法价值；不包含现代全部惯性系定律或后继物理学体系。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（55.00%）：伽利略组织船舱与落体等例子，阐明共同运动的条件，并通过《对话》公开论证其对地静论据的限制。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（55.00%）：伽利略组织船舱与落体等例子，阐明共同运动的条件，并通过《对话》公开论证其对地静论据的限制。；共同运动论与天文学前驱（15.00%）：共同运动问题承接此前的运动论与天文学讨论，为论证提供问题和概念前史；并不等于这些前驱完成了伽利略的具体表达。；《对话》出版与传播（5.00%）：印刷、编辑和传播使论证进入公开讨论，承担有限的知识交付责任，不领取论证内容的作者信用。；尚未核清的共同运动论证输入（25.00%）：前驱细节、通信、编辑协助及其他直接输入尚未完整核清，保留未分配份额；不把未具名投入伪装成已证实的外部团队。", "overlapNote": "滴水、抛掷、跳跃和飞行等例子合为同一共同运动论证。它讨论内部观测能否判别整体运动，与匀加速和抛体轨迹关系所回答的问题不同；不再按整部《对话》或整套日心说重复计量。", "sources": [ { "label": "圣安德鲁斯大学：伽利略《对话》译文节选", "url": "https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Extras/Galileo_Dialogue/" }, { "label": "加州大学圣迭戈分校：封闭船舱论证译文节选", "url": "https://mcgreevy.physics.ucsd.edu/do-not-mess-with-galileo.html" }, { "label": "Sebastián Murgueitio Ramírez关于伽利略相对性论证的研究", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nous.12524" } ], "missing": "当前核读的是《对话》译文节选与后续论文的摘要、历史论证窗口，尚未对勘完整原版、全部前驱和后继直接借用链；不声称已复核后续论文的完整证明。", "M": "5.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".55" }, { "actor": "共同运动论与天文学前驱", "actorId": "G10-COMMON-MOTION-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".15" }, { "actor": "《对话》出版与传播", "actorId": "G10-PUBLICATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": ".05" }, { "actor": "尚未核清的共同运动论证输入", "actorId": "G10-UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".25" } ], "status": "已纳入研究估分", "share": "0.55", "exactLight": "173.3752713092608632599391449437995193545755326628869254771627669035926941251581021739336459608615162", "light": "173.375271", "standaloneScore": "4.48", "lightSharePercent": "14.7435" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0010-G04-BOUNDED-RESEARCH-RESULT", "title": "构件尺寸、承载与自重比例", "year": "1638", "summary": "伽利略在控制强度的条件下讨论几何相似构件的尺寸、承载与自重比例，形成可公开核对的限定力学知识。", "mReason": "有效的比例关系是持续成立的专业力学知识；判断限于有效终端，不采用历史上错误的绝对式。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（65.00%）：提出并公开相关比例论证。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（65.00%）：提出并公开相关比例论证。；几何与杠杆知识前史（20.00%）：几何与杠杆知识构成直接前史。；出版过程（5.00%）：出版使论证成为公开可检验知识。；未具名直接投入（10.00%）：未具名的计算、材料和实施投入仍待核实。", "overlapNote": "只计控制强度条件下的比例知识，不将其他《两门新科学》运动学或后世梁理论并入。", "sources": [ { "label": "MIT：伽利略强度命题的历史式与现代梁理论比较", "url": "https://web.mit.edu/llbjr/Public/www/mods/Galileo_Commentary_PropIEx2.html" }, { "label": "Huerta：伽利略强度研究论文", "url": "https://gab.wallawalla.edu/~larry.aamodt/honr310/HUERTA_ART_2006_01A.pdf" } ], "missing": "尚缺该有效比例知识的具体后续使用、教学或独立发展记录；错误应用造成的损失未量化。", "M": "3.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.65" }, { "actor": "几何与杠杆知识前史", "actorId": "G04-GEOMETRIC-LEVER-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.20" }, { "actor": "出版过程", "actorId": "G04-PUBLICATION-PROCESS", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.05" }, { "actor": "未具名直接投入", "actorId": "G04-UNRESOLVED-INPUTS", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.10" } ], "status": "缺证暂估", "share": "0.65", "exactLight": "19.90480479109446565799280803881267046917710840561390937457378154315186385115504843873761270446545192", "light": "19.904805", "standaloneScore": "2.64", "lightSharePercent": "1.6927" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0010-G06-BOUNDED-RESEARCH-RESULT", "title": "木星卫星周期估计与天文表知识", "year": "1611 年后", "summary": "伽利略在木卫发现后持续整理近似周期和相应天文表，并经西班牙与荷兰提案序列提供这些知识。", "mReason": "系统研究、表格整理和多次提出构成多年专业知识交付；不等同于被接受的海上经度系统或精确现代星历。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（65.00%）：已核记录将系统研究、表格和提案归于伽利略。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（65.00%）：已核记录将系统研究、表格和提案归于伽利略。；天文与光学知识前史（10.00%）：木卫既有观测及天文、光学输入是表格链的前提。；提案交付与传播（5.00%）：跨国提案、交付和传播使表格知识进入专业交流。；未具名直接投入（20.00%）：表格编制、资料传递与协助者的其他投入尚未厘清。", "overlapNote": "与1610木卫发现组合和摆调时钟设计分开；不把未获接受的海上经度部署或现代星历并入。", "sources": [ { "label": "伽利略博物馆：伽利略确定经度的方法", "url": "https://catalogue.museogalileo.it/indepth/GalileanMethodForDeterminingLongitude.html" }, { "label": "《星际信使》英文转录：木卫观测序列", "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/46036/pg46036-images.html" } ], "missing": "所选历史译本的第二卫星速率与周期存在实质内部不一致；实际受用者、专业采用和后续表格谱系尚未汇编。", "M": "3.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.65" }, { "actor": "天文与光学知识前史", "actorId": "G06-ASTRONOMICAL-AND-OPTICAL-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.10" }, { "actor": "提案交付与传播", "actorId": "G06-PROPOSAL-DELIVERY-AND-CIRCULATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.05" }, { "actor": "未具名直接投入", "actorId": "G06-UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.20" } ], "status": "缺证暂估", "share": "0.65", "exactLight": "19.90480479109446565799280803881267046917710840561390937457378154315186385115504843873761270446545192", "light": "19.904805", "standaloneScore": "2.64", "lightSharePercent": "1.6927" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0010-G16-BOUNDED-RESEARCH-RESULT", "title": "摆动周期与重复计时的方法", "year": "1602年起", "summary": "伽利略研究摆动周期，将小幅或受控摆幅下近似等周期的现象用于时间间隔比较。", "mReason": "有条件的摆动规律提供可操作的计时知识；不将近似规律写成任意摆幅下的严格等时性。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（65.00%）：承担摆动研究与计时知识的解释。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（65.00%）：承担摆动研究与计时知识的解释。；摆动观测与数学前史（15.00%）：既有观测、几何与测量知识提供研究前提。；通信传播渠道（5.00%）：书信和传播使相关知识进入交流。；未厘清的实验与知识投入（15.00%）：其余实验与知识形成投入待厘清。", "overlapNote": "与1641年摆钟设计分开，不计惠更斯的实用摆钟或圣托里奥的临床实施。", "sources": [ { "label": "莱斯大学：摆与计时", "url": "https://galileo.library.rice.edu/sci/instruments/pendulum.html" }, { "label": "伽利略博物馆：摆的等时性", "url": "https://catalogue.museogalileo.it/indepth/IsochronismPendulum.html" } ], "missing": "1602年原信尚未完整核读；当时数学证明的范围与具体采用史仍待补充。", "M": "3.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.65" }, { "actor": "摆动观测与数学前史", "actorId": "G16-PENDULUM-OBSERVATION-AND-MATHEMATICAL-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.15" }, { "actor": "通信传播渠道", "actorId": "G16-CORRESPONDENCE-AND-TRANSMISSION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.05" }, { "actor": "未厘清的实验与知识投入", "actorId": "G16-UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.15" } ], "status": "缺证暂估", "share": "0.65", "exactLight": "19.90480479109446565799280803881267046917710840561390937457378154315186385115504843873761270446545192", "light": "19.904805", "standaloneScore": "2.64", "lightSharePercent": "1.6927" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0010-G02-BOUNDED-RESEARCH-RESULT", "title": "几何比例规及使用教学", "year": "1606年刊行说明", "summary": "伽利略将比例计算用于几何与军事比例规，提供器物、使用说明和口授示范，马佐莱尼参与标准化制作。", "mReason": "器物制作、说明与教学形成实际交付，并有后续译刊传播；归功不包含几何比例或所有比例规的发明。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（55.00%）：承担工具方法组织、说明与教学。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（55.00%）：承担工具方法组织、说明与教学。；马尔坎托尼奥·马佐莱尼（20.00%）：承担器物的标准化制作。；几何与仪器前史（15.00%）：既有几何和比例规提供方法与器物前提。；出版传播机构（5.00%）：承担说明书出版与流通。；未厘清的制作与教学投入（5.00%）：其他制作、示范及协助投入尚未逐一厘清。", "overlapNote": "器物、手写说明、印刷说明及示范合并，不按每种操作另行累计。", "sources": [ { "label": "伽利略博物馆：1606年比例规著作", "url": "https://www2.museogalileo.it/it/biblioteca-e-istituto-di-ricerca/progetti/incontra-galileo/31-opere/452-le-operazioni-del-compasso-geometrico-e-militare-1606.html" }, { "label": "比例规使用说明：致读者", "url": "https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Le_operazioni_del_compasso_geometrico_e_militare/A_i_discreti_lettori" } ], "missing": "尚未核对全部原版图示、制造流程和后续译刊；作者的优先权陈述不等于独立确证。", "M": "3.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.55" }, { "actor": "马尔坎托尼奥·马佐莱尼", "actorId": "MARCANTONIO_MAZZOLENI", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.20" }, { "actor": "几何与仪器前史", "actorId": "G02-GEOMETRICAL_AND_INSTRUMENTAL_PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.15" }, { "actor": "出版传播机构", "actorId": "G02-PUBLICATION_AND_CIRCULATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.05" }, { "actor": "未厘清的制作与教学投入", "actorId": "G02-UNRESOLVED_INPUTS", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.05" } ], "status": "已纳入研究估分", "share": "0.55", "exactLight": "16.84252713092608632599391449437995193545755326628869254771627669035926941251581021739336459608615162", "light": "16.842527", "standaloneScore": "2.50", "lightSharePercent": "1.4323" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0010-G08-BOUNDED-RESEARCH-RESULT", "title": "浮沉问题的控制比较论证", "year": "1612", "summary": "伽利略在浮沉问题中区分密度、形状与运动快慢，并以改变蜡体形状和微调重量的叙述进行控制比较。", "mReason": "正确限定的控制比较与持续答辩、传递链构成专业知识终端；它不重新发明阿基米德浮力原理。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（55.00%）：提出并公开控制比较及问题辨析。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（55.00%）：提出并公开控制比较及问题辨析。；贝内代托·卡斯泰利（10.00%）：参与相关答辩与传递链。；阿基米德静水学前史（25.00%）：阿基米德浮体证明是明确承认的前史。；出版过程（5.00%）：出版使论证进入公开讨论。；未具名直接投入（5.00%）：实验实施及其他协助者未完整具名。", "overlapNote": "只计密度、形状与运动快慢的限定比较；不把阿基米德静水学或后世表面张力理论合并。", "sources": [ { "label": "《论漂浮物体》Salusbury 英译转录", "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/37729/pg37729-images.html" } ], "missing": "未汇编后世教学和工程使用；水面薄片及空气接触的历史解释不能作为完整现代界面理论。", "M": "3.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".55" }, { "actor": "贝内代托·卡斯泰利", "actorId": "BENEDETTO_CASTELLI", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".10" }, { "actor": "阿基米德静水学前史", "actorId": "G08-ARCHIMEDEAN-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".25" }, { "actor": "出版过程", "actorId": "G08-PUBLICATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": ".05" }, { "actor": "未具名直接投入", "actorId": "G08-UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".05" } ], "status": "已纳入研究估分", "share": "0.55", "exactLight": "16.84252713092608632599391449437995193545755326628869254771627669035926941251581021739336459608615162", "light": "16.842527", "standaloneScore": "2.50", "lightSharePercent": "1.4323" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0010-G13-BOUNDED-RESEARCH-RESULT", "title": "机械优势与运动距离代价", "year": "1590年代—1634", "summary": "伽利略系统解释机械优势中力与运动距离的代价关系，并以教学与证明文本交付该机械学知识。", "mReason": "手稿和后续译刊的实际传递使其成为持续的专业机械学知识；评价不以文本存在本身替代影响。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（55.00%）：交付机械优势、力与距离代价的系统解释。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（55.00%）：交付机械优势、力与距离代价的系统解释。；阿基米德与机械学前史（25.00%）：阿基米德与既有机械知识构成前史。；手稿、翻译与出版参与者（10.00%）：手稿、翻译和出版使教学文本得以传递。；未具名直接投入（10.00%）：未具名的编辑、抄写和证明投入尚待核实。", "overlapNote": "机械教学与证明按一项处理；不把编辑新增内容或完整后世力学并入。", "sources": [ { "label": "Gatto：伽利略早期机械学研究", "url": "https://fundacionorotava.org/media/web/files/page145__cap_02_03_Gatto.pdf" }, { "label": "《机械学》意大利文转录", "url": "https://galilei.letteraturaoperaomnia.org/galilei_le_mecaniche.html" } ], "missing": "未对勘全部手稿和证明，亦未核清 Mersenne 的新增内容。", "M": "3.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".55" }, { "actor": "阿基米德与机械学前史", "actorId": "G13-ARCHIMEDEAN-AND-MECHANICAL-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".25" }, { "actor": "手稿、翻译与出版参与者", "actorId": "G13-TRANSLATION-MANUSCRIPT-AND-PUBLICATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": ".10" }, { "actor": "未具名直接投入", "actorId": "G13-UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".10" } ], "status": "已纳入研究估分", "share": "0.55", "exactLight": "16.84252713092608632599391449437995193545755326628869254771627669035926941251581021739336459608615162", "light": "16.842527", "standaloneScore": "2.50", "lightSharePercent": "1.4323" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0010-G17-BOUNDED-RESEARCH-RESULT", "title": "静水天平与合金比例测定", "year": "1586年构思；1644年刊本", "summary": "《小天平》通过金属在空气与水中的称量、配重位移以及纯金属参照位置，推求合金组成比例。", "mReason": "文本给出具体称量与比较程序，并有布拉蒂尼1645年改进的技术接续；不据此推断广泛工业收益。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（55.00%）：提出并说明具体程序与天平配置。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（55.00%）：提出并说明具体程序与天平配置。；阿基米德静水与杠杆知识（25.00%）：为方法提供明确依赖的静水与杠杆原理。；文本出版与技术传递（10.00%）：承担身后文本出版及技术传递，不认定生前已广泛流通。；未厘清的制作与传递投入（10.00%）：具体制作与传递的其他投入待厘清。", "overlapNote": "这项材料测量方法与1612年浮沉论证分开，不重复领取阿基米德浮力原理。", "sources": [ { "label": "《小天平》意大利文转录", "url": "https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/La_bilancetta" }, { "label": "伽利略博物馆：布拉蒂尼与静水天平改进", "url": "https://catalogue.museogalileo.it/biography/TitoLivioBurattini.html" } ], "missing": "已读转录标注1644年，并非1586年手稿；生前传播、实际测量精度和用户范围未确认。", "M": "3.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.55" }, { "actor": "阿基米德静水与杠杆知识", "actorId": "G17-ARCHIMEDEAN-HYDROSTATIC-AND-LEVER-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.25" }, { "actor": "文本出版与技术传递", "actorId": "G17-MANUSCRIPT-TECHNICAL-TRANSMISSION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.10" }, { "actor": "未厘清的制作与传递投入", "actorId": "G17-UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.10" } ], "status": "缺证暂估", "share": "0.55", "exactLight": "16.84252713092608632599391449437995193545755326628869254771627669035926941251581021739336459608615162", "light": "16.842527", "standaloneScore": "2.50", "lightSharePercent": "1.4323" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0010-G18-BOUNDED-RESEARCH-RESULT", "title": "物体结构属性与感觉性质的区分", "year": "1623", "summary": "《试金者》区分形状、大小、位置、运动和数目等可量化属性，与需要感觉主体参与的颜色、味道、气味等性质，并尝试以机械过程解释感觉。", "mReason": "这是一组具有论证、思想实验与解释方向的自然哲学内容，持续成为知觉哲学的研究对象；不认定独占起源。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（55.00%）：承担具体论证、思想实验及解释综合。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（55.00%）：承担具体论证、思想实验及解释综合。；古代与近代早期物质及感觉理论（20.00%）：保留原子论等背景输入，不虚构单一确定的传承者。；《试金者》出版与论争传播（5.00%）：承担论证的文本出版与传播。；未厘清的思想与写作投入（20.00%）：写作、论争交流和知识来源中的其他投入待厘清。", "overlapNote": "与数学语言的方法论表述分开，不将后来的全部知觉理论归入。", "sources": [ { "label": "斯坦福哲学百科：第一性质与第二性质，2.1—2.3节", "url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qualities-prim-sec/" } ], "missing": "现依据学术论述及引文，未完整核读1623年意大利文原作；通向具名后继哲学家的直接传承尚未确认。", "M": "3.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.55" }, { "actor": "古代与近代早期物质及感觉理论", "actorId": "G18-ANCIENT-AND-EARLY_MODERN-MATTER-AND-SENSE-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.20" }, { "actor": "《试金者》出版与论争传播", "actorId": "G18-ASSAYER-PUBLICATION-AND-POLEMICAL-CIRCULATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.05" }, { "actor": "未厘清的思想与写作投入", "actorId": "G18-UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.20" } ], "status": "缺证暂估", "share": "0.55", "exactLight": "16.84252713092608632599391449437995193545755326628869254771627669035926941251581021739336459608615162", "light": "16.842527", "standaloneScore": "2.50", "lightSharePercent": "1.4323" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0010-G21-BOUNDED-RESEARCH-RESULT", "title": "自然数与平方数的无限比较问题", "year": "1638", "summary": "伽利略将自然数与它们的平方一一配对，呈现无限集合中整体与部分比较的困难。", "mReason": "具体问题持续用于课程与数学哲学研究；贡献在问题与论证的呈现，不等于已经建立现代集合论。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（55.00%）：承担一一配对论证与问题呈现。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（55.00%）：承担一一配对论证与问题呈现。；算术与整体部分比较前史（25.00%）：既有算术和有限整体部分比较提供问题前提。；文本出版与教学渠道（5.00%）：承担文本传播与教学渠道作用。；未厘清的知识投入（15.00%）：其他知识形成与传递投入待厘清。", "overlapNote": "原始论证合为一项，不领取康托尔或后继者的集合论成果。", "sources": [ { "label": "《两门新科学》第一日：自然数与平方数", "url": "https://galileoandeinstein.phys.virginia.edu/tns_draft/tns_001to061.html" }, { "label": "圣母大学课程：无限问题，第14—16页", "url": "https://www3.nd.edu/~jspeaks/courses/2013-14/20229/lectures/1.pdf" }, { "label": "2021年关于该问题的数学哲学研究摘要", "url": "https://zfn.edu.pl/index.php/zfn/article/view/527" } ], "missing": "现有接续材料包括课程和研究摘要，未穷尽后续影响；不能把历史上的不可比较判断当作现代定理。", "M": "3.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".55" }, { "actor": "算术与整体部分比较前史", "actorId": "G21-MATHEMATICAL-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".25" }, { "actor": "文本出版与教学渠道", "actorId": "G21-PUBLICATION-TEACHING", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": ".05" }, { "actor": "未厘清的知识投入", "actorId": "G21-UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".15" } ], "status": "已纳入研究估分", "share": "0.55", "exactLight": "16.84252713092608632599391449437995193545755326628869254771627669035926941251581021739336459608615162", "light": "16.842527", "standaloneScore": "2.50", "lightSharePercent": "1.4323" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0010-G12-BOUNDED-RESEARCH-RESULT", "title": "自然知识争议中的经文解释与证据要求", "year": "1613—1636", "summary": "伽利略在书信中区分经文与解释者的判断，主张经文无误不等于字面解释无误，并讨论自然知识争议中的事实证据要求。", "mReason": "1992年的正式神学讨论仍具体引用和辨析这条论证，支持持续的专业知识贡献；不等于独自造成现代释经或宗教机构改革。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（50.00%）：伽利略组织书信中的释经区分、事实证据要求与论证限定，将其用于具体的自然知识争议。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（50.00%）：伽利略组织书信中的释经区分、事实证据要求与论证限定，将其用于具体的自然知识争议。；贝内代托·卡斯泰利（10.00%）：卡斯泰利作为1613年书信讨论与交流的参与者，在这条论证形成和传递中保留有限份额；不据此认定其共同撰写了后来的整封书信。；既有释经与神学传统（20.00%）：奥古斯丁等既有释经和神学传统提供前驱论证资源，不能把解释原则全部视为伽利略独创。；书信传递与印刷流通（5.00%）：书信传递、印刷与流通承担将论证保存并交付给后续读者的有限责任，不因多次传播重复计量。；尚未核清的通信与接受输入（15.00%）：通信协助、编辑、受众与接受链的具体分工尚未完整核清，保留未分配份额，不默认由作者吸收。", "overlapNote": "1613年的讨论、1615年的书信论证及1636年首印按同一有限论证链处理，不因手稿和印本年份分拆。书信援引的天文学证据不在本项重复计量，受迫害经历本身也不作为正向成果加分。", "sources": [ { "label": "《伽利略小著作》西班牙语译本：致克里斯蒂娜大公夫人信相关段落", "url": "https://www.mercaba.es/renacimiento/escritos_menores_de_galileo.pdf" }, { "label": "宗座科学院：若望保禄二世1992年关于伽利略问题的讲话", "url": "https://www.pas.va/en/magisterium/saint-john-paul-ii/1992-31-october.html" } ], "missing": "1992年讲话直接引用1613年书信，并具名讨论1615年书信，不能说成逐字引用了后者。当前未闭合全部通信、编辑、受众与制度影响链，也不宣称这一论证独自导致现代释经或宗教改革。", "M": "3.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".50" }, { "actor": "贝内代托·卡斯泰利", "actorId": "BENEDETTO_CASTELLI", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".10" }, { "actor": "既有释经与神学传统", "actorId": "G12-HERMENEUTIC-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".20" }, { "actor": "书信传递与印刷流通", "actorId": "G12-PUBLICATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": ".05" }, { "actor": "尚未核清的通信与接受输入", "actorId": "G12-UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".15" } ], "status": "已纳入研究估分", "share": "0.50", "exactLight": "15.31138830084189665999446772216359266859777569662608413428752426396297219319619110672124054189650148", "light": "15.311388", "standaloneScore": "2.42", "lightSharePercent": "1.3020" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0010-G19-BOUNDED-RESEARCH-RESULT", "title": "近物观察仪器的交付与说明", "year": "1624", "summary": "伽利略寄给切西一件观察微小物体的仪器，说明距离、调节与照明方法，并报告对昆虫的观察。", "mReason": "信件支持实际交付、具体操作和观察对象；评价限于早期学术团体内的专业观察支持。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（65.00%）：承担仪器寄送、操作说明与具名观察记录。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（65.00%）：承担仪器寄送、操作说明与具名观察记录。；林琴学院通信与观察环境（15.00%）：学术通信、观察交流及出版环境支持交付后的专业使用。；光学仪器前史（10.00%）：望远镜与近物光学提供既有技术前提。；未厘清的器物与交付投入（10.00%）：镜片、器物与交付中的其他投入待厘清。", "overlapNote": "不主张独占显微镜发明，不将后续每幅图像或全部显微研究并入。", "sources": [ { "label": "1624年9月23日致切西信转录", "url": "https://www.bayes.it/Archivio/Appunti/1624_LodG.pdf" }, { "label": "伽利略博物馆：显微镜历史", "url": "https://www2.museogalileo.it/images/impara/online/video_storia_scienza/testo_microscopio.pdf" } ], "missing": "未独立校勘信件底本，也没有器物证据确认该仪器的存世与性能；与1625年各幅图像的因果关系未厘清。", "M": "2.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.65" }, { "actor": "林琴学院通信与观察环境", "actorId": "G19-LINCEI-CORRESPONDENCE-OBSERVATION-AND-PRINT-CONTEXT", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.15" }, { "actor": "光学仪器前史", "actorId": "G19-OPTICAL-INSTRUMENT-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.10" }, { "actor": "未厘清的器物与交付投入", "actorId": "G19-UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.10" } ], "status": "已纳入研究估分", "share": "0.65", "exactLight": "5.85", "light": "5.850000", "standaloneScore": "1.67", "lightSharePercent": "0.4975" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0010-G20-BOUNDED-RESEARCH-RESULT", "title": "振动频率与音高的实验论证", "year": "1638", "summary": "伽利略通过周期性划痕等观察，把振动快慢与音高联系起来，并讨论音程比例。", "mReason": "具体观察形成可重复讨论的声学知识，后来被丁达尔用于教学解释；不扩写为完整现代声学。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（50.00%）：承担周期性观察与音高关系的论证。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（50.00%）：承担周期性观察与音高关系的论证。；音乐与音程知识前史（20.00%）：音乐比例知识提供比较与解释的前史。；机械材料与观察前提（10.00%）：已有机械和材料知识支持实验现象的产生与理解。；文本传播机构（5.00%）：承担文本出版与知识传递。；未厘清的观察与交流投入（15.00%）：其他观察、交流及材料输入待厘清。", "overlapNote": "相关振动观察与音程论证合并，不另计后世轮齿实验或全部声学理论。", "sources": [ { "label": "《两门新科学》第一日：摆动与声音段落", "url": "https://galileoandeinstein.phys.virginia.edu/tns_draft/tns_061to108.html" }, { "label": "丁达尔《声音》：周期冲击的说明", "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54969/54969-h/54969-h.htm" } ], "missing": "现有接续证据是具名教学实例，未完成全部传播史调查；和谐感的生理解释不在此项。", "M": "2.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".50" }, { "actor": "音乐与音程知识前史", "actorId": "G20-MUSIC-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".20" }, { "actor": "机械材料与观察前提", "actorId": "G20-MECHANICAL-RESOURCES", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".10" }, { "actor": "文本传播机构", "actorId": "G20-TRANSMISSION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": ".05" }, { "actor": "未厘清的观察与交流投入", "actorId": "G20-UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".15" } ], "status": "已纳入研究估分", "share": "0.50", "exactLight": "4.50", "light": "4.500000", "standaloneScore": "1.48", "lightSharePercent": "0.3827" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0010-G22-BOUNDED-RESEARCH-RESULT", "title": "立体与截体重心的几何研究", "year": "早期研究及后续交流", "summary": "伽利略研究立体和截体的重心，通过几何证明与同时代学者交流相关结果。", "mReason": "明确的证明内容、送阅讨论和后来的手稿研究支持有限学术方法贡献；不归入全部积分或工业应用。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（50.00%）：承担具体证明与组织。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（50.00%）：承担具体证明与组织。；阿基米德与科曼迪诺等几何前史（30.00%）：提供继承的几何基础。；圭多巴尔多·德尔·蒙特（10.00%）：参与有记录的引理审理与证明交流。；出版与传递渠道（5.00%）：承担结果出版与传递。；未厘清的证明输入（5.00%）：其他证明形成与交流投入待厘清。", "overlapNote": "相关证明和交流合并，不按引理、书信或重刊次数累计。", "sources": [ { "label": "Bellé与Sisana：重心证明手稿研究，2022", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00407-022-00289-4" } ], "missing": "早期引理曾受质疑，尚未逐式验算全部证明，不能宣称整体已满足现代严格性。", "M": "2.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".50" }, { "actor": "阿基米德与科曼迪诺等几何前史", "actorId": "G22-GEOMETRIC-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".30" }, { "actor": "圭多巴尔多·德尔·蒙特", "actorId": "GUIDOBALDO-DAL-MONTE", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".10" }, { "actor": "出版与传递渠道", "actorId": "G22-PUBLICATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": ".05" }, { "actor": "未厘清的证明输入", "actorId": "G22-UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".05" } ], "status": "缺证暂估", "share": "0.50", "exactLight": "4.50", "light": "4.500000", "standaloneScore": "1.48", "lightSharePercent": "0.3827" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0010-G11-BOUNDED-RESEARCH-RESULT", "title": "《试金者》中的数学自然观", "year": "1623", "summary": "《试金者》把观察、推理与数学联系起来，以数学语言说明自然研究的可理解性。", "mReason": "原作方法表达及后来的具体学术再分析支持有限研究知识价值；不能将全部现代数学科学的成果归入。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（45.00%）：伽利略在公开论战中组织并写出观察、推理与数学相互联系的方法论表达；其错误彗星解释不包含在所评成果中。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（45.00%）：伽利略在公开论战中组织并写出观察、推理与数学相互联系的方法论表达；其错误彗星解释不包含在所评成果中。；数学自然哲学前驱（25.00%）：古典及文艺复兴时期的数学自然哲学、观察与推理传统构成概念前史，保留其对本项表达的输入责任。；《试金者》出版与论战传播（5.00%）：印刷、编辑与论战流通使文本成为可讨论的公开知识，承担有限传播责任。；尚未核清的方法论表达输入（25.00%）：对手文本、交流、编辑及数学实践输入尚未逐项落实，保留未分配份额，不把不清楚的群体写成已核实的共同作者。", "overlapNote": "方法论表达作为一项有限的文本论证计量，不另计名言、再版或整部论战的声望；不重复领取力学定律、天文发现与后继科学制度的成果。", "sources": [ { "label": "《伽利略小著作》西班牙语译本：《试金者》相关段落", "url": "https://www.mercaba.es/renacimiento/escritos_menores_de_galileo.pdf" }, { "label": "加州大学eScholarship：比亚焦利研究的作者摘要与元数据", "url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5352s57b" } ], "missing": "已读《试金者》的局部译文，以及后续研究的作者摘要；后续论文全文未取得。尚无已核实的课程实施或广泛方法采用记录。", "M": "2.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".45" }, { "actor": "数学自然哲学前驱", "actorId": "G11-MATHEMATICAL-PHILOSOPHY-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".25" }, { "actor": "《试金者》出版与论战传播", "actorId": "G11-PUBLICATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": ".05" }, { "actor": "尚未核清的方法论表达输入", "actorId": "G11-UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".25" } ], "status": "已纳入研究估分", "share": "0.45", "exactLight": "4.05", "light": "4.050000", "standaloneScore": "1.41", "lightSharePercent": "0.3444" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0010-G05-BOUNDED-RESEARCH-RESULT", "title": "定性验温器实验设计", "year": "1597（经后世记述）", "summary": "倒置长颈玻璃器皿置于水中，受热或冷却时水位可见变化，展示温度相关的空气密度变化。", "mReason": "这是可重复描述的局部实验演示；现有材料未显示校准、标准化或广泛专业传播。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（70.00%）：博物馆记录将设计归于伽利略，但不构成独占优先权判断。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（70.00%）：博物馆记录将设计归于伽利略，但不构成独占优先权判断。；玻璃制作与实验材料支持（10.00%）：玻璃容器、水和实验制作是必要但未具名的投入。；未具名直接投入（20.00%）：其他制作与传递中的直接投入尚未厘清。", "overlapNote": "不把十九世纪复制品当作1597器物证据；不并入 Santorio 的类似仪器或1876流体仪器综述。", "sources": [ { "label": "伽利略博物馆：验温器", "url": "https://catalogue.museogalileo.it/object/Thermoscope.html" } ], "missing": "1597 归属经维维亚尼后世记述；Castelli 1638 信件原文未在本轮重读，且没有已核教学、出版或计量采用链。", "M": "1.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.70" }, { "actor": "玻璃制作与实验材料支持", "actorId": "G05-GLASSMAKING-AND-EXPERIMENTAL-MATERIAL-SUPPORT", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.10" }, { "actor": "未具名直接投入", "actorId": "G05-UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.20" } ], "status": "缺证暂估", "share": "0.70", "exactLight": "1.513594362117865532399225481102902973603688597527651778800253396954816107047466754940973675865510206", "light": "1.513594", "standaloneScore": "0.80", "lightSharePercent": "0.1287" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0010-G14-BOUNDED-RESEARCH-RESULT", "title": "塔索与阿里奥斯托的比较文学批评", "year": "1793出版（文本成稿时间待核）", "summary": "伽利略批评塔索对阿尔米达的描写，并与阿里奥斯托的相关诗句作逐行比较。这些文学批评后来以遗著形式出版。", "mReason": "现存文本显示具体的比较与解释，支持有限文学知识贡献；尚未证明广泛的接受与影响。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（60.00%）：完成所读窗口所示的具体比较批评。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（60.00%）：完成所读窗口所示的具体比较批评。；文学文本与批评前史（15.00%）：Tasso、Ariosto文本和既有文学批评构成输入。；手稿与编辑传播参与者（10.00%）：遗稿、编辑与1793出版使文本进入读者范围。；未具名直接投入（15.00%）：文本形成、编辑与传播中的其他投入尚未厘清。", "overlapNote": "只计 Tasso—Ariosto 的比较批评；不把但丁讲座、边注或其他文学材料合并。", "sources": [ { "label": "Favaro《伽利略著作集》：〈评Tasso〉第98页窗口", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Le_opere_di_Galileo_Galilei_%28IA_agh6462.0009.001.umich.edu%29.pdf" }, { "label": "俄克拉荷马大学：1793年《评Tasso》目录", "url": "https://galileo.ou.edu/exhibits/considerations-tasso.html" } ], "missing": "未核读1793年全本；Favaro窗口不能证明全文结构、成稿时间或完整接受史。", "M": "1.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".60" }, { "actor": "文学文本与批评前史", "actorId": "G14-LITERARY-INPUTS", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".15" }, { "actor": "手稿与编辑传播参与者", "actorId": "G14-MANUSCRIPT-AND-EDITORIAL-TRANSMISSION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": ".10" }, { "actor": "未具名直接投入", "actorId": "G14-UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".15" } ], "status": "缺证暂估", "share": "0.60", "exactLight": "1.297366596101027599199336126659631120231733083595130096114502911675556663183542932806548865027580177", "light": "1.297367", "standaloneScore": "0.72", "lightSharePercent": "0.1103" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0010-MICRO-TEACHING-BOUNDED-RESEARCH-RESULT", "title": "对卡斯泰利与维维亚尼的教学及职业帮助", "year": "十七世纪前期", "summary": "伽利略教授卡斯泰利与维维亚尼，并为卡斯泰利获得职位提供推荐帮助。", "mReason": "具名受教与推荐记录支持多年局部受益；不将学生后来的科学成果归给教师。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（65.00%）：承担具名教学与有记录的推荐。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（65.00%）：承担具名教学与有记录的推荐。；资助安置与任职渠道（15.00%）：大公支持、受教安置及任职渠道提供制度条件。；教学与学科知识前史（5.00%）：既有教学与学科知识提供前提。；未厘清的学习与教学投入（15.00%）：受教者努力、教学环境与传递中的其他投入未能逐一分配。", "overlapNote": "教学与推荐合为一组，不按授课日数增分，也不与科研传播重复计入。", "sources": [ { "label": "莱斯大学：卡斯泰利", "url": "https://galileo.library.rice.edu/sci/castelli.html" }, { "label": "莱斯大学：维维亚尼", "url": "https://galileo.library.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/viviani.html" } ], "missing": "完整课表、全部学生与受益数量尚未整理；当前只覆盖两位具名受教者的记录。", "M": "0.50", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".65" }, { "actor": "资助安置与任职渠道", "actorId": "MICRO-EDUCATIONAL-PATRONAGE-AND-APPOINTMENT-CONTEXT", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": ".15" }, { "actor": "教学与学科知识前史", "actorId": "MICRO-EDUCATIONAL-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".05" }, { "actor": "未厘清的学习与教学投入", "actorId": "MICRO-TEACHING-UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".15" } ], "status": "缺证暂估", "share": "0.65", "exactLight": "0.5058816165252998207965237768752451490782638421614659827076899698045962230006709731851952595311564008", "light": "0.505882", "standaloneScore": "0.36", "lightSharePercent": "0.0430" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0010-G07-BOUNDED-RESEARCH-RESULT", "title": "摆调时钟设计与实施交接", "year": "1641—1649", "summary": "1659 年维维亚尼记述伽利略于1641年提出以摆调节钟表的构想，并与文琴佐讨论实施；1649年有继续制作活动的报告。", "mReason": "文献记录支持一项多年的技术设计与交接知识，但并未证明十七世纪装置实际工作、反复使用或持续专业传播。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（55.00%）：维维亚尼记述将1641年构想与说明归于伽利略。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（55.00%）：维维亚尼记述将1641年构想与说明归于伽利略。；文琴佐·伽利略（小）（25.00%）：参与设计讨论、预定实施及后来制作。；锁匠、钟表机构与材料支持者（10.00%）：锁匠和钟表材料是报告中的实施条件。；未具名直接投入（10.00%）：图纸形成、制作与技术传递中的其他投入尚未厘清。", "overlapNote": "只计设计与交接；不计经度部署、十九世纪复原件性能或惠更斯的后续成就。", "sources": [ { "label": "伽利略博物馆：维维亚尼的摆钟记述", "url": "https://catalogue.museogalileo.it/indepth/AccountPendulumByViviani.html" }, { "label": "乌得勒支大学：伽利略、荷兰与摆钟", "url": "https://www.uu.nl/sites/default/files/galileo_holland_and_the_pendulum_clock_27_pp.pdf" } ], "missing": "证据为1659年回忆而非同时代独立测试；1649年制作未被验证为可运行时钟，也无后续专业使用链。", "M": "0.5", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.55" }, { "actor": "文琴佐·伽利略（小）", "actorId": "VINCENZIO-GALILEI-JUNIOR", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.25" }, { "actor": "锁匠、钟表机构与材料支持者", "actorId": "G07-LOCKSMITH-AND-CLOCKWORK-MATERIAL-SUPPORT", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.10" }, { "actor": "未具名直接投入", "actorId": "G07-UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.10" } ], "status": "缺证暂估", "share": "0.55", "exactLight": "0.4280536755214075406739816573559766646046847895212404469065068975269660348467215926951652196032861852", "light": "0.428054", "standaloneScore": "0.31", "lightSharePercent": "0.0364" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0010-MICRO-FAMILY-BOUNDED-RESEARCH-RESULT", "title": "为圣马泰奥修院提供物资与帮助", "year": "十七世纪前期", "summary": "记录显示伽利略向圣马泰奥修院提供所需物资，并协助处理一些杂务。", "mReason": "明确但尚未量化的物资与实际帮助支持小范围贡献；不据此评价全部家庭关系。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（80.00%）：提供记录中的物资与实际帮助。。完整预算：伽利略·伽利莱（80.00%）：提供记录中的物资与实际帮助。；未厘清的物资与运输投入（20.00%）：物资来源、运输及交付中的其他投入待厘清。", "overlapNote": "不按未知帮助次数累计，不将整个家庭安排推断为净正结果。", "sources": [ { "label": "莱斯大学：家庭中的女性处境与具体帮助", "url": "https://galileo.library.rice.edu/fam/status_women.html" } ], "missing": "物资数量、价值与生活条件变化尚未量化；女儿入修院的处境与精神困境仍需单独研究。", "M": "0.01", "budget": [ { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".80" }, { "actor": "未厘清的物资与运输投入", "actorId": "MICRO-FAMILY-UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".20" } ], "status": "缺证暂估", "share": "0.80", "exactLight": "0.00926356340791881955274585156345175659353881720823192437628373504626039568273999066642272357463745680", "light": "0.009264", "standaloneScore": "0.01", "lightSharePercent": "0.0008" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0004-1876-FLUID-INSTRUMENT-REFERENCE-SYNTHESIS", "title": "流体仪器与真空技术的参考综合", "year": "1876", "summary": "麦克斯韦的参考文章综合流体仪器与真空技术，吸收多位前驱的技术材料。伽利略在此获得的是文章采用的吸水泵限度与真空问题前史份额。", "mReason": "已交付一份有限而可行动的真空技术综合，作为局部参考能力取 M=0.1。没有持续作用的证据，不能因检查环节或技术题名增加范围。", "aReason": "本人物归功：伽利略·伽利莱（5.00%）：作为文章实际采用的吸水泵限度/真空转折归属；不升级为独立史实定论。。完整预算：詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦（38.00%）：选择并组织泵史、泄漏、除气、测试与真空研究，直接形成终端。；Ctesibius（5.00%）：提供早期活塞泵技术起点。；Hero（3.00%）：提供虹吸和喷泉装置材料。；伽利略·伽利莱（5.00%）：作为文章实际采用的吸水泵限度/真空转折归属；不升级为独立史实定论。；Torricelli（10.00%）：提供汞管实验及大气压解释的核心路线。；Otto Von Guericke（8.00%）：提供机械抽气改进与不完全真空诊断。；II79 HOOKE BOYLE HAUKSBEE SMEATON PUMP CHAIN（9.00%）：提供泵制作、实验使用与后继改良链。；M. Deleuil（5.00%）：提供无填料长活塞泵实例。；Sprengel（7.00%）：提供分段落汞抽气核心实例。；II79 VACUUM RESEARCH AND IMPROVEMENT SOURCES（6.00%）：提供除水、吸附、稀薄气体研究与真空现象材料。；未分配（2.00%）：保留未识别手册出版执行责任。；未分配（2.00%）：保留熔接接头、硫酸及苛性钾处理的未具名来源责任。", "overlapNote": "只计该有限参考综合，不从推定读者、后来的发现、实体生产或作者声望推定更大影响。", "sources": [ { "label": "《科学论文集》卷II：流体相关仪器", "url": "https://archive.org/download/india.history.resource.111835/111835_djvu.txt" } ], "missing": "未建立持续阅读或实施效果；文章中的历史归属不等于独立证明技术优先权。", "M": "0.1", "budget": [ { "actor": "詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦", "actorId": "SL-0004", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".38" }, { "actor": "Ctesibius", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Ctesibius", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".05" }, { "actor": "Hero", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Hero", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".03" }, { "actor": "伽利略·伽利莱", "actorId": "SL-0010", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".05" }, { "actor": "Torricelli", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Torricelli", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".10" }, { "actor": "Otto Von Guericke", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Otto Von Guericke", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".08" }, { "actor": "II79 HOOKE BOYLE HAUKSBEE SMEATON PUMP CHAIN", "actorId": "ROLE_POOL:II79-HOOKE-BOYLE-HAUKSBEE-SMEATON-PUMP-CHAIN", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".09" }, { "actor": "M. Deleuil", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:M. Deleuil", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".05" }, { "actor": "Sprengel", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Sprengel", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".07" }, { "actor": "II79 VACUUM RESEARCH AND IMPROVEMENT SOURCES", "actorId": "ROLE_POOL:II79-VACUUM-RESEARCH-AND-IMPROVEMENT-SOURCES", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".06" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "OUT-SL0004-1876-FLUID-INSTRUMENT-REFERENCE-SYNTHESIS::EP-SL0004-1876-FLUID-INSTRUMENT-HANDBOOK-PUBLICATION::UNALLOCATED:II79-HANDBOOK-PUBLICATION-EXECUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".02" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "OUT-SL0004-1876-FLUID-INSTRUMENT-REFERENCE-SYNTHESIS::EP-SL0004-1876-FLUID-INSTRUMENT-HANDBOOK-PUBLICATION::UNALLOCATED:II79-UNNAMED-VACUUM-TREATMENTS", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".02" } ], "status": "已纳入研究估分", "share": "0.05", "exactLight": "0.00610092271509817177955194732389528683611542536802764812225372240850516513431121779711612053465952400", "light": "0.006101", "standaloneScore": "0.01", "lightSharePercent": "0.0005" } ], "exclusions": [ { "id": "tides", "title": "潮汐解释与其他未成立主张", "reason": "未将错误解释作为已成立科学成果；也不据此抹去可独立确认的其他贡献。" }, { "id": "deployment", "title": "海上经度部署与实用摆钟", "reason": "提案及设计已在对应条目列出，尚未证实的部署效果和后继者的成果不计入。" }, { "id": "harm-context", "title": "家庭安排与潜在负面影响", "reason": "局部家庭帮助不代表家庭安排净为正；女儿入修院处境、相关精神困境及军事应用的具体后果仍需单独证据与归因。" } ], "provisionalCount": 11, "provenance": { "releaseId": "research-200-20260914", "baselineLedgerSha256": "8bdd406b3e20ae22357644499e622922c670ff11010df0478c70c23b38902108", "c24DeltaSha256": "b0b96144d1d3397e54a61c3d706ff2da5920fe7617e3bef50407149cb97d9d62", "generatorSha256": "25de659e9852503508e7c27d8a31773b8da5d6310531b1e3699d18cc94319929" }, "priorScopeNote": "25项已列贡献的研究估分，含11项暂估。账本覆盖有限的主要成果，尚未穷尽生涯。M与归功份额是可修订的评估判断；未覆盖经历和负面影响不按零处理。", "rank": 62 }