{ "personId": "gauss", "uid": "SL-0012", "name": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "version": "V2研究贡献账", "updatedAt": "2026-09-15", "displayScore": "7.23", "exactScore": "7.227879573165677214614329002927282161951917831930872964449882134842389348635025371776716080485348938", "totalLight": "4109.927206", "exactTotalLight": "4109.927205793801313802211298891827238152113217251177735544009928159335390687449201393631026423262880", "scopeNote": "本轮当前已列26项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。", "formula": { "q": "Q = 10^(M/2) − 1", "light": "Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ", "total": "L = Σ Lᵢ", "score": "S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L)" }, "items": [ { "id": "GAUSS-INTRINSIC-SURFACE-GEOMETRY-1827", "title": "内蕴曲面几何", "year": "1827", "mReason": "曲率、测地线和曲边三角形关系共同闭合了曲面几何的局部与整体结构，形成该领域的基础研究能力；边界仍限于曲面几何。 本项采用M6.1。", "sources": [ { "label": "Gauss Werke 中的《Disquisitiones generales》", "url": "https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN236005081/PPN236005081.pdf" }, { "label": "MacTutor Gauss biography", "url": "https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Gauss/" } ], "aReason": "作者文本直接支持高斯完成这套理论构造；未能逐项核定的几何前史保留为未分配份额，而不虚构到具体个人。", "M": "6.1", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.9" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "UNALLOCATED:SIX-03:GEOMETRY-PREHISTORY", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.1" } ], "share": "0.9", "exactLight": "1008.916608871767092031935051830115163050077656624497666200567003353092972417601920348090169623871432", "light": "1008.916609", "standaloneScore": "6.01", "lightSharePercent": "24.5483" }, { "id": "R03-ELLIPSOID-ATTRACTION-1813", "title": "均匀椭球体吸引理论", "year": "1813", "mReason": "1813年文本给出椭球内外的几何设置和积分变换，形成处理该类引力问题的一般方法成果；Newton、Maclaurin、Lagrange、Legendre是明确前史，但其份额留在a层，后续势论应用不计入M。 本项采用M5.7。", "sources": [ { "label": "Gauss, Werke vol. V: Theoria attractionis (printed pp.1, 8, 18)", "url": "https://www.wilbourhall.org/pdfs/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss_Werke___5.pdf" } ], "aReason": "高斯写作了所审的几何设置和积分变换；Newton、Maclaurin、Lagrange、Legendre 是文本明示前史，但现有回执不能分开其具体作用，故余项不实名分配。", "M": "5.7", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.85" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "UNALLOCATED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.15" } ], "share": "0.85", "exactLight": "600.9039167265172241818827008609158029512680207186038791280853494313916860675165301997449532950899874", "light": "600.903917", "standaloneScore": "5.56", "lightSharePercent": "14.6208" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0012-DISQUISITIONES-CONGRUENCE-QUADRATIC-RECIPROCITY", "title": "《算术研究》的同余与二次互反框架", "year": "1801", "mReason": "同余的统一语言和专用记号、二次互反定理的严格证明及辅助命题共同给出可执行的二次剩余判定程序。最终M把这一定义—定理—证明—程序闭环定在5.8；二次型、正多边形、其他计划与后世应用均未并入。", "sources": [ { "label": "ETH Library《Disquisitiones arithmeticae》记录", "url": "https://www.e-rara.ch/zut/content/structure/1254642" } ], "aReason": "高斯完成并公开了该框架；Fermat、Euler、Lagrange、Legendre 的传承性数论输入、制书团队和出版渠道均留在账本，不被个人份额吸收。", "M": "5.8", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.7" }, { "actor": "FERMAT EULER LAGRANGE LEGENDRE TRANSMITTED NUMBER THEORY", "actorId": "FERMAT_EULER_LAGRANGE_LEGENDRE_TRANSMITTED_NUMBER_THEORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.18" }, { "actor": "DISQUISITIONES PHYSICAL BOOK PRODUCTION TEAM", "actorId": "DISQUISITIONES_PHYSICAL_BOOK_PRODUCTION_TEAM", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.04" }, { "actor": "BRUNSWICK STIPEND AND ORIGINAL PUBLICATION CHANNEL", "actorId": "BRUNSWICK_STIPEND_AND_ORIGINAL_PUBLICATION_CHANNEL", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.05" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "GAUSS_DISQUISITIONES_UNRESOLVED_CREDIT", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.03" } ], "share": "0.7", "exactLight": "555.3297643069970514461427979854715528122724422288390324646267505218689880340412762479666762930331947", "light": "555.329764", "standaloneScore": "5.49", "lightSharePercent": "13.5119" }, { "id": "R02A-QUADRATIC-FORMS-1801", "title": "二次型的复合性质", "year": "1801", "mReason": "二次型复合的基本性质为数学对象提供可复用的运算结构，评为M5.4。它超过孤立等式，但本项只涵盖限定性质，不把第五节全部结果、整部《算术研究》或后来的代数数论应用一并计入。", "sources": [ { "label": "Disquisitiones arithmeticae, Sectio Quinta (printed p.165; §235)", "url": "https://www.e-rara.ch/download/pdf/1706873.pdf" } ], "aReason": "高斯是第五节处理与第235条结果的署名作者；Lagrange、Euler 与 Fermat 的已承认前史无法从现有材料分拆到个人，因而保留为未分配基础份额。", "M": "5.4", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.9" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "UNALLOCATED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.1" } ], "share": "0.9", "exactLight": "450.1685102645450565013987681964511912544247908495373375367277103001101301199476200637934855933278634", "light": "450.168510", "standaloneScore": "5.31", "lightSharePercent": "10.9532" }, { "id": "R02B-REGULAR-17-GON-1801", "title": "正十七边形作图", "year": "1801", "mReason": "正十七边形被化为四个二次方程并给出余弦表达式，兼具具体作图结论和代数方法价值，评为M5.1。只计n=17的构造，不将所有正多边形的一般判据或后来的圆分理论并入。", "sources": [ { "label": "Disquisitiones arithmeticae, Sectio Septima (printed pp.603, 662)", "url": "https://www.e-rara.ch/download/pdf/1706866.pdf" } ], "aReason": "现有原文未列出该正十七边形结果的共同生产者；欧几里得的三、五等分先例只是背景，未获证明为这一结果的生产动作，故高斯取得全部份额。", "M": "5.1", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "1" } ], "share": "1", "exactLight": "353.8133892335754584332187022644906204913468320653236306803393404042285363048161281842743730633981512", "light": "353.813389", "standaloneScore": "5.10", "lightSharePercent": "8.6088" }, { "id": "GAUSS-ERROR-COMBINATION-1809-1823", "title": "误差观测组合与最小二乘理论", "year": "1823", "mReason": "平方准则、观测关系、消元和相对极小组成可迁移的完整方法平台，适用于一般误差观测；它尚未构成完整概率理论或统计学基础。 本项采用M5.1。", "sources": [ { "label": "1823《Theoria combinationis》原书扫描", "url": "https://www.e-rara.ch/download/pdf/899269" }, { "label": "MacTutor Gauss biography", "url": "https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Gauss/" } ], "aReason": "高斯公开了一般误差理论及其推导；Legendre 的先行最小二乘工作和未解前史仍保留，故高斯的份额只对应这一完整理论交付。", "M": "5.1", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.65" }, { "actor": "阿德里安-马里·勒让德", "actorId": "SL-3802", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.25" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "UNALLOCATED:SIX-02:OTHER-ERROR-THEORY-INPUTS", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.1" } ], "share": "0.65", "exactLight": "229.9787030018240479815921564719189033193754408424603599422205712627485485981304833197783424912087983", "light": "229.978703", "standaloneScore": "4.73", "lightSharePercent": "5.5957" }, { "id": "GAUSS-GLOBAL-GEOMAGNETIC-POTENTIAL-1839", "title": "全球地磁场势理论", "year": "1839", "mReason": "对全球对象的统一场表示构成领域方法平台；现有事实对完整理论边界的闭合较薄，因此只采用刚进入该层级的量级。 本项采用M5.0。", "sources": [ { "label": "Gauss Werke 第五卷（1839 论文重印）", "url": "https://www.wilbourhall.org/pdfs/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss_Werke___5.pdf" }, { "label": "MacTutor Gauss biography", "url": "https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Gauss/" } ], "aReason": "高斯完成并公开了场分量与势函数的理论构造；韦伯、观测者和团队对这一成果的可分动作缺证，故其余份额保持未分配。", "M": "5.0", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.55" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "UNALLOCATED:SIX-05:TERMINAL-INPUTS", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.45" } ], "share": "0.55", "exactLight": "173.3752713092608632599391449437995193545755326628869254771627669035926941251581021739336459608615162", "light": "173.375271", "standaloneScore": "4.48", "lightSharePercent": "4.2185" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0072-GEOMETRY-LECTURE-METRIC-LOCAL-CURVATURE", "title": "几何讲演中的多维度量与局部曲率框架", "year": "1868", "mReason": "6.7高于一般学科基础中心，因为多维度量、局部曲率和经验边界共同重构了几何问题空间；尚未形成现代完整公理和运算体系，且后世物理转移未纳入，故点值不越入8。", "sources": [ { "label": "Riemann geometry lecture text", "url": "https://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Riemann/Geom/WKCGeom.html" }, { "label": "Trinity College Dublin edition index", "url": "https://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Riemann/Geom/" } ], "aReason": "黎曼在1854年讲演中提出多维度量、局部曲率及物理度量的经验边界，承担数学内容的主要份额；身后整理公开另有归功。", "M": "6.7", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "伯恩哈德·黎曼", "actorId": "SL-0072", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.76" }, { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.07" }, { "actor": "RICHARD DEDEKIND", "actorId": "EXT-NAME:RICHARD-DEDEKIND", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.12" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "OUT-SL0072-GEOMETRY-LECTURE-METRIC-LOCAL-CURVATURE::LECTURE_TO_FIRST_POSTHUMOUS_PUBLICATION_BY_1868::UNALLOCATED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.05" } ], "share": "0.07", "exactLight": "156.6404796997837728368465596726019633595082978378662469645747263769702553504610016837213333643649439", "light": "156.640480", "standaloneScore": "4.40", "lightSharePercent": "3.8113" }, { "id": "OUT-GAUSS-1816-FTA-CORRECT-PROOF-FAMILY", "title": "代数基本定理的正确证明族", "year": "1816", "mReason": "完整证明了实多项式的一般因式分解结论，交付可反复使用的数学知识，采用M4.5。它的适用对象广于单一专业程序，但这一个证明族尚不足以代表整套方法体系或学科重构。", "sources": [ { "label": "圣安德鲁斯大学数学史：代数基本定理，1816年第二证明", "url": "https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Fund_theorem_of_algebra/" } ], "aReason": "高斯将前驱代数方法改为对不定元的论证，完成正确证明，归功75%；欧拉的明确方法输入20%、未厘清的学术与出版支持5%保留。", "M": "4.5", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.75" }, { "actor": "莱昂哈德·欧拉", "actorId": "SL-0011", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.2" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "UNALLOCATED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.05" } ], "share": "0.75", "exactLight": "132.6209557529192100919065896394513633551842894801691518508873042082226411154620353675225299459026616", "light": "132.620956", "standaloneScore": "4.25", "lightSharePercent": "3.2268" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0072-1851-COMPLEX-FUNCTIONS-SURFACES", "title": "复函数、分支曲面与保角映射框架", "year": "1851", "mReason": "完整1851框架改变可处理的对象及方法关系，可落全球学科基础档；尚未闭合的一般证明和后续现代体系不领。本项评为M6.3。", "sources": [ { "label": "黎曼1851年博士论文：三一学院文本版本", "url": "https://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Riemann/Grund/" } ], "aReason": "黎曼将复函数、分支曲面、连通切割与条件保角构造连接成框架，主要归功于这一综合和构造；具体采用的前驱方法另有份额。", "M": "6.3", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "伯恩哈德·黎曼", "actorId": "SL-0072", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.65" }, { "actor": "奥古斯丁·路易·柯西", "actorId": "SL-3803", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.09" }, { "actor": "VICTOR PUISEUX", "actorId": "EXT-NAME:VICTOR-PUISEUX", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.07" }, { "actor": "彼得·古斯塔夫·勒热纳·狄利克雷", "actorId": "SL-3805", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.12" }, { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.07" } ], "share": "0.07", "exactLight": "98.80762812359280115089255047511686508528013050708879576383779917549064177840025089107061087754542431", "light": "98.807628", "standaloneScore": "4.00", "lightSharePercent": "2.4041" }, { "id": "GAUSS-ORBIT-DETERMINATION-1809", "title": "从观测确定并修正圆锥轨道的方法", "year": "1809", "mReason": "完整成果把多次观测、圆锥运动模型、修正量和轨道要素闭合为可复用的轨道确定方法；其对象仍限于太阳轨道反演，故采用重要专业领域完整一般方法的量级。 本项采用M4.1。", "sources": [ { "label": "《Theoria motus》1809 原书扫描", "url": "https://archive.org/download/theoriamotuscor00gausgoog/theoriamotuscor00gausgoog.pdf" }, { "label": "MacTutor Gauss biography", "url": "https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Gauss/" } ], "aReason": "高斯公开了方法、推导和四次观测算例；Piazzi 的观测是明确输入，因而高斯取得方法交付份额，而不是将全部结果归为个人。", "M": "4.1", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.8" }, { "actor": "朱塞佩·皮亚齐", "actorId": "SL-3082", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.15" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "UNALLOCATED:SIX-01:OTHER-ORBIT-INPUTS", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.05" } ], "share": "0.8", "exactLight": "88.96147634415707484728311571823245893778468058884423699560595585360826421489794847538579285545523840", "light": "88.961476", "standaloneScore": "3.91", "lightSharePercent": "2.1646" }, { "id": "GAUSS-ABSOLUTE-MAGNETIC-MEASUREMENT-1833", "title": "地磁强度绝对测量", "year": "1833", "mReason": "该方法为一个重要专业领域建立共同的绝对测量能力，超过单一程序但仍窄于一般方法平台或完整领域理论。 本项采用M4.2。", "sources": [ { "label": "Gauss Werke 第五卷（1833 论文重印）", "url": "https://www.wilbourhall.org/pdfs/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss_Werke___5.pdf" }, { "label": "MacTutor Gauss biography", "url": "https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Gauss/" } ], "aReason": "高斯的公开文本明确给出测量方法；韦伯 和实作团队在这一受限成果中的具体动作未获证实，非高斯部分保留为未分配而不转给高斯。", "M": "4.2", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.65" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "UNALLOCATED:SIX-04:TERMINAL-INPUTS", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.35" } ], "share": "0.65", "exactLight": "81.18015176662086867755701691572703939608513161535051949201499626923209502586263156786831280793650105", "light": "81.180152", "standaloneScore": "3.83", "lightSharePercent": "1.9752" }, { "id": "OUT-GAUSS-1814-UNWEIGHTED-GAUSSIAN-QUADRATURE", "title": "无权高斯求积法", "year": "1814–1816", "mReason": "非等距节点、权重、精确性保证与误差处理构成可复用的数值积分方法，评为M4.0。此处限于原始无权、固定区间构造，不包括后来的通用权重、软件或整个数值分析体系。", "sources": [ { "label": "MacTutor Gauss biography", "url": "https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Gauss/" } ], "aReason": "高斯承担方法的构造和公开交付；本项评估仍保留未细分的前史和支持份额。", "M": "4.0", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.8" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "UNALLOCATED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.2" } ], "share": "0.8", "exactLight": "79.2", "light": "79.200000", "standaloneScore": "3.81", "lightSharePercent": "1.9270" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0072-1857-HYPERGEOMETRIC-PFUNCTION", "title": "超几何 P 函数的共享输入", "year": "1857", "mReason": "奇点刻画、级数、变换和条件积分表示构成二阶超几何方程的统一接口，因此略高于国际重要方法的中心；通用延拓和曲面装置已由前项领取，后继一般存在理论也未纳入。", "sources": [ { "label": "Riemann, Gesammelte mathematische Werke", "url": "https://archive.org/details/gesammeltemathem00riem" } ], "aReason": "黎曼以奇点、分支和指数组织P函数、二阶方程、级数和积分表示，主要归功于这一统一构造；已用到的先行结果分别计入。", "M": "5.1", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "伯恩哈德·黎曼", "actorId": "SL-0072", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.69" }, { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.13" }, { "actor": "Kummer", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Kummer", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.11" }, { "actor": "莱昂哈德·欧拉", "actorId": "SL-0011", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.07" } ], "share": "0.13", "exactLight": "45.99574060036480959631843129438378066387508816849207198844411425254970971962609666395566849824175966", "light": "45.995741", "standaloneScore": "3.34", "lightSharePercent": "1.1191" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0072-1857-ABELIAN-INVERSION-THETA", "title": "阿贝尔积分反演与 theta 构造", "year": "1857", "mReason": "剥离1851共用装置后，1857反演与theta增量仍是国际重要方法体系；现有事实不足以把这个增量单独等同整个学科底座。采用5.8。", "sources": [ { "label": "黎曼1857年阿贝尔函数论文：三一学院文本版本", "url": "https://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Riemann/AbelFn/" } ], "aReason": "黎曼从椭圆等特殊情形扩展反演，并构造1857年的Abelian与theta方法，承担一般化和方法构造的主要份额；阿贝尔提供椭圆反演起点，雅可比提供椭圆反演与theta材料及原作的技术比较，狄利克雷提供原作明确采用的变分原理证明路线，高斯只对应局部复数表示输入。余账只保留非逐证、非全文审查尚未落实的输入或责任缺口；不把前史特殊情形或证明路线等同于黎曼交付的一般反演。", "M": "5.8", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "伯恩哈德·黎曼", "actorId": "SL-0072", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.73" }, { "actor": "尼尔斯·亨利克·阿贝尔", "actorId": "EXT-NAME:NIELS-HENRIK-ABEL", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.07" }, { "actor": "卡尔·雅可比", "actorId": "SL-3804", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.09" }, { "actor": "彼得·古斯塔夫·勒热纳·狄利克雷", "actorId": "SL-3805", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.07" }, { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.02" }, { "actor": "未分配余账", "actorId": "OUT-SL0072-1857-ABELIAN-INVERSION-THETA::EP-SL0072-1857-ABELIAN-INVERSION-THETA::UNALLOCATED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.02" } ], "share": "0.02", "exactLight": "15.86656469448563004131836565672775865177921263510968664184647858633911394382975074994190503694380556", "light": "15.866565", "standaloneScore": "2.45", "lightSharePercent": "0.3861" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0072-HIGHER-DIMENSIONAL-CONNECTIVITY-CONCEPTS", "title": "高维连通性概念", "year": "1876", "mReason": "4.1反映新概念和受限关系共同形成领域级增量；符号残缺、编辑校正及未完成一般理论使其低于5档中部。", "sources": [ { "label": "黎曼数学全集：遗稿卷内查阅", "url": "https://archive.org/details/gesammeltemathem00riem" } ], "aReason": "黎曼遗稿提出按维数区分的非边界闭合循环、连通度及受限变化关系，承担概念与关系的主要份额；编辑校正与刊出另计。", "M": "4.1", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "伯恩哈德·黎曼", "actorId": "SL-0072", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.75" }, { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.09" }, { "actor": "Weber", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Weber", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.16" } ], "share": "0.09", "exactLight": "10.00816608871767092031935051830115163050077656624497666200567003353092972417601920348090169623871432", "light": "10.008166", "standaloneScore": "2.08", "lightSharePercent": "0.2435" }, { "id": "OUT-GAUSS-WEBER-MAGNETIC-SOCIETY-RESULTATE-ATLAS-SERVICE", "title": "地磁协会《Resultate》与图集服务", "year": "1836–1841", "mReason": "多年协同观测、跨地点数据与图集形成持续的专业服务，评为M3.0。测站、期次、表格和图版不分别加分；已有的测量方法与地磁场理论不在本项重复计算。", "sources": [ { "label": "MacTutor Gauss biography", "url": "https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Gauss/" } ], "aReason": "高斯对磁学网络的理论与组织有可归属作用；韦伯、Goldschmidt、图集作者、Humboldt 与未决工作保持各自或未分配份额。", "M": "3.0", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.25" }, { "actor": "WILHELM EDUARD WEBER", "actorId": "EXT-NAME:WILHELM-EDUARD-WEBER", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.35" }, { "actor": "C. W. B. Goldschmidt", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:C. W. B. Goldschmidt", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.15" }, { "actor": "Heine (1840 magnetic atlas)", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Heine (1840 magnetic atlas)", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.05" }, { "actor": "Draschussof (1840 magnetic atlas)", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Draschussof (1840 magnetic atlas)", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.025" }, { "actor": "亚历山大·冯·洪堡", "actorId": "SL-0111", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.025" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "UNALLOCATED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.15" } ], "share": "0.25", "exactLight": "7.655694150420948329997233861081796334298887848313042067143762131981486096598095553360620270948250738", "light": "7.655694", "standaloneScore": "1.87", "lightSharePercent": "0.1863" }, { "id": "OUT-GAUSS-HANOVER-1821-1823-SURVEY-DEPLOYMENT", "title": "汉诺威三角测量部署", "year": "1821–1823", "mReason": "仪器已用于多个测站，完成76个方向和26个三角形的平差，形成实际测量能力，评为M2.5。测量不稳定性仍在，后来的地图、全国测量体系及理想精度不归入本项。", "sources": [ { "label": "MacTutor Gauss biography", "url": "https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Gauss/" } ], "aReason": "高斯在所采纳的测量部署中承担领导和方法性工作；仪器制造、测量实施及协作人员均另留份额。", "M": "2.5", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.45" }, { "actor": "Rumpf (Hanover heliotrope maker)", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Rumpf (Hanover heliotrope maker)", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.15" }, { "actor": "Müller (Hanover survey 1821–1823)", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Müller (Hanover survey 1821–1823)", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.15" }, { "actor": "Encke (Hanover survey)", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Encke (Hanover survey)", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.1" }, { "actor": "Schumacher (Hanover survey)", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Schumacher (Hanover survey)", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.05" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "UNALLOCATED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.1" } ], "share": "0.45", "exactLight": "7.552257345175152605514395378367081801311057368810149111053238252493358466927722122051351796754159698", "light": "7.552257", "standaloneScore": "1.86", "lightSharePercent": "0.1838" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0072-1861-HEAT-COORDINATE-FLATNESS", "title": "热传导坐标变换判据", "year": "1861", "mReason": "3.4反映六条件及其独立性关系构成可复用判据，并有独立历史作用确认；范围不扩到一般维数或全部热问题，使其远离5档。", "sources": [ { "label": "黎曼1861年热传导论文：文集第二版391–404页", "url": "https://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Riemann/Paris/" } ], "aReason": "黎曼完成三维热方程常系数变换的充分条件与具体判据，承担主要份额；不重复计入早期几何框架。", "M": "3.4", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "伯恩哈德·黎曼", "actorId": "SL-0072", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.78" }, { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.09" }, { "actor": "Heinrich Weber", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Heinrich Weber", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.13" } ], "share": "0.09", "exactLight": "4.420685102645450565013987681964511912544247908495373375367277103001101301199476200637934855933278634", "light": "4.420685", "standaloneScore": "1.47", "lightSharePercent": "0.1076" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0072-1863-FINITE-HYPERGEOMETRIC-CONTINUED-FRACTION-METHOD", "title": "有限超几何连分数方法", "year": "1863", "mReason": "3.0落在专业子领域重要结果起点，因为匹配原则与超几何商应用形成可复用方法；原稿未完成且收敛理论由后继完成，限制上探。", "sources": [ { "label": "黎曼数学全集：遗稿卷内查阅", "url": "https://archive.org/details/gesammeltemathem00riem" } ], "aReason": "黎曼手稿给出有限渐近分数的匹配方法及超几何商应用，承担主要份额；后继收敛理论不归给原稿。", "M": "3", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "伯恩哈德·黎曼", "actorId": "SL-0072", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.7" }, { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.1" }, { "actor": "HERMANN AMANDUS SCHWARZ", "actorId": "EXT-NAME:HERMANN-AMANDUS-SCHWARZ", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.2" } ], "share": "0.1", "exactLight": "3.062277660168379331998893544432718533719555139325216826857504852792594438639238221344248108379300295", "light": "3.062278", "standaloneScore": "1.22", "lightSharePercent": "0.0745" }, { "id": "OUT-GAUSS-WEBER-1833-TELEGRAPH-OPERATION", "title": "高斯—韦伯 1833 年电报线路运行", "year": "1833", "mReason": "超过一公里的线路实际传递了完整词语和短句，形成可运行的技术演示，评为M1.5。现有评估范围只确认有限试验，未将持续通信服务或后来的电报网络计入。", "sources": [ { "label": "哥廷根大学：1833年高斯—韦伯电报线路", "url": "https://www.uni-goettingen.de/de/32448.html" } ], "aReason": "高斯与 韦伯 都有可指认的共同生产动作；因此高斯只取得与 韦伯 对称的共同份额，余项保留为未分配。", "M": "1.5", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.45" }, { "actor": "WILHELM EDUARD WEBER", "actorId": "EXT-NAME:WILHELM-EDUARD-WEBER", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.45" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "UNALLOCATED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.1" } ], "share": "0.45", "exactLight": "2.080535963356570861777279678994165541607129693944112488367602406811476058893782820076360930367991377", "light": "2.080536", "standaloneScore": "0.98", "lightSharePercent": "0.0506" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0072-1858-RETARDED-SCALAR-POTENTIAL", "title": "延迟标量势与波动方程", "year": "1858", "mReason": "2.9接近3档，因为保留下来的方程与基本势本身完整可用；相连物理推导含重大错误且无经验闭合，限制完整结果的深度和覆盖。", "sources": [ { "label": "黎曼《电动力学的一项贡献》：三一学院文本版本", "url": "https://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Riemann/Elektro/" } ], "aReason": "黎曼提出非齐次波动方程与延迟基本势，主要归功限于有效数学结构；不将相连但错误的物理推导作为完整成果归功。", "M": "2.9", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "伯恩哈德·黎曼", "actorId": "SL-0072", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.65" }, { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.07" }, { "actor": "Wilhelm Weber", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Wilhelm Weber", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.08" }, { "actor": "Poisson", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Poisson", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.09" }, { "actor": "Kohlrausch", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Kohlrausch", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.03" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "OUT-SL0072-1858-RETARDED-SCALAR-POTENTIAL::UNALLOCATED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.08" } ], "share": "0.07", "exactLight": "1.902868051885117673371346589408577503078130508639667802058737841806294864695797934421360691613667716", "light": "1.902868", "standaloneScore": "0.93", "lightSharePercent": "0.0463" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0072-CIRCULAR-RING-POTENTIAL-METHOD", "title": "圆环势的共享方法输入", "year": "至1876", "mReason": "坐标、方程和边界选择构成可连续复用的方法，且深于单一算例；但它复用势论和超几何工具、只处理环体几何，又没有实验、工业或一般势论覆盖，故处于3档附近。", "sources": [ { "label": "Riemann, Gesammelte mathematische Werke", "url": "https://archive.org/details/gesammeltemathem00riem" } ], "aReason": "黎曼完成圆环几何下的坐标、方程变换、分离与边界解选择，承担具体方法的主要份额；一般势论与超几何输入分别保留归功。", "M": "3.1", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "伯恩哈德·黎曼", "actorId": "SL-0072", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.77" }, { "actor": "莱昂哈德·欧拉", "actorId": "SL-0011", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.09" }, { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.03" }, { "actor": "HEINRICH MARTIN WEBER", "actorId": "EXT-NAME:HEINRICH-MARTIN-WEBER", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.11" } ], "share": "0.03", "exactLight": "1.034440167700726375299656106793471861474040496195970892041018021212685608914448384552823119190194454", "light": "1.034440", "standaloneScore": "0.62", "lightSharePercent": "0.0252" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0072-1854-POTENTIAL-ELECTRICITY-RETENTION", "title": "势函数与电学中的残余电模型", "year": "1854", "mReason": "1.6反映方程与现象比较形成可复用模型；只做定性比对且缺装置参数，使中心低于2档中部。", "sources": [ { "label": "黎曼1854年电学论文：三一学院文本版本", "url": "https://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Riemann/Spann/" } ], "aReason": "黎曼组织电荷松弛方程并作定性比较，构成主要交付；采用的电学关系、观测与纠错分别保留份额。", "M": "1.6", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "伯恩哈德·黎曼", "actorId": "SL-0072", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.62" }, { "actor": "Ohm", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Ohm", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.09" }, { "actor": "Kohlrausch", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Kohlrausch", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.06" }, { "actor": "Coulomb", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Coulomb", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.04" }, { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.05" }, { "actor": "Wilhelm Weber", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Wilhelm Weber", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.07" }, { "actor": "古斯塔夫·基尔霍夫", "actorId": "SL-0818", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.07" } ], "share": "0.05", "exactLight": "0.2654786722400966247171800683111719323364726285941143622638647644167474716488434037864570338718261324", "light": "0.265479", "standaloneScore": "0.20", "lightSharePercent": "0.0065" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0004-1854-SURFACE-BENDING-GEOMETRIC-METHOD", "title": "曲面弯曲的几何方法", "year": "1854", "mReason": "不可伸展曲面的弯曲量度、极限四边形和共轭方向给出清晰可用的局部几何解释；独立讣告确认其专业价值。审查据此定为成体系解释而非孤立定义，但未证长期结构改变，也不含一般凸曲面刚性证明。 本项采用M0.30。", "sources": [ { "label": "Maxwell, Scientific Papers, vol. I", "url": "https://archive.org/download/scientificpapers01maxw/scientificpapers01maxw_djvu.txt" } ], "aReason": "麦克斯韦组织曲面弯曲的几何解释与方法；高斯等被明确采用的前驱方法分别保留归功。", "M": "0.30", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦", "actorId": "SL-0004", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.60" }, { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.30" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "UNALLOCATED:SURFACE_GEOMETRY_FOUNDATIONS", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.10" } ], "share": "0.30", "exactLight": "0.1237612633868262906466823591790722789369148450303805532735905678949598933360010752474454751894803899", "light": "0.123761", "standaloneScore": "0.10", "lightSharePercent": "0.0030" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0004-1877-MULTIDIMENSIONAL-CUBATURE", "title": "多维求积", "year": "1877", "mReason": "多维构造及独立的正式数值积分论文确认了早期技术位置，构成局部数值方法帮助；27点落在积分域外的限制仍在。它不领取一维前驱、后继一般求积或实际域内采样效用。 本项采用M0.30。", "sources": [ { "label": "Maxwell, Scientific Papers vol. II", "url": "https://archive.org/download/india.history.resource.111835/111835_djvu.txt" } ], "aReason": "麦克斯韦构造多维求积方法；明确采用的科茨与高斯求积结果各有份额，未具名的一般方法保留未分配部分。", "M": "0.30", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦", "actorId": "SL-0004", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.65" }, { "actor": "COTES", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:COTES", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.15" }, { "actor": "卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯", "actorId": "SL-0012", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.15" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "UNALLOCATED:NUMERICAL_INTEGRATION_PREHISTORY", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.05" } ], "share": "0.15", "exactLight": "0.06188063169341314532334117958953613946845742251519027663679528394747994666800053762372273759474019495", "light": "0.061881", "standaloneScore": "0.05", "lightSharePercent": "0.0015" } ], "exclusions": [], "provisionalCount": 0, "provenance": { "releaseId": "research-200-20260914", "baselineLedgerSha256": "8bdd406b3e20ae22357644499e622922c670ff11010df0478c70c23b38902108", "c24DeltaSha256": "b0b96144d1d3397e54a61c3d706ff2da5920fe7617e3bef50407149cb97d9d62", "generatorSha256": "25de659e9852503508e7c27d8a31773b8da5d6310531b1e3699d18cc94319929" }, "priorScopeNote": "27项已列贡献的研究估分。账本覆盖有限的主要成果，尚未穷尽生涯。M与归功份额是可修订的评估判断；未覆盖经历和负面影响不按零处理。", "rank": 11 }