{ "personId": "john-bardeen", "uid": "SL-0095", "name": "约翰·巴丁", "version": "V2研究贡献账", "updatedAt": "2026-09-15", "formula": { "q": "Q = 10^(M/2) − 1", "light": "Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ", "total": "L = Σ Lᵢ", "score": "S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L)" }, "scopeNote": "本轮当前已列5项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。", "exclusions": [ { "id": "bardeen-gap-1", "title": "后续结型晶体管、集成电路和现代电子产业", "reason": "它们需要Shockley路线及材料、制造、设计和产业团队的独立增量；点接触晶体管只计1946—1948年有据团队交付。" }, { "id": "bardeen-gap-2", "title": "高温与其他非常规超导、后继材料及全部超导设备", "reason": "BCS点的适用范围限定为常规超导微观理论；后继材料发现、解释与工程实现不能直接归入。" }, { "id": "bardeen-gap-3", "title": "教学、指导、咨询和公共服务的独立交付", "reason": "Schrieffer的直接协作关系已在BCS预算中体现；目前没有可定位的课程、组织措施或服务成果可另立项目。" }, { "id": "bardeen-gap-4", "title": "点接触晶体管的实验笔记、制样人员和可靠性/规模化限制", "reason": "现有材料未逐日解析1947年实验和未具名技术人员分工，也未形成器件可靠性及直接用途后果的独立审查。" }, { "id": "bardeen-gap-5", "title": "隧穿和CDW理论的后继模型、适用边界与争议结论", "reason": "隧穿的STM/STS扩展和CDW中量子/经典解释的边界仍需原文、综述与逐项实验史核对，不能由巴丁单独领取。" } ], "items": [ { "id": "OUT-SL0095-1955-1957-BCS-CONVENTIONAL-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY-THEORY", "title": "BCS常规超导微观理论", "year": "1955–1957", "summary": "巴丁、Leon Cooper与J. Robert Schrieffer共同把电子—声子吸引、配对和多体波函数组织成解释常规超导能隙与宏观量子相的BCS理论。", "mReason": "BCS是覆盖一个重要物态、连接微观相互作用与宏观量子相的高复用理论框架，范围和解释深度接近基础理论最高档，但适用边界明确止于常规超导，取M6.8。该数值来自成果范围和独立增量，不来自第二次获奖。", "aReason": "三名共同作者各0.25：巴丁计理论方向与整合，Cooper计配对机制，Schrieffer计多体波函数和形式化；前驱实验/现象论/多体理论0.13，Illinois同事0.05，机构0.03，未解析0.04。", "sources": [ { "label": "BCS原论文", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.108.1175" }, { "label": "巴丁1972年诺贝尔讲演", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/bardeen-lecture-1.pdf" } ], "missing": "原始通信、草稿和逐项预言验证史可进一步校准三人及实验反馈份额。；BCS对不同材料类别的有效范围和失败边界尚未做系统回顾，但已明确排除非常规/高温超导。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "1955至1957年形成并发表的、以电子—声子吸引、Cooper配对和集体多体波函数解释能隙与常规超导相的BCS理论。只计常规超导微观理论；高温/非常规超导、后继材料发现与全部超导设备排除。", "M": "6.8", "budget": [ { "actor": "约翰·巴丁", "actorId": "SL-0095", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.25" }, { "actor": "利昂·库珀", "actorId": "SL-2662", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.25" }, { "actor": "J. 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Moore（电路与仪器测量工作）", "actorId": "EXT-NAME:H-R-MOORE", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.03" }, { "actor": "贝尔实验室材料、晶体化学与半导体团队", "actorId": "JOHN-BARDEEN::BELL-LABS-MATERIALS-CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY-AND-SEMICONDUCTOR-TEAMS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.1" }, { "actor": "半导体接触理论、探测器经验与提纯技术前驱", "actorId": "JOHN-BARDEEN::SEMICONDUCTOR-CONTACT-THEORY-DETECTOR-AND-PURIFICATION-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.14" }, { "actor": "贝尔电话实验室（项目、材料、仪器与协作条件）", "actorId": "JOHN-BARDEEN::BELL-TELEPHONE-LABORATORIES", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.04" }, { "actor": "1947年实验、制样与技术人员分工待核池", "actorId": "JOHN-BARDEEN::UNRESOLVED-1947-LABORATORY-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.04" } ], "share": "0.22", "exactLight": "391.0014702085630162695926629423906658418739158084961787626027590107864139386886370780660878413144741", "light": "391.001470", "standaloneScore": "5.19", "lightSharePercent": "25.7232" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0095-1961-MANY-PARTICLE-TUNNELING-TRANSFER-HAMILTONIAN", "title": "多体隧穿转移哈密顿量与矩阵元方法", "year": "1961", "summary": "巴丁以两个弱耦合多体体系及转移项描述隧穿电流，给出把实验谱与材料态密度联系起来的矩阵元方法；Giaever实验是其直接实验输入，Josephson效应和STM仪器不归入本项。", "mReason": "这是跨超导结、隧穿谱和扫描探针建模持续复用的通用计算方法，取M5.8；其适用性受弱耦合/独立电极近似限制，且不把Josephson效应或STM发明重复计入。", "aReason": "Bardeen 0.38；Giaever直接实验输入0.10；量子隧穿和多体方法前史0.22；Illinois同事0.08；验证与扩展共同体0.10；机构0.05；未解析0.07。", "sources": [ { "label": "多体隧穿原论文", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.6.57" } ], "missing": "1961原文正文和通信尚未逐页核对推导形成过程。；不同后继技术对原始公式与后续模型的增量份额尚未系统量化。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "1961年以两个弱耦合多体体系及其转移项描述隧穿电流的理论与矩阵元公式。计入其作为平面结和后来STM/STS建模基础的通用方法价值；Giaever实验、Josephson成对隧穿、STM仪器及Tersoff–Hamann后继模型均不作为巴丁的独立发明领取。", "M": "5.8", "budget": [ { "actor": "约翰·巴丁", "actorId": "SL-0095", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.38" }, { "actor": "伊瓦尔·贾埃弗", "actorId": "SL-0889", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.1" }, { "actor": "量子隧穿、微扰论与多体态密度方法前驱", "actorId": "JOHN-BARDEEN::QUANTUM-TUNNELING-PERTURBATION-AND-MANY-BODY-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", 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Pines将集体电子描述扩展到离子运动，以集体坐标和正则变换推导金属中的声波与有效电子—声子矩阵元，并与钠声速比较；其对BCS超导解释的直接输入已在BCS项消费。", "mReason": "该成果提供了跨金属动力学与多体相互作用的可复用理论方法和实验检验，取M5.3。为防双计，M不包含其随后在BCS理论中解释超导的那部分增量。", "aReason": "Bardeen与Pines各0.28；多体与电子—声子前史0.18；Illinois理论环境0.08；实验输入0.05；机构0.05；未解析0.08。", "sources": [ { "label": "Bardeen–Pines原论文", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.99.1140" } ], "missing": "需原始手稿或机构档案校准两人逐项推导。；方法在非超导金属理论中的独立采用范围尚需专题回顾。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "1955年Bardeen与Pines把Bohm–Pines集体描述扩展到离子运动，以集体坐标和正则变换推导等离子波、耦合电子—离子声波及电子—声子有效矩阵元。只计金属动力学与有效相互作用的独立方法残余；其对BCS中库仑屏蔽和声子吸引的直接输入在BCS族消费，不重复领取。", "M": "5.3", "budget": [ { "actor": "约翰·巴丁", "actorId": "SL-0095", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.28" }, { "actor": "David Pines（集体描述与电子—声子理论共同作者）", "actorId": "EXT-NAME:DAVID-PINES", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.28" }, { "actor": "集体电子模式、电子—声子问题和金属理论前驱", "actorId": "JOHN-BARDEEN::COLLECTIVE-ELECTRON-MODE-ELECTRON-PHONON-AND-METALS-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.18" }, { "actor": 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