{ "personId": "rutherford", "uid": "SL-0020", "name": "欧内斯特·卢瑟福", "version": "V2研究贡献账", "updatedAt": "2026-09-15", "displayScore": "7.27", "exactScore": "7.265719682042660342059633953789928430067954836025623842553932652819625512807020289103501490529006680", "totalLight": "4292.978257", "exactTotalLight": "4292.978257101387125162186182350222541092289172274683190174365612192114717100359205401452255545086275", "scopeNote": "本轮当前已列16项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。", "formula": { "q": "Q = 10^(M/2) − 1", "light": "Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ", "total": "L = Σ Lᵢ", "score": "S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L)" }, "items": [ { "id": "OUT-SL0020-1911-SCATTERING-CONCENTRATED-CHARGE-KNOWLEDGE", "title": "大角散射与原子中心集中电荷推断", "year": "1911", "mReason": "从大角散射定量推断集中原子电荷，形成跨代结构模型；稳定性和光谱不在范围。", "sources": [ { "label": "The Scattering of α and β Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom", "url": "https://www.chemteam.info/Chem-History/Rutherford-1911/Rutherford-1911.html" } ], "aReason": "保留含Geiger、Marsden实测在内的完整预算；改M不抹去测量者或重复计量。", "M": "6.5", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "欧内斯特·卢瑟福", "actorId": "SL-0020", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.55" }, { "actor": "PERSON HANS GEIGER", "actorId": "PERSON_HANS_GEIGER", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.17" }, { "actor": "PERSON ERNEST MARSDEN", "actorId": "PERSON_ERNEST_MARSDEN", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.10" }, { "actor": "TRANSMITTED THOMSON SCATTERING ANALYSIS", "actorId": "TRANSMITTED_THOMSON_SCATTERING_ANALYSIS", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.07" }, { "actor": "OTHER EMPIRICAL AND ANALYTIC INPUT POOL", "actorId": "OTHER_EMPIRICAL_AND_ANALYTIC_INPUT_POOL", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.05" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "RUTHERFORD_1911_UNRESOLVED_SUPPORT", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.06" } ], "share": "0.55", "exactLight": "977.5036755214075406739816573559766646046847895212404469065068975269660348467215926951652196032861852", "light": "977.503676", "standaloneScore": "5.98", "lightSharePercent": "22.7698" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0020-1919-NITROGEN-COLLISION-LONG-RANGE-EMISSION", "title": "氮原子碰撞的长程发射观察", "year": "1919", "mReason": "完成的经验观察及条件性蜕变解释构成新核实验发现；不倒算后来的产物识别和反应理论。", "sources": [ { "label": "Helge Kragh：原子核研究史（论文）", "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1202.0954" }, { "label": "Rutherford 1919期刊记录／预览（不可作具体结论正文）", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/103415a0" } ], "missing": "目前公开来源包括学术史与当年期刊记录；具体产物的后续识别不计入本项。", "aReason": "卢瑟福署名并解释观察，Kay协助闪烁计数；Blackett后来的验证不倒算为份额。", "M": "6.0", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "欧内斯特·卢瑟福", "actorId": "SL-0020", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".70" }, { "actor": "PERSON WILLIAM KAY", "actorId": "PERSON_WILLIAM_KAY", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".10" }, { "actor": "ALPHA SCATTERING EXPERIMENT INPUTS", "actorId": "ALPHA_SCATTERING_EXPERIMENT_INPUTS", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".10" }, { "actor": "MANCHESTER LAB PUBLICATION", "actorId": "MANCHESTER_LAB_PUBLICATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": ".04" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "NITROGEN_UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".06" } ], "share": "0.70", "exactLight": "699.30", "light": "699.300000", "standaloneScore": "5.69", "lightSharePercent": "16.2894" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0020-1902-RADIOACTIVE-TRANSFORMATION-LAW", "title": "钍／ThX的转化、恢复与衰变模型", "year": "1902", "mReason": "分离、恢复和衰变的定量解释构成可复用研究能力；不计现代衰变链或能源工业。", "sources": [ { "label": "Rutherford—Soddy 1902作者原文重印", "url": "https://webserver.lemoyne.edu/giunta/ruthsod.html" } ], "aReason": "卢瑟福与Soddy联合实验和理论各占0.40，是规范归因而非工时测量。", "M": "6.3", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "欧内斯特·卢瑟福", "actorId": "SL-0020", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".40" }, { "actor": "PERSON FREDERICK SODDY", "actorId": "PERSON_FREDERICK_SODDY", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".40" }, { "actor": "RADIOACTIVITY CHEMISTRY ANTECEDENTS", "actorId": "RADIOACTIVITY_CHEMISTRY_ANTECEDENTS", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".08" }, { "actor": "MONTREAL LAB PUBLICATION", "actorId": "MONTREAL_LAB_PUBLICATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": ".04" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "TRANSFORMATION_UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".08" } ], "share": "0.40", "exactLight": "564.6150178491017208622431455720963719158864600405074043647874238599465244480014336632606335859738532", "light": "564.615018", "standaloneScore": "5.51", "lightSharePercent": "13.1521" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0020-1905-1906-HELIUM-MINERAL-TIME-INFERENCE", "title": "以氦积累推断矿物年代的物理时钟方法", "year": "1905–1906", "mReason": "使矿物古老程度可作条件性定量推断；常数和逸失不确定性排除现代绝对定年精度。", "sources": [ { "label": "卢瑟福：放射性矿物与地质时间（1906）", "url": "https://faculty.washington.edu/stn/ess_461/reading_open/Rutherford_radioactive_minerals_1906.pdf" } ], "aReason": "卢瑟福基于具名化学和矿物数据作条件推断；Boltwood后来的铅法不纳入。", "M": "5.5", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "欧内斯特·卢瑟福", "actorId": "SL-0020", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".60" }, { "actor": "PERSON WILLIAM RAMSAY", "actorId": "PERSON_WILLIAM_RAMSAY", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".08" }, { "actor": "PERSON MORRIS TRAVERS", "actorId": "PERSON_MORRIS_TRAVERS", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".06" }, { "actor": "PERSON WILLIAM HILLEBRAND", "actorId": "PERSON_WILLIAM_HILLEBRAND", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".06" }, { "actor": "RADIOACTIVE DECAY HELIUM ANTECEDENTS", "actorId": "RADIOACTIVE_DECAY_HELIUM_ANTECEDENTS", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".12" }, { "actor": "MINERAL PUBLICATION SUPPORT", "actorId": "MINERAL_PUBLICATION_SUPPORT", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": ".02" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "MINERAL_TIME_UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".06" } ], "share": "0.60", "exactLight": "336.8047951142094482369706238658887388809506258592149984490136542415301411858377093435147907157321835", "light": "336.804795", "standaloneScore": "5.06", "lightSharePercent": "7.8455" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0020-1909-ALPHA-HELIUM-IDENTITY", "title": "α粒子失去电荷后成为氦原子的实验识别", "year": "1909", "mReason": "隔离与光谱识别建立特定辐射—物质关系；不外推为全部核粒子结构。", "sources": [ { "label": "Rutherford—Royds 1909作者原文重印", "url": "https://web.lemoyne.edu/giunta/royds.html" } ], "aReason": "卢瑟福与Royds共同实验解释，Baumbach与前史输入保留。", "M": "5.7", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "欧内斯特·卢瑟福", "actorId": "SL-0020", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".45" }, { "actor": "PERSON THOMAS ROYDS", "actorId": "PERSON_THOMAS_ROYDS", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".40" }, { "actor": "PERSON BAUMBACH TUBE MAKER", "actorId": "PERSON_BAUMBACH_TUBE_MAKER", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".05" }, { "actor": "ALPHA CHARGE HELIUM ANTECEDENTS", "actorId": "ALPHA_CHARGE_HELIUM_ANTECEDENTS", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".04" }, { "actor": "MANCHESTER LAB PUBLICATION", "actorId": "MANCHESTER_LAB_PUBLICATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": ".02" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "HELIUM_UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".04" } ], "share": "0.45", "exactLight": "318.1256029728620598609967239851907192094948344980844065972216555813250102710381630469237988032829345", "light": "318.125603", "standaloneScore": "5.01", "lightSharePercent": "7.4104" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0020-1899-ALPHA-BETA-ABSORPTION-DISTINCTION", "title": "铀辐射的α／β吸收差异分类", "year": "1899", "mReason": "通过箔吸收比较建立可用实验分类；不计伽马或后来的粒子解释。", "sources": [ { "label": "Rutherford 1899作者原文重印", "url": "https://web.chemteam.info/Chem-History/Rutherford-Alpha%26Beta.html" }, { "label": "Rutherford 1904后出作者科学阐述（边界）", "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/files/64693/64693-h/64693-h.htm" } ], "aReason": "卢瑟福吸收比较有主要直接份额，Becquerel前史仍保留。", "M": "5.3", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "欧内斯特·卢瑟福", "actorId": "SL-0020", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".70" }, { "actor": "PERSON HENRI BECQUEREL", "actorId": "PERSON_HENRI_BECQUEREL", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".12" }, { "actor": "MONTREAL LAB PUBLICATION", "actorId": "MONTREAL_LAB_PUBLICATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": ".05" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "ALPHABETA_UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".13" } ], "share": "0.70", "exactLight": "311.9785145056741829893753670235636314641101250256101977411706466293328959888926119215059631540362534", "light": "311.978515", "standaloneScore": "4.99", "lightSharePercent": "7.2672" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0020-1908-DIRECT-ALPHA-COUNTING", "title": "α粒子的直接电学计数方法", "year": "1908", "mReason": "让单次发射可计数并与光学计数比较；不计后来的盖革—缪勒管。", "sources": [ { "label": "卢瑟福与盖革：α粒子的电学计数论文", "url": "https://www.douglas-scott-mcgregor.com/uploads/1/3/3/5/133545016/geiger00.pdf" } ], "aReason": "卢瑟福与Geiger为实质合作者，轻微不对称仅为规范领导判断。", "M": "5.4", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "欧内斯特·卢瑟福", "actorId": "SL-0020", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".45" }, { "actor": "PERSON HANS GEIGER", "actorId": "PERSON_HANS_GEIGER", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".40" }, { "actor": "ALPHA COUNTING ANTECEDENTS", "actorId": "ALPHA_COUNTING_ANTECEDENTS", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".06" }, { "actor": "MANCHESTER LAB PUBLICATION", "actorId": "MANCHESTER_LAB_PUBLICATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": ".03" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "COUNTING_UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".06" } ], "share": "0.45", "exactLight": "225.0842551322725282506993840982255956272123954247686687683638551500550650599738100318967427966639317", "light": "225.084255", "standaloneScore": "4.71", "lightSharePercent": "5.2431" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0019-1913-PART1-SINGLE-ELECTRON-SPECTRAL-FRAMEWORK", "title": "单电子原子谱的定量解释框架", "year": "1913", "mReason": "首篇以定态和跃迁解释氢谱并处理单电子氦谱，属学科基础知识；不导入后续修正或现代量子力学。", "sources": [ { "label": "玻尔《原子与分子的构成》第一部分（1913）", "url": "https://antimatter.ie/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/bohrs-1913-paper.pdf" } ], "aReason": "冻结预算为玻尔60%、卢瑟福10%、量子前史12%、光谱观测10%、未分配8%；不是测得比例。", "M": "6.7", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "尼尔斯·玻尔", "actorId": "SL-0019", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.60" }, { "actor": "欧内斯特·卢瑟福", "actorId": "SL-0020", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.10" }, { "actor": "TRANSMITTED QUANTUM PREHISTORY POOL", "actorId": "TRANSMITTED_QUANTUM_PREHISTORY_POOL", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.12" }, { "actor": "PRIOR SPECTRAL LAWS AND OBSERVATIONS POOL", "actorId": "PRIOR_SPECTRAL_LAWS_AND_OBSERVATIONS_POOL", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.10" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "BOHR_PART1_UNRESOLVED_SUPPORT", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.08" } ], "share": "0.10", "exactLight": "223.7721138568339611954950852465742333707261397683803528065353233956717933578014309767447619490927770", "light": "223.772114", "standaloneScore": "4.70", "lightSharePercent": "5.2125" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0020-1934-JOINT-HEAVY-HYDROGEN-EMISSION-OBSERVATION", "title": "重氢核反应中的联合发射观察", "year": "1934", "mReason": "只采纳原通信清楚报告的发射观察；模糊组、后续解释与应用排除。", "sources": [ { "label": "Nature 1934原始短通信可见摘要", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/133413a0" }, { "label": "Helge Kragh：原子核研究史（摘要）", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1202.0954" } ], "missing": "原始短通信链接提供可见摘要；未将摘要以外的完整实验解释或后续应用计入。", "aReason": "三位实质联合作者各0.30；并列是规范点，不是事实上的等量劳动。", "M": "5.7", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "欧内斯特·卢瑟福", "actorId": "SL-0020", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".30" }, { "actor": "PERSON MARK OLIPHANT", "actorId": "PERSON_MARK_OLIPHANT", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".30" }, { "actor": "PERSON PAUL HARTECK", "actorId": "PERSON_PAUL_HARTECK", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".30" }, { "actor": "LIGHT NUCLEUS EXPERIMENT INPUTS", "actorId": "LIGHT_NUCLEUS_EXPERIMENT_INPUTS", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".06" }, { "actor": "CAVENDISH LAB PUBLICATION", "actorId": "CAVENDISH_LAB_PUBLICATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": ".02" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "HEAVY_HYDROGEN_UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".02" } ], "share": "0.30", "exactLight": "212.0837353152413732406644826567938128063298896653896043981477703875500068473587753646158658688552897", "light": "212.083735", "standaloneScore": "4.66", "lightSharePercent": "4.9402" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0020-1914-JOINT-GAMMA-DIFFRACTION-SPECTRAL-MEASUREMENT", "title": "γ射线衍射波长与光谱的联合测量", "year": "1914", "mReason": "早期衍射测量带来新测量能力；不计Laue／Bragg发现或后来的光谱工业。", "sources": [ { "label": "NIST／PMC独立技术史", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4878340/" }, { "label": "IOP专业历史综述", "url": "https://www.iop.org/sites/default/files/2024-11/history-of-physics-group-nucleus-to-neutrons.pdf" }, { "label": "IUCr的Andrade回顾（参与者来源）", "url": "https://www.iucr.org/publ/50yearsofxraydiffraction/full-text/andrade" } ], "aReason": "卢瑟福与Andrade的联合实验为规范并列；方法前史仍保留。", "M": "5.4", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "欧内斯特·卢瑟福", "actorId": "SL-0020", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".40" }, { "actor": "PERSON EDWARD ANDRADE", "actorId": "PERSON_EDWARD_ANDRADE", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".40" }, { "actor": "LAUE CRYSTAL DIFFRACTION INPUT", "actorId": "LAUE_CRYSTAL_DIFFRACTION_INPUT", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".06" }, { "actor": "BRAGG CRYSTAL ANALYSIS INPUT", "actorId": "BRAGG_CRYSTAL_ANALYSIS_INPUT", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".06" }, { "actor": "MOSELEY SPECTRAL INPUT", "actorId": "MOSELEY_SPECTRAL_INPUT", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".02" }, { "actor": "MANCHESTER LAB PUBLICATION", "actorId": "MANCHESTER_LAB_PUBLICATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": ".02" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "GAMMA_UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".04" } ], "share": "0.40", "exactLight": "200.0748934509089140006216747539783072241887959331277055718789823556045022755322755839082158192568282", "light": "200.074893", "standaloneScore": "4.61", "lightSharePercent": "4.6605" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0020-1897-MAGNETIC-WAVE-DETECTOR", "title": "赫兹波磁性接收与探测器", "year": "1895–1897", "mReason": "已证实的远距电磁波接收器／探测方法，不是运行中的通信网络。", "sources": [ { "label": "马可尼1902年论文对卢瑟福磁性探测器的记述", "url": "https://sowp.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/LR-1801301903-Marconi-Detector-Paper.pdf" } ], "missing": "当前链接为马可尼对先前工作的记述；卢瑟福原论文全文链接待补。", "aReason": "卢瑟福建造和演示探测器；Henry的原理与实验室输入保留。", "M": "4.6", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "欧内斯特·卢瑟福", "actorId": "SL-0020", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".70" }, { "actor": "HERTZIAN ELECTROMAGNETIC INPUTS", "actorId": "HERTZIAN_ELECTROMAGNETIC_INPUTS", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".15" }, { "actor": "CAMBRIDGE LAB PUBLICATION", "actorId": "CAMBRIDGE_LAB_PUBLICATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": ".05" }, { "actor": "未分配", "actorId": "MAGNETIC_DETECTOR_UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".10" } ], "share": "0.70", "exactLight": "138.9683620478215720946718777717674890590392020783742269460939566903451637488634275132766055858274357", "light": "138.968362", "standaloneScore": "4.29", "lightSharePercent": "3.2371" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0019-1913-CLASSICAL-STOPPING-ABSORPTION-THEORY", "title": "带电粒子阻止与吸收的经典电子响应方法", "year": "1913", "mReason": "以受物理约束的电子响应取代任意处理，形成有限域内可复用方法；不纳入后来的量子阻止理论。", "sources": [ { "label": "《玻尔文集》第八卷：带电粒子穿透物质（导论预览）", "url": "https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9780080871066_A23591493/preview-9780080871066_A23591493.pdf" } ], "missing": "本项依据已查文集导论与1912年讲演译文；1913年原论文全文尚待补核。", "aReason": "玻尔独立完成束缚电子处理，交付这一有限的经典电子响应方法；查尔斯·高尔顿·达尔文的先行处理及卢瑟福的实测与传播作为明确输入保留，其中卢瑟福份额只投影一次，且不重复计入其1911散射终态。色散与已测输入池、研究发表支持和未解余账分别保留为未逐人拆分的前提、机构条件与未落实责任。", "M": "5.8", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "尼尔斯·玻尔", "actorId": "SL-0019", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".65" }, { "actor": "查尔斯·高尔顿·达尔文", "actorId": "PERSON_CHARLES_GALTON_DARWIN", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".08" }, { "actor": "欧内斯特·卢瑟福", "actorId": "SL-0020", "type": "PERSON", "share": ".08" }, { "actor": "色散与已测输入池", "actorId": "DISPERSION_AND_MEASURED_INPUT_POOL", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": ".10" }, { "actor": "研究与发表支持", "actorId": "RESEARCH_PUBLICATION_SUPPORT", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": ".03" }, { "actor": "未解支持余账", "actorId": "STOPPING_SUPPORT_UNRESOLVED", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": ".06" } ], "share": "0.08", "exactLight": "63.46625877794252016527346262691103460711685054043874656738591434535645577531900299976762014777522225", "light": "63.466259", "standaloneScore": "3.62", "lightSharePercent": "1.4784" }, { "id": "OUT-CURIES-C21", "title": "国际镭计量与校准链", "year": "1911 年起", "summary": "玛丽·居里制备纯氯化镭参考物；奥托·赫尼希施密德制备比较和分发标准，经样品比较、国际保管、跨国认证与美国国家实验室校准，形成一条有界的国际镭计量链。", "mReason": "参考物、独立比较与分发、国际保管、跨国认证和国家实验室实际校准共同构成国际性重要的计量方法与平台。", "aReason": "本人物归功：玛丽·居里（22.00%）：制备21.99毫克纯氯化镭参考物，并参与美国次级标准认证；份额不扩张为整个国际系统或以单位名义加分。。完整预算：玛丽·居里（22.00%）：制备21.99毫克纯氯化镭参考物，并参与美国次级标准认证；份额不扩张为整个国际系统或以单位名义加分。；奥托·赫尼希施密德（20.00%）：明确制备比较与分发标准，是把单一参考物转为可传递计量链的直接关键动作。；斯特凡·迈耶（7.00%）：参与美国第6号标准的认证，领取限定的跨国认证责任。；欧内斯特·卢瑟福（5.00%）：Rutherford参与美国次级标准认证；只领取认证动作，不领取其其他放射性研究。；国际计量局参考物保管（12.00%）：BIPM承担国际参考物的制度保管和可复核接口。；美国国家标准局校准服务（10.00%）：NBS于1914年实际用标准校准提交制备物，完成国家计量服务交付。；居里研究所镭含量测量服务（8.00%）：研究所工作人员提供镭含量测量服务；该制度劳动不归为玛丽个人全部贡献。；未具名的直接研究、实施或支持投入（12.00%）：委员会、四样品比较实验室与分发链的其他参与者未完整具名，保留共同制度与实验责任。；未具名的直接研究、实施或支持投入（4.00%）：原证书和完整保管链未读，为未知直接操作保留余账。", "overlapNote": "只计参考物、比较、保管、认证与校准；不重复镭纯化，不将后世核计量、医学需求或治疗结果合并。", "sources": [ { "label": "美国国家标准与技术研究院：1913 年美国居里标准", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/pml/marie-curie-and-nbs-radium-standards/1913-us-curie-standard" }, { "label": "美国物理联合会：居里研究所（二）", "url": "https://history.aip.org/exhibits/curie/radinst2_text.htm" } ], "missing": "原始证书、委员会记录、比较实验细节、保管链和研究所测量服务的时间范围尚待核读。", "M": "5.0", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "玛丽·居里", "actorId": "SL-0005", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.22" }, { "actor": "奥托·赫尼希施密德", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Otto Hönigschmid", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.20" }, { "actor": "斯特凡·迈耶", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Stefan Meyer", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.07" }, { "actor": "欧内斯特·卢瑟福", "actorId": "SL-0020", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.05" }, { "actor": "国际计量局参考物保管", "actorId": "INSTITUTION:C21-BIPM-REFERENCE-CUSTODY", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.12" }, { "actor": "美国国家标准局校准服务", "actorId": "INSTITUTION:C21-US-NBS-CALIBRATION-DELIVERY", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.10" }, { "actor": "居里研究所镭含量测量服务", "actorId": "INSTITUTION:C21-CURIE-INSTITUTE-RADIUM-CONTENT-SERVICE", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.08" }, { "actor": "未具名的直接研究、实施或支持投入", "actorId": "UNALLOCATED:C21-INTERNATIONAL-STANDARDS-COMMITTEE-AND-COMPARISON-LABS", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.12" }, { "actor": "未具名的直接研究、实施或支持投入", "actorId": "UNALLOCATED:C21-UNKNOWN-PREPARATION-CUSTODY-AND-CALIBRATION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.04" } ], "share": "0.05", "exactLight": "15.76138830084189665999446772216359266859777569662608413428752426396297219319619110672124054189650148", "light": "15.761388", "standaloneScore": "2.45", "lightSharePercent": "0.3671" }, { "id": "OUT-CURIES-C04", "title": "β 射线负电荷核验", "year": "1900 年前后（原始论文待核）", "summary": "居里夫妇以电学和场偏转相关实验核验放射性物质的 β 射线携带负电荷，并将结论限定在当时可比拟电子和阴极射线的实验范围内。", "mReason": "这是在放射物理中持续成立的专门实验判断，明确了 β 辐射的负电性质。", "aReason": "本人物归功：皮埃尔·居里（28.00%）：与玛丽共同完成负电荷核验；份额只限于本实验判断，不领取全部放射线分类。。完整预算：玛丽·居里（28.00%）：1905讲演明确称玛丽与皮埃尔共同核验β射线携带负电；具体内部动作未拆清，采用对称的中央责任估计。；皮埃尔·居里（28.00%）：与玛丽共同完成负电荷核验；份额只限于本实验判断，不领取全部放射线分类。；欧内斯特·卢瑟福（8.00%）：Rutherford提供α/β射线分类及场行为研究背景，是本项明确前史，不等于共同完成居里夫妇的负电荷核验。；亨利·贝克勒尔（4.00%）：Becquerel的铀辐射发现及后续射线研究构成前史，只领取与本实验问题相连的有限输入。；约瑟夫·约翰·汤姆孙（4.00%）：电子/阴极射线框架是β射线负电解释的明确理论与实验前史，不领取放射性射线核验。；原始研究的公开发表（4.00%）：原始实验公开交付的有限制度责任；期刊身份不替代实验贡献。；未具名的直接研究、实施或支持投入（24.00%）：原论文和分工未读，保留装置、实验协助及同期射线研究中尚未落实的直接输入，避免用综述名单填满预算。", "overlapNote": "只计 β 射线的共同核验，与二次 X 射线实验及电子发现分开。", "sources": [ { "label": "皮埃尔·居里，1905 年诺贝尔讲演", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/pierre-curie-lecture.pdf" } ], "missing": "原始论文、装置、定量结论及同期工作的关系尚未直接核读。", "M": "3.0", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "玛丽·居里", "actorId": "SL-0005", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.28" }, { "actor": "皮埃尔·居里", "actorId": "SL-0033", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.28" }, { "actor": "欧内斯特·卢瑟福", "actorId": "SL-0020", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.08" }, { "actor": "亨利·贝克勒尔", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Henri Becquerel", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.04" }, { "actor": "约瑟夫·约翰·汤姆孙", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Joseph John Thomson", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.04" }, { "actor": "原始研究的公开发表", "actorId": "INSTITUTION:C04-BETA-CHARGE-ORIGINAL-PUBLICATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.04" }, { "actor": "未具名的直接研究、实施或支持投入", "actorId": "UNALLOCATED:C04-EXPERIMENTAL-APPARATUS-AND-CONTEMPORARY-RAY-INPUTS", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.24" } ], "share": "0.08", "exactLight": "2.449822128134703465599114835546174826975644111460173461486003882234075550911390577075398486703440236", "light": "2.449822", "standaloneScore": "1.08", "lightSharePercent": "0.0571" }, { "id": "OUT-CURIES-C20", "title": "钋样品的后续表征", "year": "1911 年前（讲演回顾）", "summary": "玛丽·居里与德比埃尔纳将后续钋样品浓集至可进行光谱观察以及放射粒子、氦量比较的实验材料，形成发现之后的钋表征与测量链。", "mReason": "明确的样品处理、候选谱线与实验测量构成超出早期元素识别的有界专业实验链。", "aReason": "本人物归功：玛丽·居里（40.00%）：共同浓集和光谱表征的已述动作；不把下文被动叙述的全部粒子计数工作归为玛丽独自实施。。完整预算：玛丽·居里（40.00%）：共同浓集和光谱表征的已述动作；不把下文被动叙述的全部粒子计数工作归为玛丽独自实施。；安德烈-路易·德比埃尔纳（35.00%）：共同制样与讲演明确归于Debierne的钋产氦验证；不只视为辅助。；欧内斯特·卢瑟福（8.00%）：讲演明确粒子计数采用Rutherford电测方法；只分该具体方法前提。；未具名的直接研究、实施或支持投入（14.00%）：工厂处理、样品、光谱和记录装置等未逐人落实输入。；原始研究的公开发表（3.00%）：公开实验知识交付。", "overlapNote": "与 1898 年识别及镭的化学身份成熟分开；不将蜕变理论或氦发现并入。", "sources": [ { "label": "玛丽·居里，1911 年诺贝尔讲演", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1911/marie-curie/lecture/" } ], "missing": "共同实验论文、作者动作、谱线归属和粒子计数分工尚待核实。", "M": "3.0", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "玛丽·居里", "actorId": "SL-0005", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.40" }, { "actor": "安德烈-路易·德比埃尔纳", "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:André-Louis Debierne", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.35" }, { "actor": "欧内斯特·卢瑟福", "actorId": "SL-0020", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.08" }, { "actor": "未具名的直接研究、实施或支持投入", "actorId": "UNALLOCATED:C20-LAB-FACTORY-AND-MEASUREMENT-INPUTS", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.14" }, { "actor": "原始研究的公开发表", "actorId": "INSTITUTION:C20-ORIGINAL-PUBLICATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.03" } ], "share": "0.08", "exactLight": "2.449822128134703465599114835546174826975644111460173461486003882234075550911390577075398486703440236", "light": "2.449822", "standaloneScore": "1.08", "lightSharePercent": "0.0571" }, { "id": "OUT-CURIES-C18", "title": "《放射性论》的课程化综合", "year": "1910", "summary": "玛丽·居里以索邦近期放射性课程为基础，独立署名出版两卷《放射性论》，系统组织离子与电子、实验与测量、放射性物质、射气、诱导放射性、转变理论和辐射性质。", "mReason": "两卷著作实际出版，并明确来自已开设的课程，形成可持续复用的系统文本，超出一次讲演或未实施的教学意图。", "aReason": "本人物归功：皮埃尔·居里（5.00%）：皮埃尔1906年去世，不领取1910课程或写作的直接份额；仅保留其被综合的共同早期研究作为有限知识前史。。完整预算：玛丽·居里（52.00%）：标题页和导言明确玛丽为作者，并说明著作源自她的索邦课程；份额限于课程组织、综合和成书劳动。；皮埃尔·居里（5.00%）：皮埃尔1906年去世，不领取1910课程或写作的直接份额；仅保留其被综合的共同早期研究作为有限知识前史。；欧内斯特·卢瑟福（6.00%）：转变理论等内容有明确的Rutherford知识前史；此份额不把其理论写成玛丽著作的原创成果。；未具名的直接研究、实施或支持投入（17.00%）：两卷本综合广泛物理和化学研究，逐章来源图尚未完成，保留其他研究者的知识投入。；索邦课程组织与交付（8.00%）：索邦课程提供已实际发生的教学场景和组织载体，不以学校声望替代作者劳动。；Gauthier-Villars 出版社（8.00%）：出版社承担两卷文本的编辑、印制和公开交付。；未具名的直接研究、实施或支持投入（4.00%）：具体编辑、校对、图表和印制人员未具名，保留有限余账。", "overlapNote": "只计课程化组织和著作交付；书中重述的原始科研、其他研究者理论和皮埃尔的早期教学不合并。", "sources": [ { "label": "玛丽·居里，1910 年《放射性论》", "url": "https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_radioactivité" }, { "label": "《放射性论》导言", "url": "https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_radioactivité/Introduction" } ], "missing": "课程日期、学生范围、销量、版次、译本、评论、采用史与逐章归因图尚缺。", "M": "2.0", "status": "已纳入研究估分", "budget": [ { "actor": "玛丽·居里", "actorId": "SL-0005", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.52" }, { "actor": "皮埃尔·居里", "actorId": "SL-0033", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.05" }, { "actor": "欧内斯特·卢瑟福", "actorId": "SL-0020", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.06" }, { "actor": "未具名的直接研究、实施或支持投入", "actorId": "UNALLOCATED:C18-UNDERLYING-RESEARCHERS-AND-SOURCE-ATTRIBUTIONS", "type": "PREDECESSOR", "share": "0.17" }, { "actor": "索邦课程组织与交付", "actorId": "INSTITUTION:C18-SORBONNE-COURSE-DELIVERY", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.08" }, { "actor": "Gauthier-Villars 出版社", "actorId": "INSTITUTION:C18-GAUTHIER-VILLARS-PUBLICATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.08" }, { "actor": "未具名的直接研究、实施或支持投入", "actorId": "UNALLOCATED:C18-EDITORIAL-AND-MATERIAL-PRODUCTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.04" } ], "share": "0.06", "exactLight": "0.54", "light": "0.540000", "standaloneScore": "0.38", "lightSharePercent": "0.0126" } ], "exclusions": [], "provisionalCount": 0, "provenance": { "releaseId": "research-200-20260914", "baselineLedgerSha256": "8bdd406b3e20ae22357644499e622922c670ff11010df0478c70c23b38902108", "c24DeltaSha256": "b0b96144d1d3397e54a61c3d706ff2da5920fe7617e3bef50407149cb97d9d62", "generatorSha256": "25de659e9852503508e7c27d8a31773b8da5d6310531b1e3699d18cc94319929" }, "priorScopeNote": "16项已列贡献的研究估分。账本覆盖有限的主要成果，尚未穷尽生涯。M与归功份额是可修订的评估判断；未覆盖经历和负面影响不按零处理。", "rank": 9 }