{ "personId": "sergei-korolev", "uid": "SL-0123", "name": "谢尔盖·科罗廖夫", "version": "V2研究贡献账", "updatedAt": "2026-09-15", "formula": { "q": "Q = 10^(M/2) − 1", "light": "Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ", "total": "L = Σ Lᵢ", "score": "S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L)" }, "scopeNote": "本轮当前已列6项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。", "exclusions": [], "items": [ { "id": "OUT-SL0123-1957-SPUTNIK-ONE-ORBITAL-SATELLITE", "title": "Sputnik 1轨道卫星系统交付", "year": "1957", "summary": "把卫星设想转化为实际入轨、可被全球接收的工作系统。 1957年Sputnik 1的最小卫星、无线电、电源、轨道和发射整合；R-7通用运载价值已在R-7点消费，本点只计首次持续轨道信号与卫星交付。", "mReason": "NASA项目史给出具体核心成员、报告、无线电和电池团队，按首次工作轨道卫星终态取M6.5。", "aReason": "Korolev0.13，Tikhonravov0.16，Glushko0.11，Keldysh0.09，团队0.28，前史0.07，机构0.05，未解析0.11。", "sources": [ { "label": "NASA History", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/history/sputnik/korolev.html" }, { "label": "NASA History", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/history/sputnik/siddiqi.html" }, { "label": "NASA History", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/history/sputnik/russ5.html" }, { "label": "NASA History", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/history/sputnik/russ1.html" } ], "missing": "核心团队内无线电、电池、结构和轨道岗位尚需档案级份额校准。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "1957年Sputnik 1的最小卫星、无线电、电源、轨道和发射整合；R-7通用运载价值已在R-7点消费，本点只计首次持续轨道信号与卫星交付。", "M": "6.5", "budget": [ { "actor": "谢尔盖·科罗廖夫", "actorId": "SL-0123", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.13" }, { "actor": "MIKHAIL TIKHONRAVOV（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "EXT-NAME:MIKHAIL-TIKHONRAVOV", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.16" }, { "actor": "瓦连京·格鲁什科", "actorId": "SL-0495", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.11" }, { "actor": "姆斯季斯拉夫·克尔德什", "actorId": "SL-1185", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.09" }, { "actor": "SPUTNIK DESIGN RADIO BATTERY AND LAUNCH TEAMS（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::SPUTNIK-DESIGN-RADIO-BATTERY-AND-LAUNCH-TEAMS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.28" }, { "actor": "EARLY SATELLITE AND ORBITAL SCIENCE PREHISTORY（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::EARLY-SATELLITE-AND-ORBITAL-SCIENCE-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.07" }, { "actor": "SOVIET ACADEMIC AND SPACE INSTITUTIONS（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::SOVIET-ACADEMIC-AND-SPACE-INSTITUTIONS", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.05" }, { "actor": "UNRESOLVED SPUTNIK ATTRIBUTION（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::UNRESOLVED-SPUTNIK-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.11" } ], "share": "0.13", "exactLight": "231.0463233050599641593047553750490298156527684322931965415379939609192446001341946370390519062312802", "light": "231.046323", "standaloneScore": "4.73", "lightSharePercent": "23.1409" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0123-1961-1965-VOSTOK-VOSKHOD-HUMAN-SPACEFLIGHT", "title": "Vostok/Voskhod早期载人航天系统", "year": "1961", "summary": "形成可载人入轨、生命保障、返回和地面运行的工作系统，并扩展到多人及舱外活动。 Vostok首次载人轨道飞行及Voskhod多人/舱外活动前期系统族；不按每次飞行重复M，不重复R-7平台通用价值。", "mReason": "按首次载人轨道系统和早期扩展的文明技术范围取M6.4。", "aReason": "Korolev0.14，宇航员团队0.13，工程医疗运行团队0.42，前史0.10，机构0.08，未解析0.13。", "sources": [ { "label": "NASA History", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/history/sputnik/korolev.html" }, { "label": "NASA History", "url": "https://www.esa.int/About_Us/50_years_of_ESA/50_years_of_humans_in_space/Sergei_Korolev_Father_of_the_Soviet_Union_s_success_in_space" } ], "missing": "Voskhod安全妥协、试验动物项目和具体子系统责任需进一步原始档案。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "Vostok首次载人轨道飞行及Voskhod多人/舱外活动前期系统族；不按每次飞行重复M，不重复R-7平台通用价值。", "M": "6.4", "budget": [ { "actor": "谢尔盖·科罗廖夫", "actorId": "SL-0123", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.14" }, { "actor": "YURI GAGARIN AND EARLY COSMONAUTS（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::YURI-GAGARIN-AND-EARLY-COSMONAUTS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.13" }, { "actor": "VOSTOK VOSKHOD DESIGN MEDICAL TRACKING AND LAUNCH TEAMS（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::VOSTOK-VOSKHOD-DESIGN-MEDICAL-TRACKING-AND-LAUNCH-TEAMS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.42" }, { "actor": "R7 AND UNCREWED SPACECRAFT PREHISTORY（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::R7-AND-UNCREWED-SPACECRAFT-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.1" }, { "actor": "SOVIET SPACE AND MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::SOVIET-SPACE-AND-MEDICAL-INSTITUTIONS", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.08" }, { "actor": "UNRESOLVED HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT ATTRIBUTION（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::UNRESOLVED-HUMAN-SPACEFLIGHT-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.13" } ], "share": "0.14", "exactLight": "221.7450469445558879282941922748109818577218987355054695642815537243319609135835572154283813384555462", "light": "221.745047", "standaloneScore": "4.70", "lightSharePercent": "22.2093" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0123-1957-R7-LAUNCH-SYSTEM", "title": "R-7多级运载与洲际导弹系统工程交付", "year": "1957", "summary": "形成高推力多发动机簇、多级系统与发射基础设施的可运行整合，足以承担洲际弹道与轨道发射。 R-7作为1957年前后实际试验和可用的多级远程火箭/运载器平台；不把Sputnik、Luna和Vostok各自的任务终态重复计入本点。", "mReason": "按可运行重型多级运载平台与洲际武器系统的双重用途终态取M6.0，未把军事合同本身当正贡献。", "aReason": "Korolev0.18，Glushko0.14，Tikhonravov0.08，工程团队0.37，前史0.09，机构0.06，未解析0.08。", "sources": [ { "label": "NASA History", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/history/sputnik/korolev.html" }, { "label": "NASA History", "url": "https://www.esa.int/About_Us/50_years_of_ESA/50_years_of_humans_in_space/Sergei_Korolev_Father_of_the_Soviet_Union_s_success_in_space" }, { "label": "NASA History", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/history/sputnik/siddiqi.html" } ], "missing": "军用部署、威慑与事故后果的净评价未闭合；不另造净算式。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "R-7作为1957年前后实际试验和可用的多级远程火箭/运载器平台；不把Sputnik、Luna和Vostok各自的任务终态重复计入本点。", "M": "6.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "谢尔盖·科罗廖夫", "actorId": "SL-0123", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.18" }, { "actor": "瓦连京·格鲁什科", "actorId": "SL-0495", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.14" }, { "actor": "MIKHAIL TIKHONRAVOV（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "EXT-NAME:MIKHAIL-TIKHONRAVOV", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.08" }, { "actor": "R7 DESIGN MANUFACTURING AND TEST TEAMS（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::R7-DESIGN-MANUFACTURING-AND-TEST-TEAMS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.37" }, { "actor": "EARLY MULTISTAGE AND BALLISTIC ROCKETRY（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::EARLY-MULTISTAGE-AND-BALLISTIC-ROCKETRY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.09" }, { "actor": "SOVIET DEFENSE AND LAUNCH INSTITUTIONS（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::SOVIET-DEFENSE-AND-LAUNCH-INSTITUTIONS", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.06" }, { "actor": "UNRESOLVED R7 ATTRIBUTION（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::UNRESOLVED-R7-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.08" } ], "share": "0.18", "exactLight": "179.82", "light": "179.820000", "standaloneScore": "4.51", "lightSharePercent": "18.0102" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0123-1959-1966-ROBOTIC-LUNAR-PLANETARY-PROBES", "title": "Luna及早期行星自动探测工程族", "year": "1959", "summary": "把轨道卫星能力扩展为深空通信、导航、成像与月球/行星目标的自动任务。 Luna 1/2/3等首次月球飞越、撞击与远侧成像，以及Korolev时期早期金星/火星自动探测工程；合为自动探测任务族，不按探测器编号复制M。", "mReason": "按多种实际自动探测终态的共同深空任务能力取M6.0；失败任务不以投入或数量加分。", "aReason": "Korolev0.14，Keldysh0.10，工程运行团队0.39，科学仪器团队0.12，前史0.08，机构0.07，未解析0.10。", "sources": [ { "label": "NASA History", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/history/sputnik/korolev.html" }, { "label": "NASA History", "url": "https://www.esa.int/About_Us/50_years_of_ESA/50_years_of_humans_in_space/Sergei_Korolev_Father_of_the_Soviet_Union_s_success_in_space" } ], "missing": "各探测器成功与失败边界、仪器负责人及Keldysh的具体任务份额仍需项目档案。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "Luna 1/2/3等首次月球飞越、撞击与远侧成像，以及Korolev时期早期金星/火星自动探测工程；合为自动探测任务族，不按探测器编号复制M。", "M": "6.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "谢尔盖·科罗廖夫", "actorId": "SL-0123", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.14" }, { "actor": "姆斯季斯拉夫·克尔德什", "actorId": "SL-1185", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.1" }, { "actor": "OKB1 ROBOTIC PROBE ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::OKB1-ROBOTIC-PROBE-ENGINEERING-AND-OPERATIONS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.39" }, { "actor": "SOVIET SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT TEAMS（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::SOVIET-SCIENTIFIC-INSTRUMENT-TEAMS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.12" }, { "actor": "EARLY ROCKET AND PLANETARY SCIENCE PREHISTORY（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::EARLY-ROCKET-AND-PLANETARY-SCIENCE-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.08" }, { "actor": "SOVIET ACADEMY AND LAUNCH INSTITUTIONS（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::SOVIET-ACADEMY-AND-LAUNCH-INSTITUTIONS", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.07" }, { "actor": "UNRESOLVED SOVIET PROBE ATTRIBUTION（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::UNRESOLVED-SOVIET-PROBE-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.1" } ], "share": "0.14", "exactLight": "139.86", "light": "139.860000", "standaloneScore": "4.30", "lightSharePercent": "14.0079" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0123-1962-1966-SOYUZ-MODULAR-SPACECRAFT-DEVELOPMENT", "title": "Soyuz模块化载人飞船的Korolev时期设计开发", "year": "1962", "summary": "将单次早期飞船推进为含轨道舱、返回舱和服务舱的较长期模块化任务架构。 Korolev在世期间Soyuz模块化飞船总体方案和早期开发，以及直接后继团队完成初代系统的必要份额；不把数十年改型和ISS服务回灌。", "mReason": "按在世期间已形成并进入开发、由直接团队完成的模块化飞船工程终态取M5.8。", "aReason": "Korolev0.15，设计试验团队0.45，前史0.12，机构0.07，后继完成团队0.12，未解析0.09。", "sources": [ { "label": "NASA History", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/history/sputnik/korolev.html" }, { "label": "NASA History", "url": "https://www.esa.int/About_Us/50_years_of_ESA/50_years_of_humans_in_space/Sergei_Korolev_Father_of_the_Soviet_Union_s_success_in_space" } ], "missing": "Korolev去世时设计成熟度、Soyuz 1事故责任链与后继修改尚需工程档案。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "Korolev在世期间Soyuz模块化飞船总体方案和早期开发，以及直接后继团队完成初代系统的必要份额；不把数十年改型和ISS服务回灌。", "M": "5.8", "budget": [ { "actor": "谢尔盖·科罗廖夫", "actorId": "SL-0123", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.15" }, { "actor": "OKB1 SOYUZ DESIGN AND TEST TEAM（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::OKB1-SOYUZ-DESIGN-AND-TEST-TEAM", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.45" }, { "actor": "VOSTOK AND RENDEZVOUS SPACECRAFT PREHISTORY（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::VOSTOK-AND-RENDEZVOUS-SPACECRAFT-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.12" }, { "actor": "SOVIET SPACE INSTITUTIONS（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::SOVIET-SPACE-INSTITUTIONS", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.07" }, { "actor": "POST KOROLEV SOYUZ COMPLETION TEAM（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::POST-KOROLEV-SOYUZ-COMPLETION-TEAM", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.12" }, { "actor": "UNRESOLVED SOYUZ ATTRIBUTION（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::UNRESOLVED-SOYUZ-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.09" } ], "share": "0.15", "exactLight": "118.9992352086422253098877424254581898883440947633226498138485893975433545787231306245642877770785417", "light": "118.999235", "standaloneScore": "4.16", "lightSharePercent": "11.9186" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0123-1931-1940-GIRD-EARLY-ROCKET-ENGINEERING", "title": "GIRD火箭组织与早期液体火箭、火箭滑翔机交付", "year": "1931", "summary": "把分散兴趣组织成制造与试验团队，并形成苏联本土可运行的早期液体火箭和火箭滑翔机交付。 1931–1940年前后的GIRD组织、GIRD-09/10液体火箭及RP-318火箭滑翔机一类早期工程终态；不含后来的R-7、卫星和载人航天。", "mReason": "官方传记明确GIRD共同创立与具体早期型号；按早期可运行火箭工程及组织方法取M5.3。", "aReason": "Korolev0.24，Zander0.18，GIRD团队0.31，火箭前史0.14，机构0.05，未解析0.08。", "sources": [ { "label": "NASA History", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/history/sputnik/korolev.html" }, { "label": "NASA History", "url": "https://www.esa.int/About_Us/50_years_of_ESA/50_years_of_humans_in_space/Sergei_Korolev_Father_of_the_Soviet_Union_s_success_in_space" } ], "missing": "GIRD各发动机设计、RP-318飞行试验的逐人分工仍需档案细化。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "1931–1940年前后的GIRD组织、GIRD-09/10液体火箭及RP-318火箭滑翔机一类早期工程终态；不含后来的R-7、卫星和载人航天。", "M": "5.3", "budget": [ { "actor": "谢尔盖·科罗廖夫", "actorId": "SL-0123", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.24" }, { "actor": "FRIEDRICH ZANDER（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "EXT-NAME:FRIEDRICH-ZANDER", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.18" }, { "actor": "GIRD ENGINEERS AND TEST CREWS（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::GIRD-ENGINEERS-AND-TEST-CREWS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.31" }, { "actor": "TSIOLKOVSKY GODDARD OBERTH AND EARLY ROCKETRY（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::TSIOLKOVSKY-GODDARD-OBERTH-AND-EARLY-ROCKETRY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.14" }, { "actor": "SOVIET EARLY ROCKET INSTITUTIONS（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::SOVIET-EARLY-ROCKET-INSTITUTIONS", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.05" }, { "actor": "UNRESOLVED GIRD ATTRIBUTION（预算列明角色）", "actorId": "SERGEI-KOROLEV::UNRESOLVED-GIRD-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.08" } ], "share": "0.24", "exactLight": "106.9640621162311484535001258366503879305520428659234963684013645586284214819060383730877587956695726", "light": "106.964062", "standaloneScore": "4.07", "lightSharePercent": "10.7132" } ], "exactTotalLight": "998.4346675744892258509868159119685894922708047970448122880695016414229815743469208501194798174349407", "totalLight": "998.434668", "exactScore": "5.999508819641142060978122543771450270586719085923485484911563073070852804806056661982879026559396128", "displayScore": "6.00", "provisionalCount": 6, "provenance": { "releaseId": "research-200-20260914", "baselineLedgerSha256": "8bdd406b3e20ae22357644499e622922c670ff11010df0478c70c23b38902108", "c24DeltaSha256": "b0b96144d1d3397e54a61c3d706ff2da5920fe7617e3bef50407149cb97d9d62", "generatorSha256": "25de659e9852503508e7c27d8a31773b8da5d6310531b1e3699d18cc94319929" }, "priorScopeNote": "6项已列贡献的研究估分，含6项暂估。账本覆盖有限的主要成果，尚未穷尽生涯。M与归功份额是可修订的评估判断；未覆盖经历和负面影响不按零处理。", "rank": 76 }