{ "personId": "sl-0897", "uid": "SL-0897", "name": "史蒂夫·乔布斯", "version": "V2研究贡献账", "updatedAt": "2026-09-15", "formula": { "q": "Q = 10^(M/2) − 1", "light": "Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ", "total": "L = Σ Lᵢ", "score": "S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L)" }, "scopeNote": "本轮当前已列6项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。", "exclusions": [ { "id": "JOBS-SCOPE-1", "title": "未纳入范围与责任边界", "reason": "Wozniak 的硬件/软件工程、Mach 的创制、NeXTSTEP 与 Apple 产品的全部工程、Pixar 电影创作和 Disney 发行不归乔布斯。", "sources": [ { "label": "原始机构资料与历史研究", "url": "https://computerhistory.org/press-releases/jobs-online/" }, { "label": "原始机构资料与历史研究", "url": "https://www.thehenryford.org/collections/explore/artifact/425926" } ] }, { "id": "JOBS-SCOPE-2", "title": "未纳入范围与责任边界", "reason": "Apple 的公司财务、市场资本化、所有文化影响及 App Store 后果不由产品领导自动取得。", "sources": [ { "label": "原始机构资料与历史研究", "url": "https://computerhistory.org/press-releases/jobs-online/" }, { "label": "原始机构资料与历史研究", "url": "https://www.thehenryford.org/collections/explore/artifact/425926" } ] }, { "id": "JOBS-SCOPE-3", "title": "未纳入范围与责任边界", "reason": "供应链劳动、隐私、应用市场、设备安全和电子废弃物缺少逐项责任证据，未被宣称为无害或个人违法。", "sources": [ { "label": "原始机构资料与历史研究", "url": "https://computerhistory.org/press-releases/jobs-online/" }, { "label": "原始机构资料与历史研究", "url": "https://www.thehenryford.org/collections/explore/artifact/425926" } ] } ], "items": [ { "id": "OUT-SL0897-2007-2010-IPHONE-APPSTORE-IPAD-MOBILE-PLATFORM", "title": "iPhone、App Store与iPad的移动触控应用平台", "year": "2007-2010", "summary": "iPhone、2008年 App Store 与 iPad 构成连续的移动触控—应用生态；iPad 只计相邻大屏残余，不按型号另立项。Mac、数字音乐与 NeXT 独立产品不重复；应用市场控制、隐私、供应链劳动和电子废弃物是待核边界。", "mReason": "跨设备、操作系统和应用市场交付高复用移动平台，取M6.4。App Store治理、隐私和供应链问题是平台净边界，不能用销量/市值掩盖。", "aReason": "Jobs 0.17；产品团队0.30；技术前史0.16；NeXT/OS X输入0.08；运营商供应监管0.13；开发者用户0.11；未解析0.05。", "sources": [ { "label": "计算机历史博物馆：Apple 时间线", "url": "https://computerhistory.org/apple-timeline/" }, { "label": "计算机历史博物馆：原始 iPhone 软件团队访谈", "url": "https://computerhistory.org/blog/creating-magic-a-conversation-with-original-iphone-engineers-software-team-lead-scott-forstall/" }, { "label": "计算机历史博物馆：Steve Jobs 资料", "url": "https://computerhistory.org/blog/steve-jobs/" } ], "missing": "需iPhone/App Store/iPad逐产品决策、平台治理、隐私和供应链资料。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "2007 iPhone、2008 App Store及2010 iPad作为同一移动触控—应用生态的连续交付；iPad只领相邻大屏残余，不按型号另立M。Mac、数字音乐和NeXT独立产品在其他点。", "M": "6.4", "budget": [ { "actor": "史蒂夫·乔布斯", "actorId": "SL-0897", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.17" }, { "actor": "iPhone、iOS、App Store、iPad 硬件、软件与设计团队", "actorId": "JOBS::IPHONE-IOS-APPSTORE-IPAD-HARDWARE-SOFTWARE-DESIGN-TEAMS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.3" }, { "actor": "移动电话、触控界面与便携计算前史", "actorId": "JOBS::MOBILE-PHONE-TOUCH-GUI-AND-PORTABLE-COMPUTING-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.16" }, { "actor": "NeXT 工程师与 OS X 软件谱系", "actorId": "JOBS::NEXT-ENGINEERS-AND-OSX-SOFTWARE-LINEAGE", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.08" }, { "actor": "运营商、供应商、制造商与监管者", "actorId": "JOBS::CARRIERS-SUPPLIERS-MANUFACTURERS-AND-REGULATORS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.13" }, { "actor": "应用开发者、权利人和用户", "actorId": "JOBS::APP-DEVELOPERS-RIGHTS-HOLDERS-AND-USERS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.11" }, { "actor": "尚未解析的产品决策归属", "actorId": "JOBS::UNRESOLVED-PRODUCT-DECISION-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.05" } ], "share": "0.17", "exactLight": "269.2618427183892924843572334765561922558051627502566416137704580938316668236371766187344630538388775", "light": "269.261843", "standaloneScore": "4.86", "lightSharePercent": "35.0992" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0897-2001-2003-IPOD-ITUNES-DIGITAL-MUSIC", "title": "iPod、iTunes与版权谈判构成的数字音乐系统", "year": "2001-2003", "summary": "iPod、iTunes 商店与版权谈判构成的便携播放器—软件—授权内容系统。只计数字音乐交付；单个型号、完整音乐产业、后续流媒体和 iPhone 消费排除，工程团队、音乐权利人和谈判参与者保留为主要角色。", "mReason": "把设备、软件和权利谈判组织为实际规模化数字音乐服务，按跨产业产品系统取M5.8。", "aReason": "Jobs 0.20；产品团队0.27；技术前史0.17；音乐权利参与者0.14；运营供应0.12；用户0.05；未解析0.05。", "sources": [ { "label": "计算机历史博物馆：Apple 时间线", "url": "https://computerhistory.org/apple-timeline/" }, { "label": "计算机历史博物馆：Steve Jobs 资料", "url": "https://computerhistory.org/blog/steve-jobs/" } ], "missing": "需版权谈判、产品设计、创作者分配和商店治理资料。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "2001 iPod与2003 iTunes商店及Jobs参与版权谈判所形成的便携播放器—软件—授权内容系统。只计数字音乐交付；单个型号、全部音乐产业、后续流媒体和iPhone消费排除。", "M": "5.8", "budget": [ { "actor": "史蒂夫·乔布斯", "actorId": "SL-0897", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.2" }, { "actor": "iPod/iTunes 硬件、软件与设计团队", "actorId": "JOBS::IPOD-ITUNES-HARDWARE-SOFTWARE-AND-DESIGN-TEAMS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.27" }, { "actor": "数字音频、便携播放器与在线音乐前史", "actorId": "JOBS::DIGITAL-AUDIO-PORTABLE-PLAYER-AND-ONLINE-MUSIC-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.17" }, { "actor": "音乐厂牌、艺术家、权利人及谈判者", "actorId": "JOBS::MUSIC-LABELS-ARTISTS-RIGHTS-HOLDERS-AND-NEGOTIATORS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.14" }, { "actor": "Apple 运营、供应、零售与营销团队", "actorId": "JOBS::APPLE-OPERATIONS-SUPPLIERS-RETAIL-AND-MARKETING", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.12" }, { "actor": "用户与内容参与者", "actorId": "JOBS::USERS-AND-CONTENT-PARTICIPANTS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.05" }, { "actor": "尚未解析的产品与权利归属", "actorId": "JOBS::UNRESOLVED-PRODUCT-AND-RIGHTS-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.05" } ], "share": "0.2", "exactLight": "158.6656469448563004131836565672775865177921263510968664184647858633911394382975074994190503694380556", "light": "158.665647", "standaloneScore": "4.41", "lightSharePercent": "20.6826" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0897-1984-1998-MACINTOSH-IMAC-GUI-PERSONAL-COMPUTING", "title": "Macintosh至iMac的GUI个人计算产品方向", "year": "1984-1998", "summary": "以 Macintosh 的图形界面消费个人计算交付、及1997年回归后至1998年 iMac 的产品方向构成独立个人计算系统。GUI 前史、NeXT/OS X 的独立平台输入、数字音乐、iPhone/App Store 及全部 Mac 型号排除。", "mReason": "跨硬件、GUI软件和工业设计交付实际消费计算系统，取M5.7；不是GUI发明或全Mac销量估值。", "aReason": "Jobs 0.18；产品团队0.31；GUI/PC前史0.18；制造运营0.14；NeXT/OS X输入0.09；用户开发者0.05；未解析0.05。", "sources": [ { "label": "计算机历史博物馆：Apple 时间线", "url": "https://computerhistory.org/apple-timeline/" }, { "label": "计算机历史博物馆：Steve Jobs 资料", "url": "https://computerhistory.org/blog/steve-jobs/" }, { "label": "计算机历史博物馆：Apple at 50", "url": "https://computerhistory.org/apple-at-50/" } ], "missing": "需Macintosh/iMac逐产品设计、制造和个人决策档案。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "1984 Macintosh的GUI消费个人计算交付，以及1997回归后至1998 iMac的个人计算产品方向。只计个人计算产品系统；GUI前史、NeXT/OS X独立平台输入、数字音乐、iPhone/App Store及所有Mac型号排除。", "M": "5.7", "budget": [ { "actor": "史蒂夫·乔布斯", "actorId": "SL-0897", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.18" }, { "actor": "Macintosh 与 iMac 硬件、软件及工业设计团队", "actorId": "JOBS::MACINTOSH-AND-IMAC-HARDWARE-SOFTWARE-INDUSTRIAL-DESIGN-TEAMS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.31" }, { "actor": "图形界面、个人计算与 Xerox 研究前史", "actorId": "JOBS::GUI-PERSONAL-COMPUTING-AND-XEROX-RESEARCH-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.18" }, { "actor": "Apple 运营、供应商、制造与零售体系", "actorId": "JOBS::APPLE-OPERATIONS-SUPPLIERS-MANUFACTURING-AND-RETAIL", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.14" }, { "actor": "NeXT 工程师与 OS X 转移团队", "actorId": "JOBS::NEXT-ENGINEERS-AND-OSX-TRANSFER", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.09" }, { "actor": "用户、开发者与发行网络", "actorId": "JOBS::USERS-DEVELOPERS-AND-DISTRIBUTION", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.05" }, { "actor": "尚未解析的产品决策归属", "actorId": "JOBS::UNRESOLVED-PRODUCT-DECISION-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.05" } ], "share": "0.18", "exactLight": "127.2502411891448239443986895940762876837979337992337626388886622325300041084152652187695195213131738", "light": "127.250241", "standaloneScore": "4.22", "lightSharePercent": "16.5875" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0897-1986-1995-PIXAR-STUDIO-SUSTAINMENT-TRANSITION", "title": "Pixar资本化、公司维持与电脑动画工作室转型", "year": "1986-1995", "summary": "购买 Lucas 图形组、组建并资本维持 Pixar，支持其从 Image Computer/渲染技术组织转向 Toy Story 时期动画工作室。只计融资、公司维持和战略组织；图形算法、硬件、电影导演动画、Disney 发行及后续影片排除。", "mReason": "公司资本与战略维持使高风险技术团队跨越硬件产品走向长片交付，按文化技术组织服务取M5.2；电影创作主体通过预算保留。", "aReason": "Jobs 0.20；Lucas起始团队0.21；技术团队0.19；创意制作0.20；Disney伙伴0.10；领域前史0.06；未解析0.04。", "sources": [ { "label": "史密森尼：Steve Jobs 口述史", "url": "https://americanhistory.si.edu/comphist/sj1.html" }, { "label": "计算机历史博物馆：Steve Jobs 资料", "url": "https://computerhistory.org/blog/steve-jobs/" } ], "missing": "需Pixar公司、融资和制作档案区分资本、战略、技术与创意决策。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "1986至1995年购买Lucas图形组、组建并资本维持Pixar，支持其从Image Computer/渲染技术组织向Toy Story时期动画工作室转型。只计融资与公司维持/战略组织，不领取图形算法、硬件工程、电影导演动画、Disney发行或后续全部电影。", "M": "5.2", "budget": [ { "actor": "史蒂夫·乔布斯", "actorId": "SL-0897", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.2" }, { "actor": "Lucasfilm 图形组与 Pixar 起始技术团队", "actorId": "JOBS::LUCASFILM-GRAPHICS-GROUP-AND-FOUNDING-TECHNICAL-TEAM", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.21" }, { "actor": "Pixar 渲染、软件、硬件与技术团队", "actorId": "JOBS::PIXAR-RENDERING-SOFTWARE-HARDWARE-AND-TECHNICAL-TEAMS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.19" }, { "actor": "Pixar 动画、故事、导演与制作团队", "actorId": "JOBS::PIXAR-ANIMATION-STORY-DIRECTION-AND-PRODUCTION-TEAMS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.2" }, { "actor": "Disney 发行、融资与放映伙伴", "actorId": "JOBS::DISNEY-DISTRIBUTION-FINANCING-AND-EXHIBITION-PARTNERS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.1" }, { "actor": "计算机图形与动画前史", "actorId": "JOBS::COMPUTER-GRAPHICS-ANIMATION-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.06" }, { "actor": "尚未解析的融资与创作归属", "actorId": "JOBS::UNRESOLVED-FINANCING-AND-CREATIVE-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.04" } ], "share": "0.2", "exactLight": "79.42143411069945015405046101755040869753540745947608937305682961204497077389160781480366232147547206", "light": "79.421434", "standaloneScore": "3.81", "lightSharePercent": "10.3528" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0897-1985-1997-NEXT-PRODUCT-SOFTWARE-TRANSFER", "title": "NeXT产品组织与NeXTSTEP软件工程谱系转移", "year": "1985-1997", "summary": "创建 NeXT、围绕 NeXTSTEP 进行产品组织，并经 Apple 收购将软件和工程团队转入后续 Apple 平台。只计创业组装、产品维持和团队/平台转移；Mach 发明、完整 NeXTSTEP 工程、后来 macOS/iOS 和 Apple 复苏不归此项。", "mReason": "虽商业覆盖有限，NeXT交付了完整产品和可转移软件/团队谱系，按技术平台与组织转移取M5.1。商业成败是scope边界，非资料折扣。", "aReason": "Jobs 0.20；Tevanian/Mach 0.16；NeXT团队0.29；技术前史0.16；Apple收购转移0.10；用户供应0.04；未解析0.05。", "sources": [ { "label": "计算机历史博物馆：Apple at 50", "url": "https://computerhistory.org/apple-at-50/" }, { "label": "计算机历史博物馆：原始 iPhone 软件团队访谈", "url": "https://computerhistory.org/blog/creating-magic-a-conversation-with-original-iphone-engineers-software-team-lead-scott-forstall/" } ], "missing": "需NeXT产品、财务、团队决策和Apple收购档案校准技术/组织份额。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "1985至1997年创建NeXT、围绕NeXTSTEP进行产品组织，并通过Apple收购把软件和工程团队转入后续Apple平台。只计创业组装、产品维护和技术谱系转移；Mach发明、全部NeXTSTEP工程及后来macOS/iOS排除。", "M": "5.1", "budget": [ { "actor": "史蒂夫·乔布斯", "actorId": "SL-0897", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.2" }, { "actor": "Avie Tevanian 与 Mach 开发谱系", "actorId": "JOBS::AVIE-TEVANIAN-AND-MACH-DEVELOPMENT", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.16" }, { "actor": "NeXT 软件、硬件与运营团队", "actorId": "JOBS::NEXT-SOFTWARE-HARDWARE-AND-OPERATIONS-TEAM", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.29" }, { "actor": "Unix、Mach 与面向对象软件前史", "actorId": "JOBS::UNIX-MACH-AND-OBJECT-ORIENTED-SOFTWARE-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.16" }, { "actor": "Apple 收购与技术/团队转移人员", "actorId": "JOBS::APPLE-ACQUISITION-AND-TRANSFER-TEAM", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.1" }, { "actor": "NeXT 客户、开发者与供应商", "actorId": "JOBS::CUSTOMERS-DEVELOPERS-AND-SUPPLIERS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.04" }, { "actor": "尚未解析的商业与技术归属", "actorId": "JOBS::UNRESOLVED-COMMERCIAL-AND-TECHNICAL-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.05" } ], "share": "0.2", "exactLight": "70.76267784671509168664374045289812409826936641306472613606786808084570726096322563685487461267963024", "light": "70.762678", "standaloneScore": "3.71", "lightSharePercent": "9.2241" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0897-1976-1977-APPLE-II-PRODUCT-LAUNCH", "title": "Apple早期创业组织与Apple II产品交付", "year": "1976-1977", "summary": "与 Steve Wozniak 共同创办 Apple，并把 Apple II 所需的产品定义、创业组织、供应与销售连接为实际上市的消费计算产品。只计这一早期交付；Wozniak 的硬件/软件工程、完整技术设计、PC 普及及后续 Apple 产品均排除。", "mReason": "将可运行个人计算机转为实际上市且支撑公司的产品交付，按早期消费计算平台取M4.9。工程作者性与商业决策记录不全影响a和区间，不折扣成果scope。", "aReason": "Jobs 0.22；Wozniak 0.30；早期团队0.16；微机前史0.12；供应销售用户0.12；资本支持0.04；未解析0.04。", "sources": [ { "label": "计算机历史博物馆：Jobs 展览资料", "url": "https://computerhistory.org/press-releases/jobs-online/" }, { "label": "亨利·福特博物馆：Steve Wozniak 口述史藏品", "url": "https://www.thehenryford.org/collections/explore/artifact/425926" } ], "missing": "需同期设计、融资、生产与销售记录分配Jobs、Wozniak及早期团队决策。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "1976至1977年共同创办Apple及Apple II上市所需的产品定义、创业组织和商业交付。只计早期产品交付，不把Wozniak硬件/软件工程、全部Apple II设计、PC普及或后续Apple产品归Jobs。", "M": "4.9", "budget": [ { "actor": "史蒂夫·乔布斯", "actorId": "SL-0897", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.22" }, { "actor": "史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克（共同创办人与首席工程师）", "actorId": "EXT-NAME:STEVE-WOZNIAK", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.3" }, { "actor": "早期 Apple 工程、生产与运营团队", "actorId": "JOBS::EARLY-APPLE-ENGINEERING-PRODUCTION-AND-OPERATIONS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.16" }, { "actor": "微型计算机爱好者与元器件技术前史", "actorId": "JOBS::MICROCOMPUTER-HOBBYIST-AND-COMPONENT-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.12" }, { "actor": "供应商、零售商、经销商与用户", "actorId": "JOBS::SUPPLIERS-RETAILERS-DEALERS-AND-USERS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.12" }, { "actor": "资本与早期商业支持者", "actorId": "JOBS::CAPITAL-AND-EARLY-BUSINESS-SUPPORT", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.04" }, { "actor": "尚未解析的早期设计与商业归属", "actorId": "JOBS::UNRESOLVED-EARLY-DESIGN-AND-BUSINESS-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.04" } ], "share": "0.22", "exactLight": "61.78442448781798402024232138141243581102695884296098806470318931391212431901079222467133602214384251", "light": "61.784424", "standaloneScore": "3.60", "lightSharePercent": "8.0538" } ], "exactTotalLight": "767.1462672976229427028761024897710350642269556160890742449517931965556127242155750132529059008890517", "totalLight": "767.146267", "exactScore": "5.770887849000401469852708271984335864320932022105030522612215783370665838563690205242950270999284176", "displayScore": "5.77", "provisionalCount": 6, "provenance": { "releaseId": "research-200-20260914", "baselineLedgerSha256": "8bdd406b3e20ae22357644499e622922c670ff11010df0478c70c23b38902108", "c24DeltaSha256": "b0b96144d1d3397e54a61c3d706ff2da5920fe7617e3bef50407149cb97d9d62", "generatorSha256": "25de659e9852503508e7c27d8a31773b8da5d6310531b1e3699d18cc94319929" }, "priorScopeNote": "6项已列贡献的研究估分，含6项暂估。账本覆盖有限的主要成果，尚未穷尽生涯。M与归功份额是可修订的评估判断；未覆盖经历和负面影响不按零处理。", "rank": 99 }