{ "personId": "sl-0913", "uid": "SL-0913", "name": "杰夫·贝索斯", "version": "V2研究贡献账", "updatedAt": "2026-09-15", "formula": { "q": "Q = 10^(M/2) − 1", "light": "Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ", "total": "L = Σ Lᵢ", "score": "S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L)" }, "scopeNote": "本轮当前已列5项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。", "exclusions": [ { "id": "BEZOS-WASHINGTON-POST-OWNERSHIP", "title": "《华盛顿邮报》所有权", "reason": "所有权事实不足以归属新闻编辑、公共信息效果或治理伤害，未建立具体交付与个人决策边界。", "sources": [] }, { "id": "BEZOS-PHILANTHROPY-AND-VENTURE-PORTFOLIO", "title": "慈善与投资组合", "reason": "财富、承诺和投资不能替代已核的资源转移、执行团队与受益结果，故不量化。", "sources": [] }, { "id": "BEZOS-AMAZON-ALEXA-ACQUISITIONS-PRIVACY", "title": "Alexa、收购与隐私", "reason": "需要单项产品交付、个人决策、隐私安全与用户结果；不能由 Amazon 零售大族自动取得。", "sources": [ { "label": "Amazon：2020 年股东信", "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/2020-letter-to-shareholders" } ] }, { "id": "BEZOS-POST-2021-AMAZON-OPERATIONS", "title": "2021年后 Amazon 日常运营", "reason": "贝索斯2021年转任执行董事长；后续 CEO 日常运营、AWS 后续服务和公司收入不从其创办人身份推得。", "sources": [ { "label": "Amazon：2024 年年报", "url": "https://s2.q4cdn.com/299287126/files/doc_financials/2025/ar/Amazon-2024-Annual-Report.pdf" } ] } ], "items": [ { "id": "OUT-SL0913-1994-2021-AMAZON-RETAIL-MARKETPLACE-FULFILLMENT", "title": "Amazon在线零售、Marketplace、Prime与履约平台的长期组织", "year": "1994-2021", "summary": "从在线书店到 Marketplace、Prime 与履约网络的长期多边零售平台组织。按零售/履约系统计一次，不把网站功能、销售、收购、卖家收入、估值或2021年后 CEO 运营归个人。OSHA 记录的履约中心劳动安全问题保留为直接运营边界；FTC 诉状仅按未决公司指控说明。", "mReason": "跨软件、市场、仓储和交付形成高复用零售基础设施，取M6.3。OSHA所见人体工学和医疗照护危险属于履约服务不可分运营局限，已限制高档；FTC反竞争内容是诉讼指控，不能当终局个人责任。", "aReason": "Bezos 0.16；公司团队0.30；商业物流前史0.13；卖家供应交付0.14；履约劳动者0.12；用户监管资本0.10；未解析0.05。", "sources": [ { "label": "Amazon：股东信档案", "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/about-us/shareholder-letters" }, { "label": "Amazon：2020 年股东信", "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/2020-letter-to-shareholders" }, { "label": "OSHA：Amazon 履约中心人体工学与医疗照护执法记录", "url": "https://www.osha.gov/news/newsreleases/new-york-city/20230803-0" }, { "label": "美国联邦贸易委员会：Amazon 2023 公开诉状", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/1910129AmazoneCommerceComplaintPublic.pdf" } ], "missing": "需逐项区分Bezos、后续CEO、董事会和运营团队决策。；需劳动伤害规模、卖家后果、价格/竞争、隐私与环境独立资料。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "1994至2021年从在线书店到Marketplace、Prime与履约网络的长期零售平台组织。按多边零售/履约系统计一次，不把每个网站功能、销售、收购、卖家收入、估值或2021后CEO运营归Bezos。", "M": "6.3", "budget": [ { "actor": "杰夫·贝索斯", "actorId": "SL-0913", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.16" }, { "actor": "Amazon 零售、Marketplace、软件、物流与运营团队", "actorId": "BEZOS::AMAZON-RETAIL-MARKETPLACE-SOFTWARE-LOGISTICS-AND-OPERATIONS-TEAMS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.3" }, { "actor": "邮购、书店、电子商务与物流前史", "actorId": "BEZOS::MAIL-ORDER-BOOKSTORE-ECOMMERCE-AND-LOGISTICS-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.13" }, { "actor": "第三方卖家、配送伙伴与供应商", "actorId": "BEZOS::THIRD-PARTY-SELLERS-DELIVERY-PARTNERS-AND-SUPPLIERS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.14" }, { "actor": "履约、配送与客户服务劳动者", "actorId": "BEZOS::FULFILLMENT-DELIVERY-AND-CUSTOMER-SERVICE-WORKERS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.12" }, { "actor": "客户、监管者、资本与董事会", "actorId": "BEZOS::CUSTOMERS-REGULATORS-CAPITAL-AND-BOARD", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.1" }, { "actor": "尚未解析的决策与平台归属", "actorId": "BEZOS::UNRESOLVED-DECISION-AND-PLATFORM-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.05" } ], "share": "0.16", "exactLight": "225.8460071396406883448972582288385487663545840162029617459149695439786097792005734653042534343895413", "light": "225.846007", "standaloneScore": "4.71", "lightSharePercent": "50.2710" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0913-2003-2021-AWS-CLOUD-INFRASTRUCTURE-SERVICE", "title": "AWS S3/EC2基础云服务与可组合基础设施平台", "year": "2003-2021", "summary": "从早期业务构想到2006年 S3 与 EC2 发布期间形成的可组合存储、计算与云基础设施服务。贝索斯只计早期评审、资源授权和公司环境；Jassy、DeSantis 及AWS工程运营团队承担主要技术和运行角色。云计算发明、后续服务、客户应用、全部收入和2021年后运营排除。", "mReason": "S3与EC2把大规模存储和计算转化为按需、API化、可组合的实际基础设施服务，按重大通用计算平台取M6.2。公司一手资料证明交付但不能独立证明所有性能和净效应，因此扩大区间而不清零。", "aReason": "Bezos 0.08；Jassy 0.18；DeSantis/早期服务领导0.09；工程运营0.28；技术前史0.14；用户伙伴0.11；Amazon资源0.06；未解析0.06。", "sources": [ { "label": "AWS：S3 2006 发布公告", "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2006/03/13/announcing-amazon-s3---simple-storage-service/" }, { "label": "AWS：服务起源资料", "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/our-origins/" }, { "label": "Amazon：AWS 起源回顾", "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/aws/the-deceptively-simple-origins-of-aws" }, { "label": "Amazon：Jassy 与 DeSantis 领导更新", "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/andy-jassy-peter-desantis-amazon-leadership-update" } ], "missing": "需独立性能、价格、能耗、水耗、故障、安全、集中度与客户净效应资料。；早期S3/EC2逐项设计和Bezos决策边界仍需档案校准。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "从2003年前后业务构想、2006年S3和EC2发布到2021年Bezos任CEO结束期间形成的可组合存储、计算与云基础设施服务。只计已交付基础云平台；云计算发明、每项后续服务、客户应用、全部收入及2021后运营排除。", "M": "6.2", "budget": [ { "actor": "杰夫·贝索斯", "actorId": "SL-0913", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.08" }, { "actor": "安迪·贾西（AWS 创建者与长期领导）", "actorId": "BEZOS::ANDY-JASSY", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.18" }, { "actor": "Peter DeSantis 与早期 EC2 服务领导", "actorId": "BEZOS::PETER-DESANTIS-AND-EARLY-EC2-LEADERSHIP", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.09" }, { "actor": "S3/EC2/AWS 软件、数据中心、安全与运营团队", "actorId": "BEZOS::S3-EC2-AWS-SOFTWARE-DATACENTER-SECURITY-AND-OPERATIONS-TEAMS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.28" }, { "actor": "托管基础设施、分布式计算与数据中心前史", "actorId": "BEZOS::HOSTED-INFRASTRUCTURE-DISTRIBUTED-COMPUTING-AND-DATACENTER-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.14" }, { "actor": "客户、开发者、伙伴与供应商", "actorId": "BEZOS::CUSTOMERS-DEVELOPERS-PARTNERS-AND-SUPPLIERS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.11" }, { "actor": "Amazon 资本、董事会与跨公司支持体系", "actorId": "BEZOS::AMAZON-CAPITAL-BOARD-AND-CROSS-COMPANY-SUPPORT", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.06" }, { "actor": "尚未解析的早期设计与决策归属", "actorId": "BEZOS::UNRESOLVED-EARLY-DESIGN-AND-DECISION-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.06" } ], "share": "0.08", "exactLight": "100.6340329435333768339163285116640484874893927573544855286338415621318092626001619296840773020756936", "light": "100.634033", "standaloneScore": "4.01", "lightSharePercent": "22.4001" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0913-2007-KINDLE-WIRELESS-READING-STORE", "title": "Kindle无线电子阅读器与数字内容商店系统", "year": "2007", "summary": "首代 Kindle、电子墨水阅读设备、Whispernet 无线下载、Kindle Store 与内容交付构成的阅读系统。只计首代完整平台及产品方法；后续型号、所有电子书、自出版产业及Amazon零售的一般价值排除。Kessel、Lab126团队、权利人、无线伙伴和读者均有独立份额。", "mReason": "Kindle实际交付设备—无线网络—内容商店的一体化阅读系统，按跨硬件、网络与内容的消费平台取M5.2。发布目录和公司回顾证明范围，但不以销售或后世出版影响放大。", "aReason": "Bezos 0.14；Kessel 0.16；Lab126/原始团队0.27；技术前史0.16；内容权利伙伴0.12；通信供应运营0.09；读者0.03；未解析0.03。", "sources": [ { "label": "Amazon：2007 Kindle 发布公告", "url": "https://press.aboutamazon.com/2007/11/introducing-amazon-kindle" }, { "label": "Amazon：Kindle 诞生回顾", "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/devices/the-inside-story-of-how-the-kindle-was-born" }, { "label": "Amazon：2007 年年报", "url": "https://ir.aboutamazon.com/files/doc_financials/annual/2007AR.pdf" } ], "missing": "需Lab126逐项设计、电子墨水供应、无线合同、出版授权与平台分配资料。；需独立采用、可得性、隐私和电子废弃物净边界。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "2007年实际上市的Kindle、电子墨水阅读设备、Whispernet无线下载、Kindle Store与内容交付系统。只计首代完整阅读平台及其产品方法；后续型号、所有电子书、自出版产业和Amazon零售平台一般价值排除。", "M": "5.2", "budget": [ { "actor": "杰夫·贝索斯", "actorId": "SL-0913", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.14" }, { "actor": "Steve Kessel（原始 Kindle 团队领导）", "actorId": "BEZOS::STEVE-KESSEL", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.16" }, { "actor": "Lab126 与原始 Kindle 硬件、软件、设计团队", "actorId": "BEZOS::LAB126-AND-ORIGINAL-KINDLE-HARDWARE-SOFTWARE-DESIGN-TEAM", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.27" }, { "actor": "电子墨水、无线、电子书与数字零售前史", "actorId": "BEZOS::EINK-WIRELESS-EBOOK-AND-DIGITAL-RETAIL-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.16" }, { "actor": "出版社、作者、期刊与内容权利伙伴", "actorId": "BEZOS::PUBLISHERS-AUTHORS-PERIODICALS-AND-CONTENT-RIGHTS-PARTNERS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.12" }, { "actor": "无线运营商、供应商、运营与零售体系", "actorId": "BEZOS::WIRELESS-CARRIERS-SUPPLIERS-OPERATIONS-AND-RETAIL", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.09" }, { "actor": "读者与早期反馈参与者", "actorId": "BEZOS::READERS-AND-EARLY-FEEDBACK", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.03" }, { "actor": "尚未解析的产品与内容归属", "actorId": "BEZOS::UNRESOLVED-PRODUCT-AND-CONTENT-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.03" } ], "share": "0.14", "exactLight": "55.59500387748961510783532271228528608827478522163326256113978072843147954172412547036256362503283044", "light": "55.595004", "standaloneScore": "3.51", "lightSharePercent": "12.3749" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0913-2000-2025-NEW-SHEPARD-REUSABLE-SUBORBITAL", "title": "Blue Origin持续资助与New Shepard可复用亚轨道系统交付", "year": "2000-2025", "summary": "创办并持续支持 Blue Origin，由工程、项目安全和地面团队交付 New Shepard 开发飞行、2021年首次载人飞行及后续亚轨道任务。只计实际飞行的可复用亚轨道系统；New Glenn、未来太空定居、全部旅游价值和火箭技术作者性不计。", "mReason": "New Shepard完成多次飞行和载人任务，按已运行的可复用亚轨道系统取M4.7。2015推进舱损失是早期测试内生失败，后续交付证明部分修正；科学、气候和可达性净效应未建立限制高档。", "aReason": "Bezos 0.16；工程团队0.31；项目安全领导0.13；地面任务0.14；技术前史0.12；乘员载荷监管0.09；未解析0.05。", "sources": [ { "label": "Blue Origin：New Shepard 首次开发测试飞行", "url": "https://www.blueorigin.com/news/first-developmental-test-flight-of-new-shepard" }, { "label": "Blue Origin：New Shepard 首次载人飞行", "url": "https://www.blueorigin.com/news/first-human-flight-updates" }, { "label": "Blue Origin：NS-25 任务", "url": "https://www.blueorigin.com/missions/ns-25" } ], "missing": "需独立飞行安全、复用、排放、科研载荷和成本资料。；需公司决策记录校准Bezos与CEO/工程团队份额。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "2000至2025年创办/持续支持Blue Origin，并由团队实现New Shepard开发飞行、2021首个载人飞行及后续亚轨道任务。只计已飞行可复用亚轨道系统；New Glenn、太空定居计划、全部旅游价值和火箭技术作者性排除。", "M": "4.7", "budget": [ { "actor": "杰夫·贝索斯", "actorId": "SL-0913", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.16" }, { "actor": "Blue Origin 飞行器、推进、软件与系统工程师", "actorId": "BEZOS::BLUE-ORIGIN-VEHICLE-PROPULSION-SOFTWARE-AND-SYSTEMS-ENGINEERS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.31" }, { "actor": "Blue Origin 项目、安全与行政领导", "actorId": "BEZOS::BLUE-ORIGIN-EXECUTIVE-PROGRAM-AND-SAFETY-LEADERSHIP", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.13" }, { "actor": "地面运行、测试、任务与维护团队", "actorId": "BEZOS::GROUND-OPERATIONS-TEST-MISSION-AND-MAINTENANCE-TEAMS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.14" }, { "actor": "火箭、垂直着陆与载人航天前史", "actorId": "BEZOS::ROCKET-VERTICAL-LANDING-AND-HUMAN-SPACEFLIGHT-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.12" }, { "actor": "乘员、研究载荷、客户与监管者", "actorId": "BEZOS::CREW-RESEARCH-PAYLOADS-CUSTOMERS-AND-REGULATORS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.09" }, { "actor": "尚未解析的个人与系统归属", "actorId": "BEZOS::UNRESOLVED-PERSONAL-AND-SYSTEM-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.05" } ], "share": "0.16", "exactLight": "35.65953821709343379127921363945187733931618236294085644904565174330748693724822895627916191185484432", "light": "35.659538", "standaloneScore": "3.13", "lightSharePercent": "7.9374" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0913-2025-NEW-GLENN-FIRST-ORBITAL-FLIGHT", "title": "New Glenn重型轨道发射器首次入轨交付", "year": "2025", "summary": "NG-1 于2025年首次飞行，New Glenn 达到预定轨道、二级两次点火并运行 Blue Ring Pathfinder。只计首次轨道系统交付；助推器回收未完成，后续认证、任务、New Shepard 亚轨道服务与全部 Blue Origin 计划排除。", "mReason": "首次飞行即完成主要入轨目标，属于实际重型发射系统交付，取M5.0。助推器下降丢失是不可分任务失败，限制复用与成熟度；不能按未来计划或国家安全认证预期加分。", "aReason": "Bezos 0.10；Limp/项目领导0.10；工程团队0.32；制造发射0.18；技术前史0.15；任务监管客户0.09；供应测试0.03；未解析0.03。", "sources": [ { "label": "Blue Origin：New Glenn NG-1 任务", "url": "https://www.blueorigin.com/news/new-glenn-ng-1-mission" } ], "missing": "需独立任务复核、成本、可靠性、排放、后续飞行和认证资料。；个人与历任CEO/项目团队的长期决策份额待核。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "2025年1月NG-1首次飞行，New Glenn达到预定轨道、二级两次点火并运行Blue Ring Pathfinder。只计首个轨道系统交付；助推器回收未完成，后续认证、任务、New Shepard亚轨道服务和全部Blue Origin计划排除。", "M": "5.0", "budget": [ { "actor": "杰夫·贝索斯", "actorId": "SL-0913", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.1" }, { "actor": "Dave Limp 与 Blue Origin 项目领导", "actorId": "BEZOS::DAVE-LIMP-AND-BLUE-ORIGIN-PROGRAM-LEADERSHIP", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.1" }, { "actor": "New Glenn、BE-4、BE-3U、结构、制导与软件团队", "actorId": "BEZOS::NEW-GLENN-BE4-BE3U-STRUCTURE-GUIDANCE-AND-SOFTWARE-TEAMS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.32" }, { "actor": "制造、发射地面与任务运行团队", "actorId": "BEZOS::MANUFACTURING-LAUNCH-GROUND-AND-MISSION-OPERATIONS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.18" }, { "actor": "重型火箭、发动机与轨道发射前史", "actorId": "BEZOS::HEAVY-LIFT-ROCKET-ENGINE-AND-ORBITAL-LAUNCH-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.15" }, { "actor": "Blue Ring、DIU、靶场、监管与客户伙伴", "actorId": "BEZOS::BLUE-RING-DIU-RANGE-REGULATORY-AND-CUSTOMER-PARTNERS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.09" }, { "actor": "供应商与测试基础设施", "actorId": "BEZOS::SUPPLIERS-AND-TEST-INFRASTRUCTURE", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.03" }, { "actor": "尚未解析的个人与系统归属", "actorId": "BEZOS::UNRESOLVED-PERSONAL-AND-SYSTEM-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.03" } ], "share": "0.1", "exactLight": "31.52277660168379331998893544432718533719555139325216826857504852792594438639238221344248108379300295", "light": "31.522777", "standaloneScore": "3.02", "lightSharePercent": "7.0166" } ], "exactTotalLight": "449.2573587794409073979170585365669460186304957513837345533092921057753299071654720350725373571459126", "totalLight": "449.257359", "exactScore": "5.306921638879593542888297095172480277549224605687973898222120937817405096561966082998391869557451446", "displayScore": "5.31", "provisionalCount": 5, "provenance": { "releaseId": "research-200-20260914", "baselineLedgerSha256": "8bdd406b3e20ae22357644499e622922c670ff11010df0478c70c23b38902108", "c24DeltaSha256": "b0b96144d1d3397e54a61c3d706ff2da5920fe7617e3bef50407149cb97d9d62", "generatorSha256": "25de659e9852503508e7c27d8a31773b8da5d6310531b1e3699d18cc94319929" }, "priorScopeNote": "5项已列贡献的研究估分，含5项暂估。账本覆盖有限的主要成果，尚未穷尽生涯。M与归功份额是可修订的评估判断；未覆盖经历和负面影响不按零处理。", "rank": 135 }