{
  "personId": "sl-1373",
  "uid": "SL-1373",
  "name": "罗伯特·斯莱文",
  "version": "V2研究贡献账",
  "updatedAt": "2026-09-15",
  "formula": {
    "q": "Q = 10^(M/2) − 1",
    "light": "Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ",
    "total": "L = Σ Lᵢ",
    "score": "S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L)"
  },
  "scopeNote": "本轮当前已列3项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。",
  "exclusions": [
    {
      "id": "slavin-gap-1",
      "title": "教学、组织管理和政策咨询服务",
      "reason": "尚缺具体课程、组织决策或政策文本交付，不能由职位和传播活动设定独立成果。"
    },
    {
      "id": "slavin-gap-2",
      "title": "所有学校改革、学生成绩或教育技术的总体效果",
      "reason": "当前材料只支持有界研究与方案链；效果与学校、教师、家庭、学生和实施条件有关，且部分结果不一致。"
    },
    {
      "id": "slavin-gap-3",
      "title": "个人学生数据、诊疗结论或个体化建议",
      "reason": "本文件只记录公开教育研究范围，不处理学生私密资料，也不提供临床或心理治疗建议。"
    },
    {
      "id": "slavin-gap-4",
      "title": "试验设计、样本、效应量和独立复现的逐项结论",
      "reason": "需要逐篇原始研究和系统综述，当前机构页面不足以承载具体因果或普遍性判断。"
    }
  ],
  "items": [
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL1373-2000S-2020S-BEST-EVIDENCE-SYNTHESIS-ENCYCLOPEDIA",
      "title": "Best Evidence Synthesis方法与开放教育证据百科",
      "summary": "Best Evidence Synthesis与Best Evidence Encyclopedia把教育方案的研究证据按明确标准汇集、评阅和更新，为学校与研究者提供可查的比较入口。它是独立于Success for All设计的证据综合与公共索引工作；其结论取决于原始研究的范围和质量，不能化为对所有学校或学生的保证。",
      "M": "5.3",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "罗伯特·斯莱文",
          "actorId": "SL-1373",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.28"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Madden、Cheung及教育评估合著者",
          "actorId": "ROBERT-SLAVIN::MADDEN-CHEUNG-AND-EDUCATION-EVALUATION-COAUTHORS",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.25"
        },
        {
          "actor": "元分析、实验教育与项目评估前驱",
          "actorId": "ROBERT-SLAVIN::META-ANALYSIS-EXPERIMENTAL-EDUCATION-AND-PROGRAM-EVALUATION-PREHISTORY",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL",
          "share": "0.18"
        },
        {
          "actor": "学校、教师、学生与数据团队",
          "actorId": "ROBERT-SLAVIN::SCHOOLS-TEACHERS-STUDENTS-AND-DATA-TEAMS",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.12"
        },
        {
          "actor": "JHU CRRE、Best Evidence Encyclopedia与出版机构",
          "actorId": "ROBERT-SLAVIN::JHU-CRRE-BEST-EVIDENCE-ENCYCLOPEDIA-AND-PUBLISHING-INSTITUTIONS",
          "type": "INSTITUTION",
          "share": "0.08"
        },
        {
          "actor": "斯莱文评估研究的设计、数据与归属待核部分",
          "actorId": "ROBERT-SLAVIN::UNRESOLVED-SLAVIN-EVALUATION-ATTRIBUTION",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.09"
        }
      ],
      "mReason": "BEE方法页与Slavin 2008方法文明确列出纳入标准、偏差控制、效应量和证据强度判断，JHU确认BEE为跨K–12项目开放综述，支持独立于SFA验证的M5.3。混合结果与方法局限仍进入边界。 Root裁定维持M：这是有条件知识方法、综合方案或证据索引的终态，不把所有教学法、所有学校或学生成绩归入。",
      "aReason": "Slavin 0.28；合作者0.25；研究方法前史0.18；数据与学校0.12；机构0.08；未解析0.09。 本终稿不改a：本次修订没有新的可审计归功事实。",
      "overlapNote": "Best Evidence Synthesis对教育项目研究的系统检索、纳入标准、效应量、偏差与实施条件解释，以及Best Evidence Encyclopedia的开放综述载体；SFA设计、单项学生成绩和被评项目价值不重复。",
      "status": "缺证暂估；root尺度裁定已记录；非生产评分",
      "missing": "需独立方法审查其纳入排除、发表偏差、利益关系、跨综述一致性及与传统元分析的比较表现。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "约翰斯·霍普金斯大学 CRRE：Best Evidence Encyclopedia",
          "url": "https://education.jhu.edu/crre/evidence-based-education/evidence-solutions/best-evidence-encyclopedia-bee/"
        },
        {
          "label": "What Works in Elementary Reading Programs",
          "url": "https://bestevidence.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/what_works_2008_er.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "year": "2000年代–至今",
      "share": "0.28",
      "exactLight": "124.7914058022696731957501468094254525856440500102440790964682586517331583955570447686023852616145014",
      "light": "124.791406",
      "standaloneScore": "4.20",
      "lightSharePercent": "35.8339"
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    {
      "id": "OUT-SL1373-1980S-2010S-SUCCESS-FOR-ALL-CODESIGN-IMPLEMENTATION-MODEL",
      "title": "Success for All综合阅读与学校改革模型的共同研发",
      "summary": "Success for All将合作学习、阶段性评估、一对一辅导和家庭参与等元素组合为综合阅读与学校改革模型。Nancy Madden、Nancy Karweit、支持团队及实施学校拥有明确共同角色；模块不能各自重复计算成完整独立成果。",
      "M": "5.5",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "罗伯特·斯莱文",
          "actorId": "SL-1373",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.2"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Nancy Madden（Success for All共同研发者）",
          "actorId": "EXT-NAME:NANCY-MADDEN",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.18"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Nancy Karweit（Success for All早期研究合作者）",
          "actorId": "EXT-NAME:NANCY-KARWEIT",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.13"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Success for All设计、培训、评估与支持团队",
          "actorId": "ROBERT-SLAVIN::SFA-DESIGN-TRAINING-EVALUATION-AND-SUPPORT-TEAMS",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.14"
        },
        {
          "actor": "实施学校、教师、辅导员、家庭与学生",
          "actorId": "ROBERT-SLAVIN::IMPLEMENTING-SCHOOLS-TEACHERS-TUTORS-FAMILIES-AND-STUDENTS",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.18"
        },
        {
          "actor": "早期识字、辅导、学校改革与合作学习前驱",
          "actorId": "ROBERT-SLAVIN::EARLY-LITERACY-TUTORING-SCHOOL-REFORM-AND-COOPERATIVE-LEARNING-PREHISTORY",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL",
          "share": "0.08"
        },
        {
          "actor": "JHU CSOS与Success for All Foundation",
          "actorId": "ROBERT-SLAVIN::JHU-CSOS-AND-SUCCESS-FOR-ALL-FOUNDATION",
          "type": "INSTITUTION",
          "share": "0.06"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Success for All共同设计、版本与实施待核部分",
          "actorId": "ROBERT-SLAVIN::UNRESOLVED-SFA-CODESIGN-ATTRIBUTION",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.03"
        }
      ],
      "mReason": "SFA与JHU页面给出三位具名研发者和多个实际组件，支持综合系统M5.5；CRESPAR同时报告英语学习者结果不完全一致，故M评价有条件的实现终态，不假称普遍效果。 Root裁定维持M：这是有条件知识方法、综合方案或证据索引的终态，不把所有教学法、所有学校或学生成绩归入。",
      "aReason": "Slavin 0.20；Madden 0.18；Karweit 0.13；支持团队0.14；实施学校家庭学生0.18；前史0.08；机构0.06；未解析0.03。 本终稿不改a：本次修订没有新的可审计归功事实。",
      "overlapNote": "Success for All把合作学习、季度评估、一对一辅导、家庭参与等组合成综合阅读/学校改革模型的设计与实施支持；各组件一般方法、单校成绩和所有后续版本排除。",
      "status": "缺证暂估；root尺度裁定已记录；非生产评分",
      "missing": "需版本史、独立复现、实施忠实度、长期结果和不同学生群体的效应分布。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Success for All Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.successforall.org/our-approach/research-base/"
        },
        {
          "label": "约翰斯·霍普金斯大学 CSOS",
          "url": "https://education.jhu.edu/csos/impact/crespar-1994-2004/"
        }
      ],
      "year": "1980年代起",
      "share": "0.2",
      "exactLight": "112.2682650380698160789902079552962462936502086197383328163378847471767137286125697811715969052440612",
      "light": "112.268265",
      "standaloneScore": "4.11",
      "lightSharePercent": "32.2379"
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    {
      "id": "OUT-SL1373-1970S-1990S-COOPERATIVE-LEARNING-DESIGNS",
      "title": "与David DeVries合作的结构化合作学习设计",
      "summary": "斯莱文与David DeVries合作研究结构化合作学习，包括Teams-Games-Tournaments等设计。它建立在教育心理学和同伴学习前史上，并依赖教师、课程团队和参与学校；不把所有群体学习或学生结果归为两位研究者。",
      "M": "5.2",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "罗伯特·斯莱文",
          "actorId": "SL-1373",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.28"
        },
        {
          "actor": "David DeVries（合作学习研究合作者）",
          "actorId": "EXT-NAME:DAVID-DEVRIES",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.24"
        },
        {
          "actor": "合作/同伴学习、群体工作与教育心理学前驱",
          "actorId": "ROBERT-SLAVIN::COOPERATIVE-PEER-LEARNING-GROUP-WORK-AND-EDUCATIONAL-PSYCHOLOGY-PREHISTORY",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL",
          "share": "0.15"
        },
        {
          "actor": "合作学习研究者、教师与课程团队",
          "actorId": "ROBERT-SLAVIN::COOPERATIVE-LEARNING-RESEARCHERS-TEACHERS-AND-CURRICULUM-TEAMS",
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        {
          "actor": "参与学校、教师与学生",
          "actorId": "ROBERT-SLAVIN::PARTICIPATING-SCHOOLS-TEACHERS-AND-STUDENTS",
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          "share": "0.1"
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          "actor": "约翰斯·霍普金斯CSOS与研究机构",
          "actorId": "ROBERT-SLAVIN::JOHNS-HOPKINS-CSOS-AND-RESEARCH-INSTITUTIONS",
          "type": "INSTITUTION",
          "share": "0.06"
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        {
          "actor": "合作学习设计、试验与归属待核部分",
          "actorId": "ROBERT-SLAVIN::UNRESOLVED-COOPERATIVE-LEARNING-ATTRIBUTION",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
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      ],
      "mReason": "JHU明确DeVries与Slavin共同研究并列举TGT，支持M5.2的有界教学设计方法；不把所有合作学习或学生结果归二人。 Root裁定维持M：这是有条件知识方法、综合方案或证据索引的终态，不把所有教学法、所有学校或学生成绩归入。",
      "aReason": "Slavin 0.28；DeVries 0.24；教育前史0.15；研究课程团队0.12；学校师生0.10；机构0.06；未解析0.05。 本终稿不改a：本次修订没有新的可审计归功事实。",
      "overlapNote": "Teams-Games-Tournaments等有明确结构、团队目标和个人学习责任的合作学习研究设计族；一般小组活动、后续教师实践、SFA综合学校模型和所有学生成绩排除。",
      "status": "缺证暂估；root尺度裁定已记录；非生产评分",
      "missing": "需原始实验和系统综述核对设计、样本、比较组、异质性和DeVries/Slavin分工。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "约翰斯·霍普金斯大学 CSOS",
          "url": "https://education.jhu.edu/csos/impact/"
        }
      ],
      "year": "1970年代–1980年代",
      "share": "0.28",
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      "light": "111.190008",
      "standaloneScore": "4.10",
      "lightSharePercent": "31.9282"
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  "exactTotalLight": "348.2496785953187194904110001892922710558438290732489370350857048557728312076178654904991094169242235",
  "totalLight": "348.249679",
  "exactScore": "5.086272030234751036427862967247513587581164179653484839397464411094433997259673859123274653238945946",
  "displayScore": "5.09",
  "provisionalCount": 0,
  "provenance": {
    "releaseId": "research-200-20260914",
    "baselineLedgerSha256": "8bdd406b3e20ae22357644499e622922c670ff11010df0478c70c23b38902108",
    "c24DeltaSha256": "b0b96144d1d3397e54a61c3d706ff2da5920fe7617e3bef50407149cb97d9d62",
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  "priorScopeNote": "3项已列贡献的研究估分。账本覆盖有限的主要成果，尚未穷尽生涯。M与归功份额是可修订的评估判断；未覆盖经历和负面影响不按零处理。",
  "rank": 152
}
