{
  "personId": "sl-2216",
  "uid": "SL-2216",
  "name": "尤利乌斯·罗伯特·迈尔",
  "version": "V2研究贡献账",
  "updatedAt": "2026-09-15",
  "formula": {
    "q": "Q = 10^(M/2) − 1",
    "light": "Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ",
    "total": "L = Σ Lᵢ",
    "score": "S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L)"
  },
  "scopeNote": "本轮当前已列2项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。",
  "exclusions": [
    {
      "id": "MAYER-1845-PHYSIOLOGICAL-EXTENSION",
      "title": "1845生理、化学与太阳过程延伸",
      "reason": "作为能量转化思想的范围扩展由核心点消费；其中未经验证或错误推断不另计正成果。"
    },
    {
      "id": "MAYER-LATER-DYNAMIK-DES-HIMMELS",
      "title": "后续天体动力与通俗阐释",
      "reason": "传播残余与1842–45核心理论高度重合，且条目记录部分结论与数据冲突；无独立可存续终态前不设M。"
    }
  ],
  "items": [
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL2216-1842-1845-HEAT-WORK-EQUIVALENCE-AND-ENERGY-CONSERVATION",
      "title": "热与机械功等价及能量守恒的早期理论表述",
      "year": "1842",
      "summary": "提出热与机械功可互相转化并尝试数量联系，继而把不可毁灭/转化思路扩展到多种自然过程，为能量守恒的多源形成提供早期理论终态。",
      "mReason": "Deutsche Biographie明确1842文章、1845扩展及与Joule、Helmholtz的多路线时间线，也记录早期动能度量错误和实验不足。按早期统一表述、跨过程解释与基础性取M6.2；这是Mayer路线的理论终态，不是假称他单独发现完整现代能量守恒。",
      "aReason": "Mayer .40，力学/热理论前史 .25，同期直接讨论与编辑链 .06，出版机构 .04，未解析 .25。Joule与Helmholtz为独立路线/后继，不硬塞预算。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "论文、专利与机构资料：www.deutsche-biographie.de",
          "url": "https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/gnd118579584.html?language=de"
        },
        {
          "label": "论文、专利与机构资料：www.deutsche-biographie.de",
          "url": "https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz8419.html"
        },
        {
          "label": "论文、专利与机构资料：www.deutsche-biographie.de",
          "url": "https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/downloadPDF?url=sfz96616.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "missing": "尚未逐段比对1842与1845原刊的计算、引用和命题变化。；与Carnot、Holtzmann等早期热功思想的直接传递份额未完全解析。；现有Mayer在Clausius点0.04共享归功需联合账维持唯一，不应在本点再次领取第二定律。",
      "status": "缺证暂估",
      "overlapNote": "1842《Bemerkungen über die Kräfte der unbelebten Natur》与1845《Die organische Bewegung》中的热—功等价、自然力转化与守恒核心表述；两文本视为同一理论族，不另把生理、电磁、化学扩展或热功估算复制M；不领取Joule实验和Helmholtz后继系统表述。",
      "M": "6.2",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "尤利乌斯·罗伯特·迈尔",
          "actorId": "SL-2216",
          "type": "PERSON",
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        {
          "actor": "力学热质热机与力转化前驱",
          "actorId": "JULIUS-ROBERT-MAYER::MECHANICS-CALORIC-HEAT-ENGINE-AND-FORCE-TRANSFORMATION-PREDECESSORS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL",
          "share": "0.25"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Mayer同期科学与编辑交流者",
          "actorId": "JULIUS-ROBERT-MAYER::MAYER-CONTEMPORARY-SCIENTIFIC-AND-EDITORIAL-INTERLOCUTORS",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.06"
        },
        {
          "actor": "1842至1845年Mayer出版链",
          "actorId": "JULIUS-ROBERT-MAYER::MAYER-1842-1845-PUBLISHING-CHAIN",
          "type": "INSTITUTION",
          "share": "0.04"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未解析的Mayer理论贡献",
          "actorId": "JULIUS-ROBERT-MAYER::UNRESOLVED-MAYER-THEORY-ATTRIBUTION",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.25"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.4",
      "exactLight": "503.1701647176668841695816425583202424374469637867724276431692078106590463130008096484203865103784680",
      "light": "503.170165",
      "standaloneScore": "5.41",
      "lightSharePercent": "87.6204"
    },
    {
      "id": "CLAUSIUS-SECOND-LAW-ENTROPY-1850-1865",
      "title": "第二定律与熵作为状态量的公开形式化",
      "year": "1850–1865",
      "mReason": "1850—1865年的工作把过程方向、可逆循环与熵状态量纳入同一可计算框架，形成热力学的基础理论骨架，采用M6.5。其直接范围仍在热力学，后来的统计理论与工程应用另计。",
      "overlapNote": "1850、1854与1865年工作合为一个理论家族，不拆成三次第二定律贡献。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Clausius 1865 原始论文扫描",
          "url": "https://zenodo.org/records/1423700"
        },
        {
          "label": "Le Moyne 1865 英文节选",
          "url": "https://web.lemoyne.edu/giunta/clausius.html"
        },
        {
          "label": "圣安德鲁斯独立传记",
          "url": "https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Clausius/"
        }
      ],
      "missing": "",
      "aReason": "克劳修斯连续完成热功协调、Q/T变换等价形式及熵的综合，归功60%。其实际使用的卡诺循环框架、克拉佩龙与汤姆孙的知识传递，以及迈尔、焦耳和亥姆霍兹的热功研究分别保留份额。",
      "M": "6.5",
      "status": "已纳入研究估分",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "鲁道夫·克劳修斯",
          "actorId": "SL-0817",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.6"
        },
        {
          "actor": "萨迪·卡诺",
          "actorId": "SL-0119",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.12"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron",
          "actorId": "EXT-LITERAL:Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.08"
        },
        {
          "actor": "威廉·汤姆森（开尔文勋爵）",
          "actorId": "SL-2190",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.07"
        },
        {
          "actor": "尤利乌斯·罗伯特·迈尔",
          "actorId": "SL-2216",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.04"
        },
        {
          "actor": "詹姆斯·焦耳",
          "actorId": "SL-0148",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.06"
        },
        {
          "actor": "赫尔曼·冯·亥姆霍兹",
          "actorId": "SL-2202",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.03"
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      "share": "0.04",
      "exactLight": "71.09117640155691204901684780770739378943162105609021432047322891105207526157975219601201597114808620",
      "light": "71.091176",
      "standaloneScore": "3.72",
      "lightSharePercent": "12.3796"
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  "exactTotalLight": "574.2613411192237962185984903660276362268785848428626419636424367217111215745805618444324024815265542",
  "totalLight": "574.261341",
  "exactScore": "5.519730378842842662407142652461348851045414932884223812853049206660145611494470780342728509868348312",
  "displayScore": "5.52",
  "provisionalCount": 1,
  "provenance": {
    "releaseId": "research-200-20260914",
    "baselineLedgerSha256": "8bdd406b3e20ae22357644499e622922c670ff11010df0478c70c23b38902108",
    "c24DeltaSha256": "b0b96144d1d3397e54a61c3d706ff2da5920fe7617e3bef50407149cb97d9d62",
    "generatorSha256": "25de659e9852503508e7c27d8a31773b8da5d6310531b1e3699d18cc94319929"
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  "priorScopeNote": "2项已列贡献的研究估分，含1项暂估。账本覆盖有限的主要成果，尚未穷尽生涯。M与归功份额是可修订的评估判断；未覆盖经历和负面影响不按零处理。",
  "rank": 118
}