{
  "personId": "sl-2318",
  "uid": "SL-2318",
  "name": "阿玛尔·博斯",
  "version": "V2研究贡献账",
  "updatedAt": "2026-09-15",
  "formula": {
    "q": "Q = 10^(M/2) − 1",
    "light": "Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ",
    "total": "L = Σ Lᵢ",
    "score": "S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L)"
  },
  "scopeNote": "本轮当前已列5项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。",
  "exclusions": [
    {
      "id": "AMAR-BOSE-OTHER-PATENTS-POWER-ELECTRONICS-AND-NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS",
      "title": "其他专利、电力电子与非线性系统研究",
      "reason": "MIT与公司资料确认更广研究，但未按论文/专利核独立主要终态，不按专利数复制M。"
    },
    {
      "id": "AMAR-BOSE-CORPORATE-RESEARCH-ORGANIZATION-RESIDUAL",
      "title": "公司整体研究组织、治理与供应链",
      "reason": "候选对组织、劳动、供应链和军用合同的整体净后果尚未完成评估；不能只取研究组织的正面残余。具体可分产品已经单列，不重复领取公司整体。"
    }
  ],
  "items": [
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL2318-1956-1968-DIRECT-REFLECTING-SPEAKER-SYSTEM",
      "title": "心理声学研究与901直接/反射扬声器系统",
      "year": "1956–1968",
      "summary": "把感知目标、反射声研究和多单元结构转成可制造的家庭扬声器系统。",
      "mReason": "M5.8按研究—专利—1968产品的完整链和独立声场方案评估，不把公司营销的“革命性”措辞当M依据；901的墙面依赖与主观听感争议进入边界。",
      "aReason": "阿玛尔·博斯 0.28；901研究、工程与产品团队 0.28；Y.W. Lee 0.08；扬声器、心理声学与厅堂声学前史 0.16；早期制造、供应与演示团队 0.1；MIT电子研究实验室 0.04；未解析901归功 0.06。份额是可修订的研究判断，来源不为比例背书。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "原始作品、机构记录与研究",
          "url": "https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/amar-bose"
        },
        {
          "label": "原始作品、机构记录与研究",
          "url": "https://timeline.bose.com/decade/the-sixties"
        },
        {
          "label": "原始作品、机构记录与研究",
          "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US3582553A/en"
        }
      ],
      "missing": "901具体工程成员、论文与各专利权利要求未全解析。；独立测试与长期产品性能未系统核。",
      "status": "缺证暂估",
      "overlapNote": "1956后心理声学、扬声器专利与1968年901 Direct/Reflecting产品系统，含直接/反射声比例、箱体与均衡的整体交付。排除所有Bose产品、消费者偏好真值和后世型号。",
      "M": "5.8",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿玛尔·博斯",
          "actorId": "SL-2318",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.28"
        },
        {
          "actor": "901研究、工程与产品团队",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::BOSE-901-RESEARCH-ENGINEERING-AND-PRODUCT-TEAM",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.28"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Y.W. Lee",
          "actorId": "EXT-NAME:YW-LEE",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.08"
        },
        {
          "actor": "扬声器、心理声学与厅堂声学前史",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::LOUDSPEAKER-ACOUSTICS-PSYCHOACOUSTICS-AND-CONCERT-HALL-PREDECESSORS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL",
          "share": "0.16"
        },
        {
          "actor": "早期制造、供应与演示团队",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::BOSE-EARLY-MANUFACTURING-SUPPLY-AND-RETAIL-TEAM",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.1"
        },
        {
          "actor": "MIT电子研究实验室",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::MIT-RLE-ACOUSTIC-RESEARCH-ENVIRONMENT",
          "type": "INSTITUTION",
          "share": "0.04"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未解析901归功",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::UNRESOLVED-BOSE-901-ATTRIBUTION",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.06"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.28",
      "exactLight": "222.1319057227988205784571191941886211249089768915356129858507002087475952136165104991866705172132779",
      "light": "222.131906",
      "standaloneScore": "4.70",
      "lightSharePercent": "42.5547"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL2318-1980S-2000S-NOISE-CANCELLATION-SYSTEMS",
      "title": "航空、航天与消费降噪系统研发链",
      "year": "20世纪后期–2000年代",
      "summary": "将主动降噪从长期研究转为可部署于高噪声场景和消费产品的系统。",
      "mReason": "M5.5按跨场景实际部署的降噪系统族评估；现有官方/机构资料不足以把技术全归Bose个人，故团队份额最高，不用“第一”营销措辞定M。",
      "aReason": "阿玛尔·博斯 0.16；降噪研究、工程与产品团队 0.5；主动噪声控制、耳机与信号处理前史 0.18；航空航天与消费测试伙伴 0.06；Bose Corporation 0.04；未解析降噪归功 0.06。份额是可修订的研究判断，来源不为比例背书。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "原始作品、机构记录与研究",
          "url": "https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/amar-bose"
        },
        {
          "label": "原始作品、机构记录与研究",
          "url": "https://www.bose.com/about"
        }
      ],
      "missing": "主要专利、工程负责人、军民型号和首次部署未闭合。；独立性能与听力保护效果缺具体测试资料。",
      "status": "缺证暂估",
      "overlapNote": "Bose组织内航空、航天和消费场景的主动降噪系统研发与产品链。排除所有耳机、军事航空任务、公司销售和后世每代型号。",
      "M": "5.5",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿玛尔·博斯",
          "actorId": "SL-2318",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.16"
        },
        {
          "actor": "降噪研究、工程与产品团队",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::BOSE-NOISE-CANCELLATION-RESEARCH-ENGINEERING-AND-PRODUCT-TEAMS",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.5"
        },
        {
          "actor": "主动噪声控制、耳机与信号处理前史",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::ACTIVE-NOISE-CONTROL-HEADPHONE-AND-SIGNAL-PROCESSING-PREDECESSORS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL",
          "share": "0.18"
        },
        {
          "actor": "航空航天与消费测试伙伴",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::AVIATION-SPACE-AND-CONSUMER-TEST-PARTNERS",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.06"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Bose Corporation",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::BOSE-CORPORATION",
          "type": "INSTITUTION",
          "share": "0.04"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未解析降噪归功",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::UNRESOLVED-BOSE-NOISE-CANCELLATION-ATTRIBUTION",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.06"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.16",
      "exactLight": "89.81461203045585286319216636423699703492016689579066625307030779774137098289005582493727752419524894",
      "light": "89.814612",
      "standaloneScore": "3.92",
      "lightSharePercent": "17.2062"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL2318-1979-1983-FACTORY-INSTALLED-CUSTOM-TUNED-AUTOMOTIVE-AUDIO",
      "title": "车型定制的原厂高级音响系统",
      "year": "1979–1983",
      "summary": "把特定车舱视为完整声学环境，测量内部并按车型优化扬声器位置与调音，交付工厂安装系统。",
      "mReason": "有具体1983量产车型和区别于家用901的整车集成终态，价值高于概念设计；现仅公司自述、个人边际有限，故按重要专用工程系统暂估。",
      "aReason": "阿马尔·玻色 0.15；Bose车载声学与产品团队 0.34；通用汽车、Delco与凯迪拉克集成团队 0.27；车载音响、声学与原厂集成前史 0.12；汽车制造供应与经销链 0.06；未解析份额 0.06。份额是可修订的研究判断，来源不为比例背书。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "原始作品、机构记录与研究",
          "url": "https://timeline.bose.com/decade/the-eighties"
        },
        {
          "label": "原始作品、机构记录与研究",
          "url": "https://automotive.bose.com/about"
        }
      ],
      "missing": "来源均为公司自述，first/unprecedented措辞未由独立行业史交叉验证；Amar Bose本人、Sherwin Greenblatt及具体工程师的决策和专利份额未闭合",
      "status": "缺证暂估",
      "overlapNote": "计Bose与GM/Delco从1979前后协作到1983 Cadillac Seville出厂搭载的车型测量、扬声器布局与定制调音系统；不领取后来所有车型和品牌合作，也不重复901的一般心理声学价值。",
      "M": "5.4",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿玛尔·博斯",
          "actorId": "SL-2318",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.15"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Bose车载声学与产品团队",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::BOSE-AUTOMOTIVE-ACOUSTICS-AND-PRODUCT-TEAM",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.34"
        },
        {
          "actor": "通用汽车、Delco与凯迪拉克集成团队",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::GENERAL-MOTORS-DELCO-AND-CADILLAC-INTEGRATION-TEAM",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.27"
        },
        {
          "actor": "车载音响、声学与原厂集成前史",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::AUTOMOTIVE-AUDIO-ACOUSTICS-AND-OEM-PREDECESSORS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL",
          "share": "0.12"
        },
        {
          "actor": "汽车制造供应与经销链",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::AUTOMOTIVE-MANUFACTURING-SUPPLY-AND-DEALER-CHAIN",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.06"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未解析份额",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::UNRESOLVED-BOSE-AUTOMOTIVE-AUDIO-ATTRIBUTION",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.06"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.15",
      "exactLight": "75.02808504409084275023312803274186520907079847492288958945461838335168835332460334396558093222131058",
      "light": "75.028085",
      "standaloneScore": "3.76",
      "lightSharePercent": "14.3734"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL2318-1980S-1990S-AUDITIONER-ACOUSTIC-SIMULATION",
      "title": "Auditioner建筑声学听觉模拟工具",
      "year": "20世纪末",
      "summary": "把抽象声学参数转成可在建造前试听和比较的具体设计辅助工具。",
      "mReason": "M5.2按可交付软件工具和设计决策接口评估；个人直接技术角色证据较薄，因此主要份额归软件声学团队，M不因证据薄而机械降值。",
      "aReason": "阿玛尔·博斯 0.18；Auditioner软件、声学与工程团队 0.46；建筑声学模拟与可听化前史 0.18；建筑与技术试用合作者 0.06；Bose Corporation 0.05；未解析Auditioner归功 0.07。份额是可修订的研究判断，来源不为比例背书。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "原始作品、机构记录与研究",
          "url": "https://bosefellows.mit.edu/drbose/"
        },
        {
          "label": "原始作品、机构记录与研究",
          "url": "https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/amar-bose"
        }
      ],
      "missing": "发明年份、主要开发者、版本和独立用户验证未闭合。；与一般auralization前史的技术差分需论文/专利核。",
      "status": "缺证暂估",
      "overlapNote": "Auditioner在建筑建成前依据空间参数模拟特定音响系统听感的程序与演示工具。排除所有建筑设计、后续版本和901声学价值。",
      "M": "5.2",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿玛尔·博斯",
          "actorId": "SL-2318",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.18"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Auditioner软件、声学与工程团队",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::BOSE-AUDITIONER-SOFTWARE-ACOUSTIC-AND-ENGINEERING-TEAM",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.46"
        },
        {
          "actor": "建筑声学模拟与可听化前史",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::ARCHITECTURAL-ACOUSTICS-SIMULATION-AND-AURALIZATION-PREDECESSORS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL",
          "share": "0.18"
        },
        {
          "actor": "建筑与技术试用合作者",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::ARCHITECTS-AND-TECHNICAL-USERS-AS-DESIGN-CONTRIBUTORS",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.06"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Bose Corporation",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::BOSE-CORPORATION",
          "type": "INSTITUTION",
          "share": "0.05"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未解析Auditioner归功",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::UNRESOLVED-AUDITIONER-ATTRIBUTION",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.07"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.18",
      "exactLight": "71.47929069962950513864541491579536782778186671352848043575114665084047369650244703332329608932792485",
      "light": "71.479291",
      "standaloneScore": "3.72",
      "lightSharePercent": "13.6936"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL2318-1980-2004-ACTIVE-AUTOMOTIVE-SUSPENSION",
      "title": "长期主动汽车悬架研发与2004演示",
      "year": "约1980–2004",
      "summary": "跨学科团队形成可演示的主动悬架原型，把公司研究扩展到非音频系统。",
      "mReason": "M5.2按长期工程研发和有证2004公开原型评估，高于纯概念但不按量产系统或公司投入换算。",
      "aReason": "阿玛尔·博斯 0.16；汽车悬架工程与原型团队 0.52；主动悬架、控制与机电前史 0.18；车辆测试与整合伙伴 0.05；Bose Corporation 0.04；未解析悬架归功 0.05。份额是可修订的研究判断，来源不为比例背书。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "原始作品、机构记录与研究",
          "url": "https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/amar-bose"
        }
      ],
      "missing": "缺具体专利、工程成员、测试结果和量产证据。；安全、能耗与全生命周期后果未核。",
      "status": "缺证暂估",
      "overlapNote": "约24年主动汽车悬架研究及2004公开演示的设计/原型终态。排除量产、所有车辆安全收益和音频业务。",
      "M": "5.2",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "阿玛尔·博斯",
          "actorId": "SL-2318",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.16"
        },
        {
          "actor": "汽车悬架工程与原型团队",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::BOSE-AUTOMOTIVE-SUSPENSION-ENGINEERING-AND-PROTOTYPE-TEAM",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.52"
        },
        {
          "actor": "主动悬架、控制与机电前史",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::ACTIVE-SUSPENSION-CONTROL-ELECTROMECHANICAL-PREDECESSORS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL",
          "share": "0.18"
        },
        {
          "actor": "车辆测试与整合伙伴",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::AUTOMOTIVE-TEST-AND-INTEGRATION-PARTNERS",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.05"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Bose Corporation",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::BOSE-CORPORATION",
          "type": "INSTITUTION",
          "share": "0.04"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未解析悬架归功",
          "actorId": "AMAR-BOSE::UNRESOLVED-BOSE-SUSPENSION-ATTRIBUTION",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.16",
      "exactLight": "63.53714728855956012324036881404032695802832596758087149844546368963597661911328625184292985718037765",
      "light": "63.537147",
      "standaloneScore": "3.62",
      "lightSharePercent": "12.1721"
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  ],
  "exactTotalLight": "521.9910407855345814537681973210031781547101349433585207625722367303171048654469029532557549201381398",
  "totalLight": "521.991041",
  "exactScore": "5.436988498305364488026179496654461462502908372814684349222318053127471277270924547965169243712337304",
  "displayScore": "5.44",
  "provisionalCount": 5,
  "provenance": {
    "releaseId": "research-200-20260914",
    "baselineLedgerSha256": "8bdd406b3e20ae22357644499e622922c670ff11010df0478c70c23b38902108",
    "c24DeltaSha256": "b0b96144d1d3397e54a61c3d706ff2da5920fe7617e3bef50407149cb97d9d62",
    "generatorSha256": "25de659e9852503508e7c27d8a31773b8da5d6310531b1e3699d18cc94319929"
  },
  "priorScopeNote": "5项已列贡献的研究估分，含5项暂估。账本覆盖有限的主要成果，尚未穷尽生涯。M与归功份额是可修订的评估判断；未覆盖经历和负面影响不按零处理。",
  "rank": 122
}
