{ "personId": "sl-2631", "uid": "SL-2631", "name": "埃德温·兰德", "version": "V2研究贡献账", "updatedAt": "2026-09-15", "formula": { "q": "Q = 10^(M/2) − 1", "light": "Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ", "total": "L = Σ Lᵢ", "score": "S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L)" }, "scopeNote": "本轮当前已列3项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。", "exclusions": [ { "id": "LAND-ROWLAND-INSTITUTE", "title": "Rowland Institute研究组织服务", "reason": "可证Land创办机构，但现包没有其本人具体项目选择、治理交付或可与研究人员成果分开的服务终态；职位/创办事实不自动领取后续研究。" }, { "id": "LAND-POLAVISION", "title": "Polavision即时电影系统", "reason": "资料明确其未获商业成功；投入、专利和上市本身不等于独立正向文明交付，也不从即时摄影主族复制M。" } ], "items": [ { "id": "OUT-SL2631-1947-1978-INSTANT-PHOTOGRAPHY-INTEGRATED-SYSTEM", "title": "即时摄影的一体化相机—胶片—显影产品系统", "year": "1947", "summary": "把曝光、扩散转印、显影控制、胶片封装和相机机构整合为用户可直接取得成像结果的实际产品系统，并持续迭代到更完整的一步式终态。", "mReason": "MIT时间线和Land专利背景支持1947展示、1948上市及由多名发明者和团队形成的扩散转印系统。按实际交付、跨学科整合及长期产品成熟度取M6.3，不按型号数量累加。", "aReason": "Land .25，Morse .07，Rogers .07，研发制造设计团队 .29，前史 .12，Polaroid .10，未解析 .10。", "sources": [ { "label": "论文、专利与机构资料：lemelson.mit.edu", "url": "https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/edwin-land" }, { "label": "论文、专利与机构资料：patents.google.com", "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US3114636A/en" }, { "label": "论文、专利与机构资料：www.nasonline.org", "url": "https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/land-edwin.pdf" } ], "missing": "各代相机和胶片中具体化学家、设计师与制造团队的份额未闭合。；环境、劳动和隐私后果缺产品线级资料。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "1947公开展示、1948 Model 95上市至彩色与SX-70等后续成熟的一体化即时摄影产品线；把同一化学—胶片—相机平台视为连续族，不按型号或专利复制；未成功Polavision不按成功交付计值。", "M": "6.3", "budget": [ { "actor": "埃德温·兰德", "actorId": "SL-2631", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.25" }, { "actor": "Meroe M. Morse", "actorId": "EXT-NAME:MEROE-M-MORSE", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.07" }, { "actor": "Howard G. Rogers", "actorId": "EXT-NAME:HOWARD-G-ROGERS", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.07" }, { "actor": "Polaroid即时摄影研发制造设计团队", "actorId": "EDWIN-LAND::POLAROID-INSTANT-PHOTOGRAPHY-RD-MANUFACTURING-AND-DESIGN-TEAMS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.29" }, { "actor": "摄影化学相机与扩散转印前驱", "actorId": "EDWIN-LAND::PHOTOGRAPHIC-CHEMISTRY-CAMERA-AND-DIFFUSION-TRANSFER-PREDECESSORS", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.12" }, { "actor": "Polaroid公司", "actorId": "EDWIN-LAND::POLAROID-CORPORATION", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.1" }, { "actor": "未解析的即时摄影贡献", "actorId": "EDWIN-LAND::UNRESOLVED-INSTANT-PHOTOGRAPHY-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.1" } ], "share": "0.25", "exactLight": "352.8843861556885755389019659825602324474290375253171277279921399124665777800008960395378959912336582", "light": "352.884386", "standaloneScore": "5.10", "lightSharePercent": "43.1871" }, { "id": "OUT-SL2631-1929-1937-SHEET-POLARIZER-AND-INDUSTRIALIZATION", "title": "可量产片状偏振器及早期工业化", "year": "1929", "summary": "把微小偏振颗粒取向并稳定为可制造片材，结合质量控制形成可规模供应的光学材料平台。", "mReason": "HBS、MIT与Optica共同支持片状偏振器专利、公司化和持续生产。按材料—制造—交付连续终态取M5.8，不按专利数或后世产业规模累计。", "aReason": "Land .30，Wheelwright .13，工程质量团队 .22，前史 .14，机构 .07，未解析 .14。", "sources": [ { "label": "论文、专利与机构资料：www.library.hbs.edu", "url": "https://www.library.hbs.edu/hc/polaroid/emergence-of-a-new-technology/invention-of-the-polarizer/" }, { "label": "论文、专利与机构资料：lemelson.mit.edu", "url": "https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/edwin-land" }, { "label": "论文、专利与机构资料：www.optica.org", "url": "https://www.optica.org/get_involved/awards_and_honors/awards/award_award_histories/landhistory/" } ], "missing": "制造配方、设备及工程人员的逐项贡献未闭合。；不同应用的净后果未作行业级追踪。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "1929–1937及其早期量产阶段的片状偏振材料、制造控制和商业交付；不按专利、应用行业或后继偏振产品逐件复制M。", "M": "5.8", "budget": [ { "actor": "埃德温·兰德", "actorId": "SL-2631", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.3" }, { "actor": "George Wheelwright III", "actorId": "EXT-NAME:GEORGE-WHEELWRIGHT-III", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.13" }, { "actor": "Polaroid偏振片工程与质控团队", "actorId": "EDWIN-LAND::POLAROID-POLARIZER-ENGINEERING-AND-QUALITY-TEAMS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.22" }, { "actor": "偏振光学与材料技术前驱", "actorId": "EDWIN-LAND::POLARIZATION-OPTICS-AND-MATERIALS-PREDECESSORS", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.14" }, { "actor": "Land-Wheelwright实验室与早期Polaroid", "actorId": "EDWIN-LAND::LAND-WHEELWRIGHT-AND-EARLY-POLAROID", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.07" }, { "actor": "未解析的Land偏振片贡献", "actorId": "EDWIN-LAND::UNRESOLVED-LAND-POLARIZER-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.14" } ], "share": "0.3", "exactLight": "237.9984704172844506197754848509163797766881895266452996276971787950867091574462612491285755541570834", "light": "237.998470", "standaloneScore": "4.76", "lightSharePercent": "29.1270" }, { "id": "OUT-SL2631-1959-1983-RETINEX-COLOR-CONSTANCY-MODEL", "title": "Retinex颜色恒常性实验与计算解释框架", "year": "1959", "summary": "用多波段明度图像的比较解释物体颜色对照明通量变化的相对稳定，并以实验和数学方案形成可检验模型。", "mReason": "Optica原论文摘要与NAS回顾支持Land–McCann模型的具体命题、共同作者和实验来源。按独立理论及计算表达取M5.7；理论争议影响上下界而非因未读全文机械折扣。", "aReason": "Land .32，McCann .16，实验建模团队 .13，前史 .22，机构 .05，未解析 .12。", "sources": [ { "label": "论文、专利与机构资料：opg.optica.org", "url": "https://opg.optica.org/josa/abstract.cfm?uri=josa-61-1-1" }, { "label": "论文、专利与机构资料：www.nasonline.org", "url": "https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/land-edwin.pdf" }, { "label": "论文、专利与机构资料：www.optica.org", "url": "https://www.optica.org/get_involved/awards_and_honors/awards/award_award_histories/landhistory/" } ], "missing": "不同Retinex版本及反对/修订证据未系统比较。；下游图像算法与生理颜色模型的实际传递关系未逐项核实。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "1959–1983关于自然图像颜色恒常性的实验、Retinex理论与光度计算方案；不把所有颜色视觉、现代图像增强或摄影产品价值归入。", "M": "5.7", "budget": [ { "actor": "埃德温·兰德", "actorId": "SL-2631", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.32" }, { "actor": "John J. McCann", "actorId": "EXT-NAME:JOHN-J-MCCANN", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.16" }, { "actor": "Retinex实验与计算合作者", "actorId": "EDWIN-LAND::RETINEX-EXPERIMENTAL-AND-COMPUTATIONAL-COLLABORATORS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.13" }, { "actor": "色觉色度与颜色恒常性前驱", "actorId": "EDWIN-LAND::COLOR-VISION-COLORIMETRY-AND-CONSTANCY-PREDECESSORS", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.22" }, { "actor": "Polaroid与视觉研究机构", "actorId": "EDWIN-LAND::POLAROID-AND-VISION-RESEARCH-INSTITUTIONS", "type": "INSTITUTION", "share": "0.05" }, { "actor": "未解析的Retinex贡献", "actorId": "EDWIN-LAND::UNRESOLVED-RETINEX-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.12" } ], "share": "0.32", "exactLight": "226.2226510029241314567087815005800669934185489764155780246909550800533406371826937222569235934456423", "light": "226.222651", "standaloneScore": "4.71", "lightSharePercent": "27.6859" } ], "exactTotalLight": "817.1055075758971576153862323340566792175357760283780053803802737876066275746298510109233951388363839", "totalLight": "817.105508", "exactScore": "5.825618632778322286239851803213542742951553947689172784514486171973643469467835388484617446499947752", "displayScore": "5.83", "provisionalCount": 3, "provenance": { "releaseId": "research-200-20260914", "baselineLedgerSha256": "8bdd406b3e20ae22357644499e622922c670ff11010df0478c70c23b38902108", "c24DeltaSha256": "b0b96144d1d3397e54a61c3d706ff2da5920fe7617e3bef50407149cb97d9d62", "generatorSha256": "25de659e9852503508e7c27d8a31773b8da5d6310531b1e3699d18cc94319929" }, "priorScopeNote": "3项已列贡献的研究估分，含3项暂估。账本覆盖有限的主要成果，尚未穷尽生涯。M与归功份额是可修订的评估判断；未覆盖经历和负面影响不按零处理。", "rank": 95 }