{
  "personId": "thomas-edison",
  "uid": "SL-0098",
  "name": "托马斯·爱迪生",
  "version": "V2研究贡献账",
  "updatedAt": "2026-09-15",
  "formula": {
    "q": "Q = 10^(M/2) − 1",
    "light": "Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ",
    "total": "L = Σ Lᵢ",
    "score": "S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L)"
  },
  "scopeNote": "本轮当前已列12项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。",
  "exclusions": [
    {
      "id": "EDISON-DALLY-ADVERSE",
      "title": "Clarence Dally的辐射伤害与死亡",
      "reason": "Dally在爱迪生X射线项目中遭受严重辐射伤害，并于1904年死亡。该事件与荧光镜贡献共同列明；实验室监管、风险知情及个人归责比例仍待补证。"
    },
    {
      "id": "EDISON-ORE-FAILED",
      "title": "Ogden选矿项目失败",
      "reason": "项目曾实际运行，后因经济竞争而放弃；投入与设备规模不作正向成果，成本及可分离方法价值尚未量定。"
    },
    {
      "id": "EDISON-VOTE-NONADOPTION",
      "title": "电选票记录器未获采用",
      "reason": "已有专利及演示记录，未形成所计划的议会投票服务；不把预期效率改善当作已经兑现的结果。"
    },
    {
      "id": "EDISON-OTHER-GAPS",
      "title": "未覆盖贡献及负面影响",
      "reason": "专利争讼、劳动与环境影响、其他未审理经历仍需补充；不按未发现记录推定为零。"
    }
  ],
  "items": [
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0098-PRACTICAL-LIGHTING-CENTRAL-SERVICE-1879-1890",
      "title": "白炽照明与 Pearl Street 中央供电服务",
      "year": "1879-1890",
      "summary": "Menlo Park分工团队在爱迪生监督和系统方向下完成跨组件匹配，并于1882年把Pearl Street投入实际服务。",
      "mReason": "M6.3评估实际运行的中央照明与供电系统，涵盖研发、制造、施工、运营间的集成及可复用服务模式。高于专用接口与单机工程锚；与信息论M7的差异在已纳入的跨用途范围，不在工程/科学身份。",
      "aReason": "爱迪生的系统方向与监督0.25；Upton、Howell、Goddard、Porter、Clarke、Kruesi等研究工程团队0.25；制造施工运营团队0.20；资本方和城市采用制度0.15；既有照明发电公用事业前史0.10；未知0.05。个人监督不等于亲自设计建造全部组件。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "www.nps.gov",
          "url": "https://www.nps.gov/edis/learn/historyculture/edison-biography.htm"
        },
        {
          "label": "edison.rutgers.edu",
          "url": "https://edison.rutgers.edu/life-of-edison/biographical-essays/lighting/from-research-to-development"
        }
      ],
      "missing": "长期直接成本、燃料和火灾电气风险未闭合。；具名团队成员的内部份额仍为聚合预算。",
      "status": "缺证暂估",
      "overlapNote": "1879至1890年把实用白炽灯、发电机、配电、表计、熔断器、灯座、绝缘、施工与运营集成为Pearl Street有界中央照明和动力服务。所有组件均由本终态消费，不另给单灯丝、发电机、表计、保险丝或灯座重复M。排除全球电气化、后世公用事业、公司资本控制及火灾后重建。",
      "M": "6.3",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "托马斯·爱迪生",
          "actorId": "SL-0098",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.25"
        },
        {
          "actor": "协作团队",
          "actorId": "EDISON-LIGHTING::MENLO-PARK-RESEARCH-ENGINEERING",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.25"
        },
        {
          "actor": "协作团队",
          "actorId": "EDISON-LIGHTING::PEARL-STREET-MANUFACTURING-CONSTRUCTION-OPERATIONS",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.20"
        },
        {
          "actor": "机构与运营方",
          "actorId": "EDISON-LIGHTING::CAPITAL-URBAN-ADOPTION-INSTITUTIONS",
          "type": "INSTITUTION",
          "share": "0.15"
        },
        {
          "actor": "前驱知识池",
          "actorId": "EDISON-LIGHTING::LIGHTING-GENERATION-UTILITY-PREHISTORY",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.10"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "EDISON-LIGHTING::UNKNOWN",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.25",
      "exactLight": "352.8843861556885755389019659825602324474290375253171277279921399124665777800008960395378959912336582",
      "light": "352.884386",
      "standaloneScore": "5.10",
      "lightSharePercent": "25.9895"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0098-02-TINFOIL-WORKING-ARTIFACT",
      "title": "覆箔留声机的录放演示",
      "year": "1877",
      "summary": "把声振动转成覆箔上的机械痕迹并反向回放，首次物化出可观察、可检验的录放闭环。",
      "mReason": "M5.5评估已工作且公开演示的声音录放新功能，包含奠基作用。初版介质脆弱，后续耐用产品与复制交付只另计残余改进，不把录音产业全额收入。该值没有工程低于科学的类别上限。",
      "aReason": "沿用既有较清楚的角色结构：爱迪生构想和实验方向0.40；Kruesi按指示快速制成工作机0.30；Batchelor等实验、记录、测试和演示团队0.15；电话及记录前史0.10；未知0.05。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "edison.rutgers.edu",
          "url": "https://edison.rutgers.edu/images/innovations/TAEBdocs/Doc1133_Phono_11-29-77_ag0437.jpg_linked.pdf"
        },
        {
          "label": "edison.rutgers.edu",
          "url": "https://edison.rutgers.edu/life-of-edison/biographical-essays/tinfoil-phonograph/inventing-sound-recording"
        }
      ],
      "missing": "缺逐人实验日志的完整归因核验。；初版装置的耐用性、复制能力和直接成本未闭合。",
      "status": "缺证暂估",
      "overlapNote": "1877年覆箔沟槽圆筒在同一工作机器上完成声音录制与回放，并在Scientific American观察者前演示；不计蜡筒、唱片复制、广播、版权、唱片产业或后继娱乐。",
      "M": "5.5",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "托马斯·爱迪生",
          "actorId": "SL-0098",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.40"
        },
        {
          "actor": "约翰·克鲁西",
          "actorId": "JOHN-KRUESI",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.30"
        },
        {
          "actor": "协作团队",
          "actorId": "EDISON-TINFOIL-PHONOGRAPH::BATCHELOR-JOHNSON-LAB-DOCUMENTATION-TEST-DEMONSTRATION",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.15"
        },
        {
          "actor": "前驱知识池",
          "actorId": "EDISON-TINFOIL-PHONOGRAPH::SOUND-RECORDING-TELEPHONE-RECORDER-PREHISTORY",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.10"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "EDISON-TINFOIL-PHONOGRAPH::UNKNOWN",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.40",
      "exactLight": "224.5365300761396321579804159105924925873004172394766656326757694943534274572251395623431938104881224",
      "light": "224.536530",
      "standaloneScore": "4.71",
      "lightSharePercent": "16.5368"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0098-QUADRUPLEX-TELEGRAPH-1874-1878",
      "title": "四工电报",
      "year": "1870s; 1878 repeater patent record",
      "summary": "爱迪生把两类复用方式及换向处理组合成可在既有线路上实施的四工架构，降低扩容必须新铺线路的程度。",
      "mReason": "M5.0用于一项直接提高既有通信基础设施容量、具有长期采用线索的通用工程方法。它接近瓦特分离冷凝M5.2，但现有材料缺独立运营账和跨网络效果核验，故略低；没有年代系数。",
      "aReason": "爱迪生以方法组合和专利化责任获0.55；duplex、diplex和继电器前史占0.15；Western Union的委托、采用、线路运营和维护占0.20；工作室实现及未知各0.05。节省新线的收益不能自动转成爱迪生份额。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "edison.rutgers.edu",
          "url": "https://edison.rutgers.edu/component/content/article/quadruplex-telegraph"
        },
        {
          "label": "edison.rutgers.edu",
          "url": "https://edison.rutgers.edu/images/archive/patents/00209241.PDF"
        }
      ],
      "missing": "缺独立运营账和贡献者分工材料。；未核算线路事故、资本和运营净成本。",
      "status": "缺证暂估",
      "overlapNote": "把duplex与同向双讯diplex组合，并以中性/极化继电器和bug trap处理换向瞬间，使一条既有电报线承载四条独立讯息；计入有界容量方法及其被采用的线路服务，不计Western Union全网收益、后继数字通信或专利数量。",
      "M": "5.0",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "托马斯·爱迪生",
          "actorId": "SL-0098",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.55"
        },
        {
          "actor": "前驱知识池",
          "actorId": "EDISON-QUADRUPLEX::DUPLEX-DIPLEX-RELAY-PREDECESSORS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.15"
        },
        {
          "actor": "机构与运营方",
          "actorId": "EDISON-QUADRUPLEX::WESTERN-UNION-ADOPTION-OPERATIONS",
          "type": "INSTITUTION",
          "share": "0.20"
        },
        {
          "actor": "协作团队",
          "actorId": "EDISON-QUADRUPLEX::WORKSHOP-IMPLEMENTATION",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.05"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "EDISON-QUADRUPLEX::UNKNOWN",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.55",
      "exactLight": "173.3752713092608632599391449437995193545755326628869254771627669035926941251581021739336459608615162",
      "light": "173.375271",
      "standaloneScore": "4.48",
      "lightSharePercent": "12.7689"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0098-CARBON-TELEPHONE-TRANSMITTER-1877-1885",
      "title": "碳粒电话发射器改良",
      "year": "1877-1878; 1885 improved form",
      "summary": "以振膜压力改变碳材料电阻和线路电流，并进一步采用烘焙无烟煤颗粒，形成可长期沿用的发射器基本结构。",
      "mReason": "M5.0反映一个对既有电话功能有实质改进、可复用且有长期结构延续线索的关键接口。因共同优先权、同期性能比较和部署边界尚未独立闭合，不升到更高平台档。",
      "aReason": "爱迪生获0.50；Bell电话体系、碳接触和电阻变化前史占0.20；Menlo Park实验制作占0.10；Western Union与后续Bell体系部署占0.10；共同优先权及未知保留0.10，避免把未读的竞争发明史静默归零。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "edison.rutgers.edu",
          "url": "https://edison.rutgers.edu/life-of-edison/inventions?catid=91&catid=911%3Atelephone-transmitter&id=541%3Atelephone-transmitter&view=article"
        },
        {
          "label": "edison.rutgers.edu",
          "url": "https://edison.rutgers.edu/images/archive/patents/00203016.PDF"
        }
      ],
      "missing": "缺Bell及独立工程档案对共同优先权的核验。；缺同口径传输性能和部署范围比较。",
      "status": "缺证暂估",
      "overlapNote": "1877年灯黑碳按钮及1885年颗粒碳发射器对语音电流强度和远距传输的改良；不计电话发明、整张电话网、接收器、交换系统或数字电话。",
      "M": "5.0",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "托马斯·爱迪生",
          "actorId": "SL-0098",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.50"
        },
        {
          "actor": "前驱知识池",
          "actorId": "EDISON-CARBON-TRANSMITTER::BELL-TELEPHONE-AND-CARBON-CONTACT-PREHISTORY",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.20"
        },
        {
          "actor": "协作团队",
          "actorId": "EDISON-CARBON-TRANSMITTER::MENLO-PARK-RESEARCH-FABRICATION",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.10"
        },
        {
          "actor": "机构与运营方",
          "actorId": "EDISON-CARBON-TRANSMITTER::WESTERN-UNION-BELL-DEPLOYMENT",
          "type": "INSTITUTION",
          "share": "0.10"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "EDISON-CARBON-TRANSMITTER::PRIORITY-AND-UNKNOWN",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.10"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.50",
      "exactLight": "157.6138830084189665999446772216359266859777569662608413428752426396297219319619110672124054189650148",
      "light": "157.613883",
      "standaloneScore": "4.40",
      "lightSharePercent": "11.6081"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0098-WAX-CYLINDER-HOME-PHONOGRAPH-1888-1900",
      "title": "蜡筒留声机、低价家用机与唱片复制改良",
      "year": "1888-1900",
      "summary": "West Orange团队推进蜡筒、低价家用机和唱片复制，使声音记录从脆弱演示转向较耐用、可制造和可分发的产品阶段。",
      "mReason": "M5.0对应把已有原理推进到耐用产品和复制交付的系统工程阶段。它有公司组织和产品推出证据，但缺性能、销量和独立市场账，且不能领取整个唱片业，故低于首次功能突破与成熟通用动力平台。",
      "aReason": "爱迪生个人0.30；West Orange研发工程团队0.30；National Phonograph制造销售体系0.20；渠道用户0.05；覆箔录放及相关前史0.10；未知0.05。材料明确称爱迪生及员工共同完善，不能把团队工作归为个人。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "edison.rutgers.edu",
          "url": "https://edison.rutgers.edu/edit-chronology/chronology-details/1891---1900/1896"
        },
        {
          "label": "edison.rutgers.edu",
          "url": "https://edison.rutgers.edu/life-of-edison/biography/detailed-biography"
        }
      ],
      "missing": "缺蜡筒专利正文、产品性能和独立销量记录。；团队内部设计及复制方法份额未识别。",
      "status": "缺证暂估",
      "overlapNote": "1888至1900年蜡筒耐用介质、1896年低价弹簧马达Home Phonograph及世纪之交唱片复制改良的工程和交付阶段；不重复1877年首次录放原理，不计整个录音产业、后世介质或所有Edison品牌产品。",
      "M": "5.0",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "托马斯·爱迪生",
          "actorId": "SL-0098",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.30"
        },
        {
          "actor": "协作团队",
          "actorId": "EDISON-WAX-PHONOGRAPH::WEST-ORANGE-RESEARCH-ENGINEERING",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.30"
        },
        {
          "actor": "机构与运营方",
          "actorId": "EDISON-WAX-PHONOGRAPH::NATIONAL-PHONOGRAPH-MANUFACTURING-SALES",
          "type": "INSTITUTION",
          "share": "0.20"
        },
        {
          "actor": "发行渠道与使用者",
          "actorId": "EDISON-WAX-PHONOGRAPH::DISTRIBUTION-USERS",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.05"
        },
        {
          "actor": "前驱知识池",
          "actorId": "EDISON-WAX-PHONOGRAPH::TINFOIL-AND-RECORDING-PREDECESSORS",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.10"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "EDISON-WAX-PHONOGRAPH::UNKNOWN",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.30",
      "exactLight": "94.56832980505137995996680633298155601158665417975650480572514558377783315917714664032744325137900885",
      "light": "94.568330",
      "standaloneScore": "3.96",
      "lightSharePercent": "6.9648"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0098-1870-1876-AUTOMATIC-TELEGRAPH-SERVICE",
      "title": "化学记录自动电报的有限运营",
      "year": "1870–1876",
      "summary": "可保留为有界的高速度化学记录自动电报服务与方法成果，同时保留准备和递送成本、罗马字方案失败及适用场景限制。",
      "mReason": "M4.5评估穿孔带发送及化学记录组成的真实运营方法，受短电报成本和适用场景限制，低于四工复用M5；不以速度纪录直接换分。",
      "aReason": "作者方向与改良给本人，既有发明、工作室实现和运营采用单列。各份额为粗粒度判断，未把专利权或公司收入当作本人贡献。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "罗格斯大学爱迪生文献项目",
          "url": "https://edison.rutgers.edu/life-of-edison/inventions?catid=91&id=527:automatic-telegraphy&view=article"
        },
        {
          "label": "罗格斯大学爱迪生文献项目",
          "url": "https://edison.rutgers.edu/life-of-edison/biography"
        }
      ],
      "missing": "未找到独立运营记录来量化报务量、客户收益、故障率，或区分Edison、机械师和电报公司对实际服务的份额。",
      "status": "缺证暂估",
      "overlapNote": "可保留为有界的高速度化学记录自动电报服务与方法成果，同时保留准备和递送成本、罗马字方案失败及适用场景限制。 与股票报价机、四重电报的基础电报能力相邻；只以1872–76实际线路服务为终点，不以速度数字、每项机构件或后来的工业研究实验室模型重复加分。",
      "M": "4.5",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "托马斯·爱迪生",
          "actorId": "SL-0098",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.45"
        },
        {
          "actor": "工作室工程实现团队",
          "actorId": "EDISON-AUTO-TELEGRAPH::WORKSHOP-ENGINEERING",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": ".20"
        },
        {
          "actor": "电报公司运营团队",
          "actorId": "EDISON-AUTO-TELEGRAPH::TELEGRAPH-COMPANY-OPERATIONS",
          "type": "INSTITUTION",
          "share": ".20"
        },
        {
          "actor": "自动发送技术前驱",
          "actorId": "EDISON-AUTO-TELEGRAPH::AUTOMATIC-TRANSMISSION-PREHISTORY",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": ".10"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未识别的贡献",
          "actorId": "EDISON-AUTO-TELEGRAPH::UNKNOWN",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": ".05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.45",
      "exactLight": "79.57257345175152605514395378367081801311057368810149111053238252493358466927722122051351796754159698",
      "light": "79.572573",
      "standaloneScore": "3.81",
      "lightSharePercent": "5.8604"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0098-DICKSON-KINETOGRAPH-KINETOSCOPE-1888-1894",
      "title": "Kinetograph/Kinetoscope 早期电影拍摄与窥视观看系统",
      "year": "1888-1894",
      "summary": "Dickson主导摄影知识和具体技术工作，爱迪生提供构想、资源及机电方向，团队做出可拍摄、可观看并进入早期商业展示的系统。",
      "mReason": "M5.0对应一个已完成摄影、观看、公开展示和早期商业交付闭环的新媒介系统。其观看方式和规模仍受窥视机限制，且不含投影与后续产业，因此低于更广泛基础设施平台。",
      "aReason": "Dickson以摄影知识和核心具体发明工作获最高0.45；爱迪生以构想、资源和机电方向获0.25；实验室制作测试0.10；Muybridge、摄影与胶片前史0.15；未知0.05。爱迪生名义和资源控制不能吞没Dickson的核心角色。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "edison.rutgers.edu",
          "url": "https://edison.rutgers.edu/component/content/article/motion-pictures?Itemid=101&catid=91%3Ainventions"
        }
      ],
      "missing": "缺独立馆藏和原始专利逐件核对。；Dickson与其他实验室成员在具体器件上的内部份额仍可校准。",
      "status": "缺证暂估",
      "overlapNote": "1888至1894年Kinetograph摄影机与单人窥视Kinetoscope的联合系统，以及1893公开展示和1894商业观看。排除投影、Vitascope、Porter、Jenkins、Armat、后续电影制作、版权争讼和全球影视文化。",
      "M": "5.0",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "威廉·肯尼迪·劳里·迪克森",
          "actorId": "W-K-L-DICKSON",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.45"
        },
        {
          "actor": "托马斯·爱迪生",
          "actorId": "SL-0098",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.25"
        },
        {
          "actor": "协作团队",
          "actorId": "EDISON-MOTION-PICTURE::LAB-FABRICATION-TEST",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.10"
        },
        {
          "actor": "前驱知识池",
          "actorId": "EDISON-MOTION-PICTURE::MUYBRIDGE-PHOTOGRAPHY-FILM-PREHISTORY",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.15"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "EDISON-MOTION-PICTURE::UNKNOWN",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.25",
      "exactLight": "78.80694150420948329997233861081796334298887848313042067143762131981486096598095553360620270948250738",
      "light": "78.806942",
      "standaloneScore": "3.80",
      "lightSharePercent": "5.8040"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0098-ALKALINE-STORAGE-BATTERY-1901-1908",
      "title": "碱性蓄电池的研发、制造与用途",
      "year": "1901-1908",
      "summary": "公司研究部门围绕镍铁活性材料和碱性电解液形成可制造产品，并把电池交付到多类实际设备。",
      "mReason": "M4.5用于有明确材料结构、制造组织和多类用途证据的工程产品族。现有材料缺独立性能复测、规模及生命周期账，故低于瓦特冷凝M5.2等更清楚的一般方法锚。",
      "aReason": "爱迪生0.40；公司研究工程团队0.25；制造销售0.15；矿灯、铁路、潜艇和车辆集成者0.10；蓄电池前史0.05；未知0.05。公司受让专利或冠名不等于个人完成全部研发制造。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "edison.rutgers.edu",
          "url": "https://edison.rutgers.edu/life-of-edison/companies/company-details/battery/edison-storage-battery-company"
        },
        {
          "label": "edison.rutgers.edu",
          "url": "https://edison.rutgers.edu/images/patents/00876445.PDF"
        }
      ],
      "missing": "缺早期规格、独立性能复测和销量。；产品危害、材料和生命周期成本未审结。；所据公司史未逐年区分各用途的首次实际应用时间。",
      "status": "缺证暂估",
      "overlapNote": "1901年起的镍铁碱性蓄电池研发和后续制造应用，1908年专利仅作技术节点，不把公司历史提到的所有用途硬限定为1908年前已完成。排除各应用设备和后世储能产业全部价值。",
      "M": "4.5",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "托马斯·爱迪生",
          "actorId": "SL-0098",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.40"
        },
        {
          "actor": "协作团队",
          "actorId": "EDISON-BATTERY::RESEARCH-ENGINEERING",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.25"
        },
        {
          "actor": "机构与运营方",
          "actorId": "EDISON-BATTERY::MANUFACTURING-SALES",
          "type": "INSTITUTION",
          "share": "0.15"
        },
        {
          "actor": "矿业、铁路、潜艇与车辆集成者",
          "actorId": "EDISON-BATTERY::MINING-RAIL-SUBMARINE-VEHICLE-INTEGRATORS",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.10"
        },
        {
          "actor": "前驱知识池",
          "actorId": "EDISON-BATTERY::STORAGE-BATTERY-PREHISTORY",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.05"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "EDISON-BATTERY::UNKNOWN",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.40",
      "exactLight": "70.73117640155691204901684780770739378943162105609021432047322891105207526157975219601201597114808620",
      "light": "70.731176",
      "standaloneScore": "3.71",
      "lightSharePercent": "5.2093"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0098-1871-STOCK-PRINTER-SYNCHRONIZATION",
      "title": "Universal Stock Printer 的同步与节能改良",
      "year": "1871",
      "summary": "这是对既有股票报价机的实用同步、字轮/走纸与发射器改良，有实际使用；不能归为股票报价机的首创。",
      "mReason": "M4.2评估已采用的专门同步打印接口，范围窄于四工电报M5的线路容量改良；不把长年沿用等同全市场收益。",
      "aReason": "作者方向与改良给本人，既有发明、工作室实现和运营采用单列。各份额为粗粒度判断，未把专利权或公司收入当作本人贡献。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "罗格斯大学爱迪生文献项目",
          "url": "https://edison.rutgers.edu/component/content/article/stock-ticker"
        }
      ],
      "missing": "现有馆藏综述未给可审计的用户规模、交易信息效果或团队/Gold and Stock 的精确工程分工。",
      "status": "缺证暂估",
      "overlapNote": "这是对既有股票报价机的实用同步、字轮/走纸与发射器改良，有实际使用；不能归为股票报价机的首创。 与四重电报共享早期电报技术背景，但终点是行情打印机的同步运行；不得以每个改良专利另拆分计入。",
      "M": "4.2",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "托马斯·爱迪生",
          "actorId": "SL-0098",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.55"
        },
        {
          "actor": "卡拉汉及打印电报前驱",
          "actorId": "EDISON-TICKER::CALAHAN-AND-PRINTING-TELEGRAPH-PREHISTORY",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": ".15"
        },
        {
          "actor": "Gold and Stock公司采用与运营",
          "actorId": "EDISON-TICKER::GOLD-STOCK-ADOPTION-OPERATIONS",
          "type": "INSTITUTION",
          "share": ".15"
        },
        {
          "actor": "工作室工程实现团队",
          "actorId": "EDISON-TICKER::WORKSHOP-ENGINEERING",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": ".10"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未识别的贡献",
          "actorId": "EDISON-TICKER::UNKNOWN",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": ".05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.55",
      "exactLight": "68.69089764867919657331747585176903333514895752068120880093576607396561886803761132665780314517703935",
      "light": "68.690898",
      "standaloneScore": "3.69",
      "lightSharePercent": "5.0590"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0098-PORTLAND-CEMENT-PROCESS-1899-1942",
      "title": "波特兰水泥制造工艺与 Stewartsville 工厂",
      "year": "1899-1942 corporate continuation",
      "summary": "以爱迪生相关工艺和专利组织公司、建设工厂并形成持续制造与销售，构成从工艺到工厂的交付链。",
      "mReason": "M4.2反映已有工厂、销售和长期制造线索的专门工业过程。因缺原始工艺、相对产能质量、环境劳动账，暂低于多用途电池M4.5和通用方法M5级。",
      "aReason": "爱迪生的工艺和组织方向0.30；工艺、厂务和运营团队0.30；公司资本管理0.15；销售、专利池及继承组织0.10；既有水泥窑炉前史0.10；未知0.05。公司延续年份不能全部算作个人劳动。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "edison.rutgers.edu",
          "url": "https://edison.rutgers.edu/life-of-edison/companies/company-details/cement-and-cement-products/edison-portland-cement-company"
        }
      ],
      "missing": "缺工艺专利、图纸和相对产能质量。；环境排放、劳动条件和公司各阶段绩效未闭合。",
      "status": "缺证暂估",
      "overlapNote": "1899年起爱迪生水泥工艺、Stewartsville工厂及继承公司延续至1942年的有界制造服务；不计全部水泥业、建筑存量、后续厂商或专利池整体。选矿项目中的破碎输入只作为前驱，失败投入不转成水泥正分。",
      "M": "4.2",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "托马斯·爱迪生",
          "actorId": "SL-0098",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.30"
        },
        {
          "actor": "协作团队",
          "actorId": "EDISON-CEMENT::PROCESS-PLANT-ENGINEERING-OPERATIONS",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.30"
        },
        {
          "actor": "机构与运营方",
          "actorId": "EDISON-CEMENT::COMPANY-CAPITAL-MANAGEMENT",
          "type": "INSTITUTION",
          "share": "0.15"
        },
        {
          "actor": "机构与运营方",
          "actorId": "EDISON-CEMENT::SALES-PATENT-POOL-SUCCESSOR",
          "type": "INSTITUTION",
          "share": "0.10"
        },
        {
          "actor": "前驱知识池",
          "actorId": "EDISON-CEMENT::PORTLAND-CEMENT-KILN-PREHISTORY",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.10"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "EDISON-CEMENT::UNKNOWN",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.30",
      "exactLight": "37.46776235382501631271862319187401818280852228400793207323769058579942847347506072363152898827838510",
      "light": "37.467762",
      "standaloneScore": "3.17",
      "lightSharePercent": "2.7595"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0098-ELECTRIC-PEN-AUTOGRAPHIC-PRESS-1875-1880",
      "title": "电笔与蜡纸复印压机",
      "year": "1875-1880",
      "summary": "团队把小型电机驱动穿孔与模板滚印组合为一套可销售的办公复制办法。",
      "mReason": "M3.2用于已有产品、代理和实际使用线索但因电池负担及机械替代而较快衰退的专用工具。它高于单件原型，低于长期稳定基础设施。",
      "aReason": "爱迪生获0.45；实验室及Batchelor开发占0.20；George Bliss、制造商和代理的商业物化占0.20；复制印刷前史0.10；未知0.05。用户采用不另领取技术作者份额。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "edison.rutgers.edu",
          "url": "https://edison.rutgers.edu/life-of-edison/inventions?catid=91&id=533%3Aelectric-pen&view=article"
        }
      ],
      "missing": "缺原始专利和独立使用记录。；实验室成员与制造销售者的内部份额未闭合。",
      "status": "缺证暂估",
      "overlapNote": "电动针在处理纸上穿孔制成模板，再以滚轮挤墨复印的笔和压机产品阶段；计入已有代理与1880年前衰退边界，不计后来的mimeograph、纹身针、办公室复制产业和全部商业文书。",
      "M": "3.2",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "托马斯·爱迪生",
          "actorId": "SL-0098",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.45"
        },
        {
          "actor": "协作团队",
          "actorId": "EDISON-ELECTRIC-PEN::MENLO-PARK-BATCHELOR-DEVELOPMENT",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.20"
        },
        {
          "actor": "乔治·布利斯、制造商与代理商",
          "actorId": "EDISON-ELECTRIC-PEN::GEORGE-BLISS-MANUFACTURERS-AGENTS",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.20"
        },
        {
          "actor": "前驱知识池",
          "actorId": "EDISON-ELECTRIC-PEN::COPYING-PRINTING-PREHISTORY",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.10"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "EDISON-ELECTRIC-PEN::UNKNOWN",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.05"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.45",
      "exactLight": "17.46482267490737628466135372894884195694546667838212010893778666271011842412561175833082402233198121",
      "light": "17.464823",
      "standaloneScore": "2.53",
      "lightSharePercent": "1.2863"
    },
    {
      "id": "OUT-SL0098-XRAY-FLUOROSCOPE-1896",
      "title": "1896 年 X 射线荧光镜交付",
      "year": "1896",
      "summary": "爱迪生实验室在发现后短期内完成一台可交付荧光镜并送入大学研究环境。现有材料未证明独有设计或后续使用效果。",
      "mReason": "M1.8是对一台明确完成并交付器物的低档暂估，高于纯计划，但缺结构、性能、用途和后续使用证据，不能按可复用方法或医疗平台估值。",
      "aReason": "爱迪生实验方向暂估30%，实验室设计制作测试团队35%，伦琴发现与同期成像前史25%，未明输入10%。Pupin仅有接收记录，不把可能的测试劳动自动计为5%贡献。",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "edison.rutgers.edu",
          "url": "https://edison.rutgers.edu/edit-chronology/chronology-details/1891---1900/1896"
        },
        {
          "label": "史密森学会：荧光镜及Dally历史",
          "url": "https://americanhistory.si.edu/lighting/history/patents/ed_flu.htm"
        },
        {
          "label": "史密森学会：荧光镜及Dally历史",
          "url": "https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/clarence-dally-the-man-who-gave-thomas-edison-x-ray-vision-123713565/"
        }
      ],
      "missing": "未读仪器设计、性能和Pupin后续用途记录。；协作者、剂量和伤害材料缺失。；Clarence Dally在该X射线项目中的严重辐射伤害与1904年死亡已确认；个人风险知情、监管责任和归责比例待核。此项仅表示有界器物交付，不能代表项目净收益。",
      "status": "缺证暂估",
      "overlapNote": "1896年实验室完成并寄给Columbia的Michael Pupin的一台X射线荧光镜这一单次器物交付；不计X射线发现、放射医学、设备产业或未经核实的安全效果。",
      "M": "1.8",
      "budget": [
        {
          "actor": "托马斯·爱迪生",
          "actorId": "SL-0098",
          "type": "PERSON",
          "share": "0.30"
        },
        {
          "actor": "协作团队",
          "actorId": "EDISON-XRAY::LAB-DESIGN-FABRICATION-TEST",
          "type": "TEAM",
          "share": "0.35"
        },
        {
          "actor": "前驱知识池",
          "actorId": "EDISON-XRAY::RONTGEN-FLUORESCENCE-IMAGING-PREHISTORY",
          "type": "PREDECESSOR",
          "share": "0.25"
        },
        {
          "actor": "未分配",
          "actorId": "EDISON-XRAY::UNKNOWN",
          "type": "UNALLOCATED",
          "share": "0.10"
        }
      ],
      "share": "0.30",
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      "light": "2.082985",
      "standaloneScore": "0.98",
      "lightSharePercent": "0.1534"
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  "totalLight": "1357.795559",
  "exactScore": "6.266308237620194661690569664102590165454633839670223577685024335578794820073510733026143974460595154",
  "displayScore": "6.27",
  "provisionalCount": 12,
  "provenance": {
    "releaseId": "research-200-20260914",
    "baselineLedgerSha256": "8bdd406b3e20ae22357644499e622922c670ff11010df0478c70c23b38902108",
    "c24DeltaSha256": "b0b96144d1d3397e54a61c3d706ff2da5920fe7617e3bef50407149cb97d9d62",
    "generatorSha256": "25de659e9852503508e7c27d8a31773b8da5d6310531b1e3699d18cc94319929"
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  "priorScopeNote": "12项已列贡献的研究估分，含12项暂估。账本覆盖有限的主要成果，尚未穷尽生涯。M与归功份额是可修订的评估判断；未覆盖经历和负面影响不按零处理。",
  "rank": 52
}