{ "personId": "wernher-von-braun", "uid": "SL-0213", "name": "沃纳·冯·布劳恩", "version": "V2研究贡献账", "updatedAt": "2026-09-15", "formula": { "q": "Q = 10^(M/2) − 1", "light": "Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ", "total": "L = Σ Lᵢ", "score": "S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L)" }, "scopeNote": "本轮当前已列3项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。", "exclusions": [ { "id": "VON-BRAUN-SCOPE-1", "title": "未纳入范围与责任边界", "reason": "A-4/V-2 的武器攻击、Mittelwerk/Mittelbau-Dora 被奴役劳动及其死亡后果不被拆成技术正向收益；个人责任份额尚未量化。", "sources": [ { "label": "原始机构资料与历史研究", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/people/wernher-von-braun/" }, { "label": "原始机构资料与历史研究", "url": "https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/project-paperclip-and-american-rocketry-after-world-war-ii" } ] }, { "id": "VON-BRAUN-SCOPE-2", "title": "未纳入范围与责任边界", "reason": "Explorer 科学成果、Mercury 全部任务、Apollo 登月行动、宇航员活动、美国航天政策与预算不归入个人。", "sources": [ { "label": "原始机构资料与历史研究", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/people/wernher-von-braun/" }, { "label": "原始机构资料与历史研究", "url": "https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/project-paperclip-and-american-rocketry-after-world-war-ii" } ] }, { "id": "VON-BRAUN-SCOPE-3", "title": "未纳入范围与责任边界", "reason": "未证实的公众动员、政策说服或所有美国导弹成就不计。", "sources": [ { "label": "原始机构资料与历史研究", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/people/wernher-von-braun/" }, { "label": "原始机构资料与历史研究", "url": "https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/project-paperclip-and-american-rocketry-after-world-war-ii" } ] }, { "id": "VONBRAUN-A4-V2-ROCKET-PROGRAM", "title": "A-4/V-2武器及强迫劳动后果", "reason": "A-4/V-2实际交付就是战争弹道导弹，生产直接嵌入Mittelwerk/Mittelbau-Dora奴役劳动，至少一万死亡的史学估计与武器攻击不能从技术成果分离。按D06不把纯技术潜力拆成正M后再另扣；公开技术领导与伤害事实，但净正不明，暂不进入正向合计。个人对强迫劳动决策、知情与干预的精确责任另需档案分配。", "sources": [ { "label": "原始机构资料与历史研究", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/people/wernher-von-braun/" }, { "label": "原始机构资料与历史研究", "url": "https://www.smithsonianmag.com/blogs/air-space-museum/2020/06/30/wonder-weapons-and-slave-labor/" } ] } ], "items": [ { "id": "OUT-SL0213-1960-1972-SATURN-V-LAUNCH-SYSTEM", "title": "Marshall整合与Saturn V超重型发射系统", "year": "1960-1972", "summary": "作为 Marshall 中心主任及 NASA 所称 Saturn V chief architect，参与将发动机、结构、制导、制造和发射运行整合为实际承担 Apollo 月球转移发射的超重型运载火箭。按一个发射系统计；每次 Apollo、登月行动和科学收益不重复领取。", "mReason": "Saturn V经1960年代研发，将发动机、级间结构、制导、制造与发射运行整合为至1972年多次成功发射的超重型运载系统，取M6.5。M仅覆盖运载系统交付；登月行动、科学仪器和后续航天成果不回灌。", "aReason": "von Braun 0.17；Marshall团队0.22；NASA与联邦组织0.15；承包商0.20；技术前史0.10；发射任务团队0.10；未解析0.06。", "sources": [ { "label": "NASA：冯·布劳恩人物资料", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/people/wernher-von-braun/" }, { "label": "史密森尼《Air & Space》：Saturn V 工程回顾", "url": "https://www.smithsonianmag.com/air-space-magazine/we-built-saturn-v-180964759/" } ], "missing": "需Marshall决策记录与合同分解个人对构型、管理和任务结果的边际贡献。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "1960至1972年Marshall中心与多承包商整合Saturn V超重型运载火箭，并实际承担Apollo飞船月球转移发射。按一个发射系统计；每次Apollo、登月行动、科学仪器、政策和所有美国航天成就排除。", "M": "6.5", "budget": [ { "actor": "沃纳·冯·布劳恩", "actorId": "SL-0213", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.17" }, { "actor": "Marshall 航天飞行中心工程团队", "actorId": "VON-BRAUN::MARSHALL-SPACE-FLIGHT-CENTER-ENGINEERING-TEAM", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.22" }, { "actor": "NASA Apollo 项目管理与联邦资助体系", "actorId": "VON-BRAUN::NASA-APOLLO-PROGRAM-MANAGEMENT-AND-FEDERAL-SPONSORSHIP", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.15" }, { "actor": "Rocketdyne、North American、IBM 及承包系统", "actorId": "VON-BRAUN::ROCKETDYNE-NORTH-AMERICAN-IBM-AND-CONTRACTOR-SYSTEM", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.2" }, { "actor": "推进、结构、制导与重型发射工程前史", "actorId": "VON-BRAUN::PROPULSION-STRUCTURE-GUIDANCE-AND-HEAVY-LAUNCH-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.1" }, { "actor": "任务控制、发射运行与宇航员", "actorId": "VON-BRAUN::MISSION-CONTROL-LAUNCH-OPERATIONS-AND-ASTRONAUTS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.1" }, { "actor": "尚未解析的系统架构与管理归属", "actorId": "VON-BRAUN::UNRESOLVED-ARCHITECTURE-AND-MANAGEMENT-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.06" } ], "share": "0.17", "exactLight": "302.1374997066168762083216031827564236050843894883834108620112228719713198617139468330510678773793664", "light": "302.137500", "standaloneScore": "4.96", "lightSharePercent": "73.3647" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0213-1945-1960-US-ARMY-EARLY-SPACE-LAUNCHERS", "title": "美国陆军火箭向早期卫星与载人发射器的工程转移", "year": "1945-1965", "summary": "战后至1960年代中期团队参与Redstone、Juno-1、Mercury-Redstone与Saturn I的工程链，以及从军用火箭技术向卫星和早期载人发射的残余转移。按发射器家族计一次，不按每型或每次任务复制；Explorer科学、Mercury全部任务、政策和预算排除。", "mReason": "跨多型发射器完成从导弹工程到卫星/载人发射的实际系统转移，取M5.4。V-2本身的技术价值不在此重复；资料未逐型读只扩大a与区间。", "aReason": "von Braun 0.20；德国火箭团队0.17；陆军与发射0.18；JPL/Explorer 0.10；承包制造测试0.13；技术前史0.12；宇航员及任务团队0.06；未解析0.04。", "sources": [ { "label": "NASA Science：冯·布劳恩与早期美国火箭", "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-observatory/wernher-von-braun/" }, { "label": "史密森尼国家航空航天博物馆：Project Paperclip", "url": "https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/project-paperclip-and-american-rocketry-after-world-war-ii" } ], "missing": "需逐型设计签署、制造商、失败/成功任务及军民用途边界。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "战后至1960年代中期团队参与Redstone、Juno-1、Mercury-Redstone与Saturn I的工程链，以及从军用火箭技术向卫星和早期载人发射的残余转移。按发射器家族计一次，不按每型或每次任务复制；Explorer科学、Mercury全部任务、政策和预算排除。", "M": "5.4", "budget": [ { "actor": "沃纳·冯·布劳恩", "actorId": "SL-0213", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.2" }, { "actor": "Paperclip 德国火箭工程团队", "actorId": "VON-BRAUN::PAPERCLIP-GERMAN-ROCKET-TEAM", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.17" }, { "actor": "美国陆军军械体系与发射运行人员", "actorId": "VON-BRAUN::US-ARMY-ORDNANCE-AND-LAUNCH-OPERATIONS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.18" }, { "actor": "JPL、Explorer 与科学载荷团队", "actorId": "VON-BRAUN::JPL-EXPLORER-AND-SCIENTIFIC-PAYLOAD-TEAM", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.1" }, { "actor": "美国承包制造与测试团队", "actorId": "VON-BRAUN::US-CONTRACTORS-MANUFACTURING-AND-TEST-TEAMS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.13" }, { "actor": "液体火箭与导弹工程前史", "actorId": "VON-BRAUN::LIQUID-ROCKET-AND-MISSILE-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.12" }, { "actor": "宇航员、NASA 前身机构及任务团队", "actorId": "VON-BRAUN::ASTRONAUTS-NASA-PREDECESSOR-AND-MISSION-TEAMS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.06" }, { "actor": "尚未解析的设计与任务归属", "actorId": "VON-BRAUN::UNRESOLVED-DESIGN-AND-MISSION-ATTRIBUTION", "type": "UNALLOCATED", "share": "0.04" } ], "share": "0.2", "exactLight": "100.0374467254544570003108373769891536120943979665638527859394911778022511377661377919541079096284141", "light": "100.037447", "standaloneScore": "4.01", "lightSharePercent": "24.2910" }, { "id": "OUT-SL0213-1950S-SPACE-MEDIA-ADVOCACY-DELIVERY", "title": "Collier’s与Disney航天公众传播内容交付", "year": "1950年代", "summary": "参与 Collier’s 与 Disney 的可定位航天公众传播内容，把火箭与空间设想转译为杂志和电视媒介。只计具体技术传播服务；媒体团队、受众、国会和 NASA 公共事务共同决定影响，未建立政策因果。", "mReason": "有明确跨媒体技术传播交付，按大众科学内容服务取M3.1；读者和政策因果未知只限制scope。", "aReason": "von Braun 0.28；Collier’s团队0.20；Disney团队0.22；公共事务环境0.08；传播前史0.10；受众/未解析0.12。", "sources": [ { "label": "NASA《Remembering the Space Age》", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/sp-4703.pdf?emrc=0353ef" } ], "missing": "需具体节目、署名、受众及是否淡化V-2历史的内容核查。", "status": "缺证暂估", "overlapNote": "1950年代在Collier’s和Disney中参与制作的具体航天传播内容。只计可定位媒体交付，不领取NASA公众支持、国会政策、全部节目内容或名人知名度。", "M": "3.1", "budget": [ { "actor": "沃纳·冯·布劳恩", "actorId": "SL-0213", "type": "PERSON", "share": "0.28" }, { "actor": "《Collier’s》编辑、作者与插画人员", "actorId": "VON-BRAUN::COLLIERS-EDITORS-WRITERS-AND-ILLUSTRATORS", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.2" }, { "actor": "Disney 制片、编剧、动画与发行团队", "actorId": "VON-BRAUN::DISNEY-PRODUCERS-WRITERS-ANIMATORS-AND-DISTRIBUTION", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.22" }, { "actor": "NASA 与美国航天公共事务环境", "actorId": "VON-BRAUN::NASA-AND-US-SPACE-PUBLIC-AFFAIRS-CONTEXT", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.08" }, { "actor": "大众科学与航天倡导传播前史", "actorId": "VON-BRAUN::POPULAR-SCIENCE-AND-SPACE-ADVOCACY-PREHISTORY", "type": "PREDECESSOR_POOL", "share": "0.1" }, { "actor": "受众及尚未解析的政策影响", "actorId": "VON-BRAUN::AUDIENCES-AND-UNRESOLVED-POLICY-INFLUENCE", "type": "TEAM", "share": "0.12" } ], "share": "0.28", "exactLight": "9.654774898540112836130123663405737373757711297829061659049501531318399016534851589159682445775148234", "light": "9.654775", "standaloneScore": "2.06", "lightSharePercent": "2.3444" } ], "exactTotalLight": "411.8297213306114460447625642231513145909364987527763253070002155810919700160149362141648582327829287", "totalLight": "411.829721", "exactScore": "5.231541912825639009347203236937717175251916574724967833252494741076145106931575917869556438640601222", "displayScore": "5.23", "provisionalCount": 3, "provenance": { "releaseId": "research-200-20260914", "baselineLedgerSha256": "8bdd406b3e20ae22357644499e622922c670ff11010df0478c70c23b38902108", "c24DeltaSha256": "b0b96144d1d3397e54a61c3d706ff2da5920fe7617e3bef50407149cb97d9d62", "generatorSha256": "25de659e9852503508e7c27d8a31773b8da5d6310531b1e3699d18cc94319929" }, "priorScopeNote": "3项已列贡献的研究估分，含3项暂估。账本覆盖有限的主要成果，尚未穷尽生涯。M与归功份额是可修订的评估判断；未覆盖经历和负面影响不按零处理。", "rank": 143 }