Displayed to two decimal places.
PERSON · STARLIGHT
Murasaki Shikibu
Recorded name: 紫式部
A writer of Japan’s Heian period and the author of The Tale of Genji and the Diary of Murasaki Shikibu. Her long narrative brings together courtly relationships, poetic exchanges, social rank, and characters’ psychological lives.
Original Chinese introduction
日本平安时代作家，《源氏物语》与《紫式部日记》的作者。她在长篇叙事中组织宫廷关系、诗歌往来、社会等级与人物心理。
This round lists only the integrated narrative of the complete Tale of Genji. Characters, chapters, and poems are not split into duplicative scores; specific literary prehistory retains a share, while courtly subject matter and uncertainty caused by the lack of an autograph do not receive separate attribution deductions. The Diary, other works, and positive and negative career areas are not exhaustive; uncovered material is not zero. Magnitude and shares are revisable research judgments, not a whole-career assessment.
Original Chinese context
本轮仅列《源氏物语》整部长篇的整合性叙事。人物、章节与诗歌不拆分重复计分；具体文学前史保留共享份额，宫廷题材与无直笔的不确定性不另扣归功。日记、其他作品和正负生涯尚未穷尽，未覆盖不等于零；量级与份额是可修订研究判断，非全生涯总评。
Introduction sources
- Columbia University: The Tale of Genji ↗ · Bounded reading of the work’s life-course, courtly-relationship, and psychological-narrative scope. Limits: It does not establish authorship of every chapter, exact shares, the ‘first novel,’ or the magnitude of later reception.
- National Diet Library: Murasaki Shikibu authority record ↗ · The existing SL-0210 identity and bibliographic authorship relations for The Tale of Genji and the Diary. Limits: It does not establish complete textual history, passage-level attribution, M/a, or the value of later reception.
- National Diet Library: Murasaki autograph reference ↗ · The textual-transmission limitation and the boundary against treating later manuscripts as the author’s direct production. Limits: It neither negates the authorship relation nor proves that any particular passage was rewritten.
- NIHU: Genji commentary and digitization ↗ · Later commentary, transcription, and digital reading are later research or readability work, not automatically Murasaki’s original formation. Limits: It provides no original-author list, share, independent Diary function, or literary M.
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art: A Japanese Classic Illuminated ↗ · Distinguishes the original work from later paintings and artistic traditions it inspired; the latter are not original-author formation shares. Limits: An exhibition, ‘psychological novel’ label, or scale of artistic tradition does not set M/a directly.
- Harvard / Met: Heian Court Culture and the Transmission of the Tale ↗ · Supports specific literary prehistory and distinguishes Murasaki’s composition from contemporary and later copying and manuscript transmission. Limits: Identifies no co-author and supplies neither M nor attribution percentages.
- Cambridge University Press: Murasaki Shikibu, The Tale of Genji ↗ · Supports treating cultural context as descriptive and separating later textual production from original authorship. Limits: Does not support a context share, an unknown original co-author, or a confidence discount, and supplies neither M nor attribution percentages.
Derived from the current score.
Contribution groups assessed so far; coverage is still being expanded.
ASSESSMENT SCOPEWhat this score covers
All included contribution titles and notes are available in English. The complete original text remains available in Chinese; both editions use the same scores and source links.
Uncovered contributions and unresolved harms are not treated as zero. This is not a complete assessment of a lifetime.
1 included contribution has incomplete evidence; the relevant gap appears with that contribution.
Original scope note
This round lists only the integrated narrative of the complete Tale of Genji. Characters, chapters, and poems are not split into duplicative scores; specific literary prehistory retains a share, while courtly subject matter and uncertainty caused by the lack of an autograph do not receive separate attribution deductions. The Diary, other works, and positive and negative career areas are not exhaustive; uncovered material is not zero. Magnitude and shares are revisable research judgments, not a whole-career assessment.
Original Chinese scope
本轮仅列《源氏物语》整部长篇的整合性叙事。人物、章节与诗歌不拆分重复计分；具体文学前史保留共享份额，宫廷题材与无直笔的不确定性不另扣归功。日记、其他作品和正负生涯尚未穷尽，未覆盖不等于零；量级与份额是可修订研究判断，非全生涯总评。
CALCULATIONHow the score is calculated
Q = 10^(M/2) − 1; Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ; L = Σ Lᵢ; S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L).
M is an outcome’s assessed magnitude and a is the person’s allocated share. A standalone score is only a per-item reference; the attributed light from distinct contributions is what can be combined.
SCORE DETAILS
1 evaluated contributions
M is the assessed magnitude of an outcome; attribution is the person’s share of credit. Attributed light can be added. The standalone score is only a per-item reference and must not be added across rows.
Scroll sideways for scores and attribution.
| Outcome | M | Attribution share | Attributed light | Standalone score | Share of total | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01An integrated courtly narrative of life, relationships, and psychology in The Tale of Genji《源氏物语》的整合性宫廷人生—关系—心理叙事OUT-SL0210-C1008-GENJI-INTEGRATED-COURTLY-NARRATIVE · c. 1008–c. 1019 | 6.0 | 82% | 819.180000 | 5.83 | 100.0000% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
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NOTES AND SOURCES
Contribution notes and source links
English translations of the included notes appear below, with their Chinese originals available for comparison.
01An integrated courtly narrative of life, relationships, and psychology in The Tale of Genji《源氏物语》的整合性宫廷人生—关系—心理叙事OUT-SL0210-C1008-GENJI-INTEGRATED-COURTLY-NARRATIVE
Record yearc. 1008–c. 1019
Original Chinese · record year
约1008–约1019
summaryTreats The Tale of Genji as one complete long-form narrative: a narrative world organized around characters’ life courses through courtly relationships, poetic exchanges, social rank, emotional judgment, and psychological states. Its characters, fifty-four chapters, individual poems, and episodes depend on one another and form one Q.
Original Chinese · summary
把《源氏物语》作为一部完整长篇叙事交付：围绕人物生命历程，以宫廷关系、诗歌往来、社会等级、情感判断和心理状态组织叙事世界。人物、五十四章、局部诗歌与情节互相依赖，合为一个Q。
M rationaleThe object is a complete long-form narrative resource that can be reread across generations and integrates social rank, relationships, and psychological states; it exceeds a local lyric, a single episode, or a technical description. The central estimate is below Henry James’s M6.1 transatlantic-novel family and Shakespeare’s M6.1 tragedy/late-romance text group, each of which covers multiple independent texts and a wider set of characters and situations; it is above Shakespeare’s M5.7 comedy texts and Stravinsky’s M5.5 single complete opera because this item is one long narrative world spanning a life course. M5.8/6.2 are scope sensitivities. It is not inferred from claims of the ‘first novel,’ exhibition prestige, number of translations, or standing in Japanese literature.
Original Chinese · M rationale
对象是一部完整、可跨代重读的长篇叙事资源，整合社会等级、关系和心理状态，超过局部抒情、单一情节或技巧说明。中心低于Henry James跨大西洋长篇小说族M6.1和Shakespeare悲剧/晚期混合剧文本群M6.1：后二者各涵盖多部独立文本与更宽的人物/情境组；高于Shakespeare喜剧文本M5.7及Stravinsky单一完整歌剧M5.5，因为本项是一部覆盖人生历程的长篇叙事世界。M5.8/6.2为范围敏感性，不以‘最早小说’、展览声望、翻译数量或日本文学地位反推。
attribution rationaleBibliographic authorship relations and work-level evidence support Murasaki Shikibu’s responsibility for the conception, selection, transformation, and textual organization of the complete novel; the material read identifies no material original co-author. The specific literary prehistory retains 0.18 and the author receives 0.82. This proportion is a revisable research judgment relative to current literary-prehistory anchors, not a percentage directly reported by historical sources. Court society and language are subjects the author treated, not proven independent makers; the absence of an autograph and differences among later manuscripts limit certainty about wording and chapter history, but do not reduce attribution. Later reception, copying, painting, translation, and teaching remain excluded.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
书目作者关系和作品级证据支持紫式部承担整部长篇的构思、选择、转化与文本组织；所读资料未识别实质原作共同作者。保留具体文学前史0.18，作者0.82。该比例是与现行文学前史锚比较的可修订研究判断，不是史料直接给出的百分比。宫廷社会和语言是作者处理的题材，未证明独立形成者；无直笔和后世传本差异限制字句及章节历史的确定度，不构成归功扣减。后世接受、抄传、绘画、翻译和教学继续排除。
overlap boundaryThe complete book is counted once only: characters, chapters, poetic passages, and local psychological description all belong to the same Q. The Diary of Murasaki Shikibu remains on an independent HOLD. Later copying, commentary, modern transcription, painting, translation, and adaptation are not part of this item’s authorial formation and do not automatically become separate personal outcomes for Murasaki.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
全书只计一次；人物、章节、诗歌段和局部心理描写都属于同一Q。《紫式部日记》维持独立HOLD。后世的抄传、批注、现代转写、绘画、翻译和改编不构成本项的作者形成，也不自动另计为紫式部个人成果。
Evidence gapsChapter-by-chapter textual history and the exact surviving wording have not been exhausted; the independent functions of the Diary and other works have not been verified. This item adopts only the boundary of the complete work; uncovered material is not zero.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
逐章文本史和精确存世字句仍未穷尽；日记及其他作品的独立功能未核。本项只采用整部作品边界，未覆盖不等于零。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.82Murasaki ShikibuOriginal Chinese · 紫式部Person
- 0.18Monogatari oral narrative, waka, and specific Chinese-poetic-allusion prehistory poolOriginal Chinese · 物语口述叙事、和歌及具体中国诗歌典故前史池Predecessor pool
Source links
- Columbia University: The Tale of Genji ↗ · The work’s life-course, courtly-relationship, and psychological-narrative boundaries. Limits: Does not support authorship of every chapter, exact shares, the first novel, or the magnitude of later impact.Original Chinese note · 整部作品的人生历程、宫廷关系和心理叙事边界。 限制：不支持全部章节作者状态、精确份额、最早小说或后世影响量级。
- National Diet Library: Murasaki Shikibu authority record ↗ · The existing SL-0210 identity and bibliographic authorship relations for The Tale of Genji and the Diary. Limits: Does not support complete textual history, passage-level attribution, M/a, or the value of later reception.Original Chinese note · 现有SL-0210身份及《源氏物语》《紫式部日记》的书目作者关系。 限制：不支持完整文本史、逐段归属、M/a或后世接受价值。
- National Diet Library: Murasaki autograph reference ↗ · The textual-transmission limitation and the boundary against treating later manuscripts as the author’s direct production. Limits: Does not negate the authorship relation or prove any particular passage was rewritten.Original Chinese note · 文本传承限制与不得把后世写本当作者直接生产的边界。 限制：不否定作者关系，也不证明任何具体段落被改写。
- NIHU: Genji commentary and digitization ↗ · Commentary, transcription, and digital reading are later research or readability work, not automatically Murasaki’s original formation. Limits: They provide no original-author list, share, independent Diary function, or literary M.Original Chinese note · 批注、转写和数字识读是后世研究/可读性劳动，不自动构成紫式部原作形成。 限制：不提供原作成稿者名单、比例、独立日记功能或文学M。
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art: A Japanese Classic Illuminated ↗ · The original work can be distinguished from later painting and artistic traditions it inspired; the latter are not original-author formation shares. Limits: An exhibition, psychological-novel label, or scale of artistic tradition does not set M/a directly.Original Chinese note · 原作与受其启发的后世绘画/艺术传统可区分；后者不是作者原作形成份额。 限制：不支持用展览、心理小说称号或艺术传统规模直接确定M/a。
- Harvard / Met: Heian Court Culture and the Transmission of the Tale ↗ · Supports specific literary prehistory and distinguishes Murasaki’s composition from contemporary and later copying and manuscript transmission. Limits: Identifies no co-author and supplies neither M nor attribution percentages.Original Chinese note · 支持具体文学前史，并区分紫式部创作与同时代及后世抄写、传本。限制：不识别共同作者，不直接提供M或归功比例。
- Cambridge University Press: Murasaki Shikibu, The Tale of Genji ↗ · Supports treating cultural context as descriptive and separating later textual production from original authorship. Limits: Does not support a context share, an unknown original co-author, or a confidence discount, and supplies neither M nor attribution percentages.Original Chinese note · 支持把文化语境作为描述、把后世文本生产与原作作者身份分开。限制：不支持语境份额、未知原作合作者或置信折扣，不直接提供M或归功比例。
BOUNDARIES NOT COUNTED
Not included in this score
These subjects are recorded as exclusions and are not silently treated as zero or as part of the included outcomes.
Independent function of the Diary of Murasaki Shikibu pending evidence
《紫式部日记》独立功能待证
Reason Separate bibliographic listing does not establish an independently verified endpoint. Textual evidence and evidence for its independent documentary or self-narrative function are still needed; it may not reuse The Tale of Genji’s effects of courtly relationships and psychological narration. Deferral is not zero.
Original Chinese reason
书目单列不等于已核独立终端；尚需文本与独立记录/自我叙述功能证据，不复用《源氏物语》的宫廷关系与心理叙事效果。暂缓不是零。
Poetry and other attributed works
诗歌及其他归属作品
Reason Other works, specific authorship boundaries, and positive and negative career areas have not been exhausted. Authorship or reputation is not converted directly into contribution; uncovered material is not zero.
Original Chinese reason
其他作品、具体作者边界与正负生涯未穷尽，不将作品归属或声望直接换成贡献；未覆盖不等于零。
Later copying, commentary, painting, translation, and reception
后世传抄、批注、绘画、翻译及接受
Reason These are later formative and transmission labors and cannot automatically enter the original author’s budget. The lack of an autograph limits certainty about wording and chapter history; it does not prove an unknown original co-author and is not an attribution penalty for the author.
Original Chinese reason
这些是后续形成与传播劳动，不能自动归入原作者预算。无作者直笔本限制字句和章节历史确定度，不证明未知原作合作者，也不作为作者置信扣分。
How to read this score
Scores can change when evidence is reviewed. The method page explains how magnitude, attribution, and included results relate to the displayed score.
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