Displayed to two decimal places.
PERSON · STARLIGHT
Ludwig van Beethoven
Recorded name: 路德维希·凡·贝多芬
Ludwig van Beethoven created works spanning symphony, piano, chamber music, and vocal stage, pushing work scale, structural relationships, and performance roles to new combinations within the Viennese classical tradition.
Original Chinese introduction
路德维希·范·贝多芬创作了横跨交响、钢琴、室内乐与声乐舞台的作品，在维也纳古典传统中把作品规模、结构关系和演奏角色推向新的组合。
Performers, orchestras, singers, text authors, commissioners, publishers, and instrument makers jointly transformed his scores into audible, reproducible works. Later performances, teaching, and arrangements continue these works, but each has its own authorship and labor.
Original Chinese context
他的乐谱由演奏者、乐团、歌者、文本作者、委托人、出版者与制琴师共同转化为可听见、可复制的作品。后世的演出、教学和改编延续了这些作品，但各自具有独立作者与劳动。
Introduction sources
- Beethoven-Haus Bonn: work and genre archives ↗Original Chinese label · Beethoven-Haus Bonn：作品与体裁档案
- Library of Congress: Beethoven String Quartets ↗Original Chinese label · 美国国会图书馆：贝多芬弦乐四重奏
- Boston Symphony Orchestra: Nine Symphonies ↗Original Chinese label · 波士顿交响乐团：九部交响曲
Derived from the current score.
Contribution groups assessed so far; coverage is still being expanded.
ASSESSMENT SCOPEWhat this score covers
All included contribution titles and notes are available in English. The complete original text remains available in Chinese; both editions use the same scores and source links.
Uncovered contributions and unresolved harms are not treated as zero. This is not a complete assessment of a lifetime.
6 included contributions have incomplete evidence; the relevant gap appears with that contribution.
Original scope note
This round currently lists 6 limited research accounts; M and attribution shares are revisable judgments. Uncovered material and negative effects not yet established are not treated as zero; specific gaps are detailed item by item.
Original Chinese scope
本轮当前已列6项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。
CALCULATIONHow the score is calculated
Q = 10^(M/2) − 1; Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ; L = Σ Lᵢ; S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L).
M is an outcome’s assessed magnitude and a is the person’s allocated share. A standalone score is only a per-item reference; the attributed light from distinct contributions is what can be combined.
SCORE DETAILS
6 evaluated contributions
M is the assessed magnitude of an outcome; attribution is the person’s share of credit. Attributed light can be added. The standalone score is only a per-item reference and must not be added across rows.
Scroll sideways for scores and attribution.
| Outcome | M | Attribution share | Attributed light | Standalone score | Share of total | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01Nine symphonies and their orchestral works九部交响曲及其管弦乐作品终态OUT-SL0484-1800-1824-NINE-SYMPHONIES-ORCHESTRAL-CORPUS · 1800–1824 | 6.4 | 50% | 791.946596 | 5.80 | 28.2683% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
| 02Family of string quartets and bounded chamber-music works弦乐四重奏及有界室内乐作品家族OUT-SL0484-1792-1826-STRING-QUARTETS-AND-CHAMBER-CORPUS · 1792–1826 | 6.1 | 51% | 571.719412 | 5.52 | 20.4074% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
| 03Piano-sonata corpus across periods钢琴奏鸣曲的跨期作品语料OUT-SL0484-1795-1822-PIANO-SONATA-CORPUS · circa 1795–1822 | 6.0 | 53% | 529.470000 | 5.45 | 18.8993% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
| 04Soloist–orchestra delivery chain for piano, violin, and triple concertos钢琴、小提琴与三重协奏曲的独奏—乐团交付链OUT-SL0484-1795-1809-PIANO-VIOLIN-TRIPLE-CONCERTOS · 1795–1809 | 5.7 | 46% | 325.195061 | 5.03 | 11.6078% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
| 05*Fidelio*, *Missa solemnis*, and bounded vocal-stage works《Fidelio》《Missa solemnis》及有界声乐舞台作品OUT-SL0484-1803-1824-FIDELIO-MISSA-VOCAL-STAGE-SACRED · 1803–1824 | 5.7 | 42% | 296.917229 | 4.95 | 10.5984% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
| 06Independent piano variations and the Diabelli Variations独立钢琴变奏曲与Diabelli终态OUT-SL0484-1790-1823-INDEPENDENT-PIANO-VARIATION-CYCLES · circa 1790–1823 | 5.5 | 51% | 286.284076 | 4.92 | 10.2188% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
On small screens, scroll this table horizontally to reach every numeric column.
NOTES AND SOURCES
Contribution notes and source links
English translations of the included notes appear below, with their Chinese originals available for comparison.
01Nine symphonies and their orchestral works九部交响曲及其管弦乐作品终态OUT-SL0484-1800-1824-NINE-SYMPHONIES-ORCHESTRAL-CORPUS
Record year1800–1824
summaryNine symphonies and a bounded orchestral corpus; the choral finale of the Ninth remains counted in the symphony work family, rather than again in the vocal-work family.
Original Chinese · summary
九部交响与有界管弦语料；第九合唱终章留母族。
M rationaleAcross nine works, sustained development of motifs, long-range form, orchestration, and orchestral expression produces a globally significant symphonic capability, estimated at M6.4.
Original Chinese · M rationale
跨九部作品持续扩展动机发展、长程形式、配器与管弦表达，形成全球重大交响能力，中心取M6.4。
attribution rationaleThe composer is central; earlier symphonic traditions and orchestral realization together account for half.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
作曲核心，前史与乐团声音实现占一半。
overlap boundaryLater contributions from conducting, performance, recording interpretation, and production are explicitly excluded.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
后继指挥、演奏、录音诠释与制作增量明确排除。
Evidence gapsEvidence is lacking to establish score-by-score attribution and the division of conducting and rehearsal labor.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
逐谱、指挥与排练分工。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.50BeethovenOriginal Chinese · 贝多芬Person
- 0.20Classical symphonic traditionOriginal Chinese · 古典交响前史Predecessor pool
- 0.13Premiere orchestra and rehearsalsOriginal Chinese · 首演乐团与排练Team
- 0.07Score copying and publicationOriginal Chinese · 抄谱出版Team
- 0.05Commissioning and institutionsOriginal Chinese · 委约与机构Institution
- 0.05UnresolvedOriginal Chinese · 未解析Unallocated
Source links
- Beethoven-Haus symphonies ↗Original Chinese label · Beethoven-Haus交响
02Family of string quartets and bounded chamber-music works弦乐四重奏及有界室内乐作品家族OUT-SL0484-1792-1826-STRING-QUARTETS-AND-CHAMBER-CORPUS
Record year1792–1826
summary16 string quartets and a bounded chamber-music corpus.
Original Chinese · summary
16首四重奏与有界室内乐终态。
M rationaleAcross periods, changes the dialogue, counterpoint, and long-range form of four instruments, producing an M6 major chamber-music capability.
Original Chinese · M rationale
跨期改变四件乐器对话、复调与长程形式，形成M6重大室内能力。
attribution rationaleThe composer’s share is slightly higher than for the symphonies; performer feedback and earlier chamber-music tradition are retained.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
作者略高于交响；演奏者反馈与体裁前史保留。
overlap boundaryLater ensemble performances and recording contributions are excluded.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
后继重奏演奏与录音增量排除。
Evidence gapsNon-quartet chamber music, revisions, and feedback remain to be assessed.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
非四重奏室内乐、改稿与反馈。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.51BeethovenOriginal Chinese · 贝多芬Person
- 0.20Classical chamber-music traditionOriginal Chinese · 古典室内乐前史Predecessor pool
- 0.12Schuppanzigh and other performersOriginal Chinese · Schuppanzigh等演奏者Team
- 0.06Commissioning and patronageOriginal Chinese · 委托赞助Team
- 0.06Publication and copyistsOriginal Chinese · 出版抄写Team
- 0.02InstitutionsOriginal Chinese · 机构Institution
- 0.03UnresolvedOriginal Chinese · 未解析Unallocated
Source links
03Piano-sonata corpus across periods钢琴奏鸣曲的跨期作品语料OUT-SL0484-1795-1822-PIANO-SONATA-CORPUS
Record yearcirca 1795–1822
Original Chinese · record year
约1795–1822
summaryBounded corpus of 32 sonatas with opus numbers and early sonatas without opus numbers.
Original Chinese · summary
32首有作品号及早期无作品号奏鸣曲的有界语料。
M rationaleThe solo repertoire across periods establishes globally significant formal, technical, and expressive capabilities.
Original Chinese · M rationale
跨期独奏语料形成全球重大形式、技术与表达能力。
attribution rationaleThe composer’s finished scores are central, while sonata tradition and piano technique are retained.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
作者终稿集中，奏鸣前史和钢琴技术保留。
overlap boundaryInternal variations remain with their parent works; later interpretations by Gould, Rubinstein, and others, and recording production, are explicitly excluded.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
内部变奏随母项；Gould/Rubinstein等后继诠释和录音制作明确排除。
Evidence gapsRepresentative works, manuscripts, and piano technique remain to be assessed.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
代表作、手稿与钢琴技术。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.53BeethovenOriginal Chinese · 贝多芬Person
- 0.20Classical sonata traditionOriginal Chinese · 古典奏鸣前史Predecessor pool
- 0.07Piano making and tuningOriginal Chinese · 制琴与调律Team
- 0.06Early performance and studentsOriginal Chinese · 早期演奏与学生Team
- 0.07Score copying and publicationOriginal Chinese · 抄谱出版Team
- 0.03InstitutionsOriginal Chinese · 机构Institution
- 0.04UnresolvedOriginal Chinese · 未解析Unallocated
Source links
04Soloist–orchestra delivery chain for piano, violin, and triple concertos钢琴、小提琴与三重协奏曲的独奏—乐团交付链OUT-SL0484-1795-1809-PIANO-VIOLIN-TRIPLE-CONCERTOS
Record year1795–1809
summaryA bounded body of soloist–orchestra works.
Original Chinese · summary
有界独奏—乐团终态。
M rationaleMultiple soloist configurations form an important delivery chain, smaller in scale than the symphonies and sonatas.
Original Chinese · M rationale
多种独奏配置形成重要交付链，规模低于交响与奏鸣。
attribution rationaleThe composer’s own early performances are within his personal share, while other soloists and the orchestra are retained.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
本人早期演奏在个人份额内，其他独奏者与乐团保留。
overlap boundaryLater soloists’ interpretations and recording contributions are excluded.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
后继独奏家诠释和录音增量排除。
Evidence gapsComparative analysis and premiere archives are still needed.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
比较分析与首演档案。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.46BeethovenOriginal Chinese · 贝多芬Person
- 0.20Classical concerto traditionOriginal Chinese · 古典协奏前史Predecessor pool
- 0.10Early soloistsOriginal Chinese · 早期独奏者Team
- 0.11Orchestra and rehearsalsOriginal Chinese · 乐团与排练Team
- 0.06Publication and cadenza transmissionOriginal Chinese · 出版与华彩传递Team
- 0.03Commissioning institutionsOriginal Chinese · 委托机构Institution
- 0.04UnresolvedOriginal Chinese · 未解析Unallocated
Source links
05*Fidelio*, *Missa solemnis*, and bounded vocal-stage works《Fidelio》《Missa solemnis》及有界声乐舞台作品OUT-SL0484-1803-1824-FIDELIO-MISSA-VOCAL-STAGE-SACRED
Record year1803–1824
summaryOpera, Mass settings, and major vocal works; the Ninth’s final movement is excluded.
Original Chinese · summary
歌剧、弥撒与主要声乐终态；第九终章排除。
M rationaleTwo large-scale works that can be reperformed form an important family of vocal, textual, and theatrical works, with less breadth than the Bach cycle.
Original Chinese · M rationale
两个大型可复演终态构成重要声乐文本剧场族，广度低于巴赫循环。
attribution rationaleTexts, singers, chorus, orchestra, and theater jointly deliver the works.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
文本、歌者、合唱、乐团和剧院共同交付。
overlap boundaryPolitical/religious subjects are not automatically counted as governance; subsequent performance recordings are excluded.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
政治/宗教题材不自动计治理；后继演出录音排除。
Evidence gapsThe three versions of *Fidelio* and the reception history of the *Missa solemnis* require review.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
Fidelio三版与Missa接受史。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.42BeethovenOriginal Chinese · 贝多芬Person
- 0.16Libretto and liturgical text authorsOriginal Chinese · 脚本与礼文作者Team
- 0.16Opera and Mass traditionsOriginal Chinese · 歌剧弥撒前史Predecessor pool
- 0.12Singers, chorus, and orchestraOriginal Chinese · 歌者合唱与乐团Team
- 0.06Commission and publicationOriginal Chinese · 委托出版Team
- 0.04Theater and church institutionsOriginal Chinese · 剧院教会机构Institution
- 0.04UnresolvedOriginal Chinese · 未解析Unallocated
Source links
- Beethoven-Haus chronology ↗Original Chinese label · Beethoven-Haus年表
06Independent piano variations and the Diabelli Variations独立钢琴变奏曲与Diabelli终态OUT-SL0484-1790-1823-INDEPENDENT-PIANO-VARIATION-CYCLES
Record yearcirca 1790–1823
Original Chinese · record year
约1790–1823
summaryIndependent variation works; variations within parent works are excluded.
Original Chinese · summary
独立变奏终态；母作品内部变奏排除。
M rationaleMultiple independent variation works form an important but concentrated work family; catalog numbers do not by themselves increase it to M6.
Original Chinese · M rationale
多个独立变奏终态形成重要但集中作品族；不因目录数到M6。
attribution rationaleSelf-created themes increase the composer’s authorship share; borrowed themes and earlier variation traditions are accounted for separately.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
自创主题提高作者性，外来主题与前史分账。
overlap boundaryVariations within parent works and later performances and recordings are excluded.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
母作品内部变奏和后继演奏录音排除。
Evidence gapsAnalysis of Op.34/35/120 and thematic attribution are still needed.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
Op.34/35/120分析与主题归属。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.51BeethovenOriginal Chinese · 贝多芬Person
- 0.21Variation and keyboard traditionsOriginal Chinese · 变奏与键盘前史Predecessor pool
- 0.08Authors of borrowed themesOriginal Chinese · 外来主题作者Predecessor pool
- 0.06Early performance and piano techniqueOriginal Chinese · 早期演奏与钢琴技术Team
- 0.07Publication, score copying, and commissioningOriginal Chinese · 出版抄谱委托Team
- 0.03InstitutionsOriginal Chinese · 机构Institution
- 0.04UnresolvedOriginal Chinese · 未解析Unallocated
Source links
BOUNDARIES NOT COUNTED
Not included in this score
These subjects are recorded as exclusions and are not silently treated as zero or as part of the included outcomes.
Songs, folk song arrangements, dances, puppet music, and miscellaneous short pieces
歌曲、民歌编配、舞曲、偶戏音乐与零散小品
Reason The catalog confirms these works exist, but current materials do not establish whether they constitute an independent major group beyond the six main families, and they cannot be aggregated by count.
Original Chinese reason
目录可确认这些作品存在，但当前材料未界定其是否构成超出六个主族的独立主要作品群，不能按数量累加。
Independent teaching system, improvisational career, and performance services
独立教学体系、即兴生涯与演奏服务
Reason Some piano performance is already accounted for in the concertos and piano works; no surviving teaching method or specific service delivery sufficient for separate listing has yet been established.
Original Chinese reason
部分钢琴演奏已体现在协奏曲和钢琴作品中；尚无足以单列的存世教学方法或具体服务交付。
Measure-by-measure technical analysis of representative works and premiere archives
代表作品的逐乐谱技术分析与首演档案
Reason Evidence exists for genres and work scope across six families, but motivic, orchestration, instrument relationships, and version revisions still require item-by-item verification through musical analysis and archives of representative works.
Original Chinese reason
六族已有体裁和作品范围证据，但动机、配器、乐器关系与版本修订仍需代表作品的音乐分析和档案逐项核对。
Later Romanticism and the history of performance, recording, arrangement, teaching, and commercial reception
后世浪漫主义、演出、录音、改编、教学与商业接受史
Reason Later composers, performers, institutions, and publishing/recording teams have independent contributions that cannot be collectively claimed by the original work's author.
Original Chinese reason
后世作曲家、表演者、机构和出版/录音团队具有独立贡献，不能由原作作者一并领取。
Specific premieres and textual division of labor in concertos and vocal stage works
协奏曲和声乐舞台作品的具体首演与文本分工
Reason The roles of Franz Clement, other soloists, orchestras, libretto revisers, singers, and theater personnel are retained in the attribution budget, but individual performances and versions have not yet been fully verified.
Original Chinese reason
Franz Clement、其他独奏者、乐团、脚本修订者、歌者和剧院人员的作用已保留预算，但个别场次和版本尚未完整核实。
How to read this score
Scores can change when evidence is reviewed. The method page explains how magnitude, attribution, and included results relate to the displayed score.
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