Displayed to two decimal places.
PERSON · STARLIGHT
Tung-Yen Lin
Recorded name: 林同炎
Tung-Yen Lin (1911—2003) was a structural engineer, engineering educator at the University of California, Berkeley, and researcher and advocate for prestressed concrete.
Original Chinese introduction
林同炎（Tung-Yen Lin，1911—2003）是结构工程师、加州大学伯克利分校工程教育者和预应力混凝土研究与推广者。
Tung-Yen Lin worked for many years on the design, teaching, and engineering dissemination of prestressed concrete, taught at the University of California, Berkeley, and founded an engineering firm. He participated in long-span bridge and large-span building-structure projects; related archival records cover cases including Moscone Center and the Caracas racetrack and also preserve material on unbuilt cross-sea proposals.
Original Chinese context
林同炎长期从事预应力混凝土的设计、教学和工程传播，曾在加州大学伯克利分校任教并创办工程事务所。他参与长跨桥梁和大跨建筑结构项目，相关档案记录涵盖Moscone Center、Caracas赛马场等案例，也保存了未建跨海方案的资料。
Introduction sources
- UC Berkeley: T. Y. Lin oral history ↗Original Chinese label · UC Berkeley：T. Y. Lin口述史
- UC Berkeley news archive: profile of a structural engineer ↗Original Chinese label · UC Berkeley新闻档案：结构工程师简介
- Online Archive of California: T. Y. Lin papers ↗Original Chinese label · 加州在线档案：T. Y. Lin papers
Derived from the current score.
Contribution groups assessed so far; coverage is still being expanded.
ASSESSMENT SCOPEWhat this score covers
All included contribution titles and notes are available in English. The complete original text remains available in Chinese; both editions use the same scores and source links.
Uncovered contributions and unresolved harms are not treated as zero. This is not a complete assessment of a lifetime.
3 included contributions have incomplete evidence; the relevant gap appears with that contribution.
Original scope note
This research record currently includes 3 outcomes within a limited scope; M and attribution shares are revisable judgments. Uncovered content and negative effects not yet clarified are not treated as zero; specific gaps appear in the item-by-item explanations.
Original Chinese scope
本轮当前已列3项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。
CALCULATIONHow the score is calculated
Q = 10^(M/2) − 1; Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ; L = Σ Lᵢ; S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L).
M is an outcome’s assessed magnitude and a is the person’s allocated share. A standalone score is only a per-item reference; the attributed light from distinct contributions is what can be combined.
SCORE DETAILS
3 evaluated contributions
M is the assessed magnitude of an outcome; attribution is the person’s share of credit. Attributed light can be added. The standalone score is only a per-item reference and must not be added across rows.
Scroll sideways for scores and attribution.
| Outcome | M | Attribution share | Attributed light | Standalone score | Share of total | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01Prestressed-concrete design simplification, engineering education, and dissemination in the United States预应力混凝土设计简化、工程教育与美国传播OUT-SL1050-1946-1976-PRESTRESSED-CONCRETE-DESIGN-METHOD-AND-DIFFUSION · 1946 | 6.0 | 30% | 299.700000 | 4.96 | 51.9405% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
| 02Portfolio of structural design and engineering delivery for long-span bridges长跨桥梁的结构设计与工程交付组合OUT-SL1050-1933-1990-LONG-SPAN-BRIDGE-ENGINEERING-PORTFOLIO · Year to be verified | 5.9 | 16% | 142.440150 | 4.31 | 24.6861% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
| 03Long-span building structures including the Caracas racetrack roof and Moscone CenterCaracas赛马场屋盖与Moscone Center等大跨建筑结构OUT-SL1050-1950S-1981-LARGE-SPAN-BUILDING-AND-ROOF-STRUCTURES · 1950s | 5.8 | 17% | 134.865800 | 4.27 | 23.3734% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
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NOTES AND SOURCES
Contribution notes and source links
English translations of the included notes appear below, with their Chinese originals available for comparison.
01Prestressed-concrete design simplification, engineering education, and dissemination in the United States预应力混凝土设计简化、工程教育与美国传播OUT-SL1050-1946-1976-PRESTRESSED-CONCRETE-DESIGN-METHOD-AND-DIFFUSION
Record year1946
summaryConverted complex prestressing design into analytical procedures easier to teach and adopt in engineering, and formed a United States dissemination node through Berkeley research, textbooks, and the 1957 conference.
Original Chinese · summary
把复杂预应力设计转化为更易教学和工程采用的分析程序，并通过伯克利研究、教材和1957会议形成美国传播节点。
M rationaleBerkeley, ACI, and oral-history catalogues consistently support the actual delivery of research, design simplification, teaching, and dissemination; M6.0 is assigned for a structural-engineering method family reusable across building types, without attributing all global diffusion to the individual.
Original Chinese · M rationale
伯克利、ACI和口述史目录一致支持研究、设计简化、教学与传播的实际交付；按跨建筑类型复用的结构工程方法族取M6.0，不将全球扩散全归个人。
attribution rationaleLin 0.30, Freyssinet 0.13, Berkeley team 0.17, standards/conference community 0.10, other prior work 0.13, Berkeley 0.06, unresolved 0.11.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
Lin0.30，Freyssinet0.13，伯克利团队0.17，标准/会议共同体0.10，其他前史0.13，伯克利0.06，未解析0.11。
overlap boundaryFrom 1946–1976, simplification of prestressed-concrete design procedures, research and teaching at Berkeley, textbooks, and conference dissemination; not credited with Freyssinet's invention, all United States standards, the materials industry, or use value separately counted through particular buildings.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
1946–1976在伯克利对预应力混凝土设计流程的简化、研究教学、教材与会议传播；不领取Freyssinet发明、美国全部规范、材料产业或由具体建筑另计的使用价值。
Evidence gapsThe full texts of key technical papers have not been read; specific formulae and the shares of co-researchers remain to be checked. The authors, editors, and case contributions in each edition of the textbooks have not yet been resolved item by item.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
未读关键技术论文全文，具体公式和共同研究者份额仍待核。；教材各版作者、编辑与案例贡献尚未逐项解析。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.3Tung-Yen LinOriginal Chinese · 林同炎Person
- 0.13Eugène FreyssinetOriginal Chinese · 欧仁·弗雷西内Person
- 0.17Berkeley prestressed-concrete faculty and student teamOriginal Chinese · 伯克利预应力混凝土师生团队Team
- 0.1ACI, PCI, and standards organizationsOriginal Chinese · ACI、PCI与标准组织Team
- 0.13Prior work in prestressed structural analysis and concreteOriginal Chinese · 预应力结构分析与混凝土前史Predecessor pool
- 0.06University of California, BerkeleyOriginal Chinese · 加州大学伯克利分校Institution
- 0.11Unresolved prestressing contributionsOriginal Chinese · 未解析的预应力贡献Unallocated
Source links
- Papers and institutional material: engineering.berkeley.edu ↗Original Chinese label · 论文与机构资料：engineering.berkeley.edu
- Papers and institutional material: digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu ↗Original Chinese label · 论文与机构资料：digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu
- Papers and institutional material: www.concrete.org ↗Original Chinese label · 论文与机构资料：www.concrete.org
- Papers and institutional material: ce.berkeley.edu ↗Original Chinese label · 论文与机构资料：ce.berkeley.edu
02Portfolio of structural design and engineering delivery for long-span bridges长跨桥梁的结构设计与工程交付组合OUT-SL1050-1933-1990-LONG-SPAN-BRIDGE-ENGINEERING-PORTFOLIO
Record yearYear to be verified
Original Chinese · record year
年份待核
summaryApplied prestressing and structural concepts to buildable, operable bridges across different sites and spans, forming an international engineering portfolio.
Original Chinese · summary
把预应力与结构概念应用于不同场地和跨径的可建、可运营桥梁，并形成跨国工程组合。
M rationaleBerkeley oral-history and College of Engineering catalogues list several named built bridges, sufficient to support a cross-site engineering portfolio rather than unbuilt concepts; M5.9 is assigned for the shared design outcome of multiple durable public-infrastructure works.
Original Chinese · M rationale
伯克利口述史目录与工程学院目录列出多座具名已建桥，足以支持跨场地工程组合而非未建概念；按多座耐久公共基础设施的共同设计终态取M5.9。
attribution rationaleLin 0.16, firm bridge team 0.24, construction/materials/site team 0.22, client institutions 0.10, prior work 0.14, local survey input 0.05, unresolved 0.09.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
Lin0.16，事务所桥梁团队0.24，施工/材料/现场团队0.22，业主机构0.10，前史0.14，当地调查输入0.05，未解析0.09。
overlap boundaryA portfolio of structural design and engineering delivery for several long-span bridges, from Chinese railway-bridge experience to completion by the T.Y. Lin team, including the catalogue-named Kuan Du, Rio Colorado, Hegenberger, Idaho, and others; excludes unbuilt Bering/Gibraltar proposals, all firm projects, and all benefits of transport systems.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
从中国铁路桥经验到T.Y. Lin团队完成的多座长跨桥的结构设计与工程交付组合，包括机构目录具名的Kuan Du、Rio Colorado、Hegenberger、Idaho等；排除未建白令/直布罗陀方案、事务所全部项目及交通系统全部收益。
Evidence gapsThe responsible engineers, contracts, co-designers, and acceptance records for each bridge have not been closed out individually. The community and ecological net consequences of the bridge portfolio have not been checked, so transport-economic spillovers are not counted.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
每座桥的责任工程师、合同、共同设计人和验收资料未逐座闭合。；桥梁组合的社区与生态净后果未核，故不计交通经济外溢。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.16Tung-Yen LinOriginal Chinese · 林同炎Person
- 0.24Tung-Yen Lin bridge design and engineering teamOriginal Chinese · 林同炎桥梁设计工程团队Team
- 0.22Bridge architecture, construction, and materials teamOriginal Chinese · 桥梁建筑施工材料团队Team
- 0.1Bridge clients and transport institutionsOriginal Chinese · 桥梁业主与交通机构Institution
- 0.14Prior work in prestressed, arch, and cable bridgesOriginal Chinese · 预应力、拱缆桥梁前史Predecessor pool
- 0.05Community survey and environmental-evidence teamOriginal Chinese · 社区调查与环境资料团队Team
- 0.09Unresolved bridge-engineering contributionsOriginal Chinese · 未解析的桥梁工程贡献Unallocated
Source links
- Papers and institutional material: digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu ↗Original Chinese label · 论文与机构资料：digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu
- Papers and institutional material: engineering.berkeley.edu ↗Original Chinese label · 论文与机构资料：engineering.berkeley.edu
- Papers and institutional material: ce.berkeley.edu ↗Original Chinese label · 论文与机构资料：ce.berkeley.edu
03Long-span building structures including the Caracas racetrack roof and Moscone CenterCaracas赛马场屋盖与Moscone Center等大跨建筑结构OUT-SL1050-1950S-1981-LARGE-SPAN-BUILDING-AND-ROOF-STRUCTURES
Record year1950s
Original Chinese · record year
1950年代
summaryConverted structural analysis and prestressing concepts into engineering for long-span, low-column spaces in different building types.
Original Chinese · summary
把结构分析与预应力理念转化为不同建筑类型中的大跨、少柱空间工程。
M rationaleMultiple Berkeley institutional pages consistently name the Caracas roof and Moscone arch structure, and describe the structural features of Moscone's large underground space; M5.8 is assigned for a portfolio of actually built deliveries across types.
Original Chinese · M rationale
伯克利多个机构页面一致具名Caracas屋盖与Moscone拱结构，并给出Moscone大型地下空间的结构特征；按跨类型实际建成交付组合取M5.8。
attribution rationaleLin 0.17, structural team 0.23, architecture/construction/materials team 0.27, client institutions 0.09, prior work 0.13, unresolved 0.11.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
Lin0.17，结构团队0.23，建筑/施工/材料团队0.27，业主机构0.09，前史0.13，未解析0.11。
overlap boundaryA portfolio of named long-span building structures from the 1950s to 1981, represented by the Caracas National Racetrack roof and the large underground space at Moscone Center supported by an approximately 300-foot arch; 1800 Pacific serves only as an early post-tensioning application clue and is not separately established without responsibility records, nor are building operations or urban economic benefits credited.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
1950年代至1981年具名大跨建筑结构组合，以Caracas国家赛马场屋盖、Moscone Center约300英尺拱支撑的大型地下空间为代表；1800 Pacific只作为早期后张应用线索，不在无责任档案时另立点，也不领取建筑运营和城市经济效益。
Evidence gapsContracts and lists of co-designers are lacking for each project, so the individual share is a conservative candidate. For 1800 Pacific, the responsible engineer appears only in company history, so it is not separately estimated.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
缺各工程合同与共同设计师名录，个人份额为保守候选。；1800 Pacific责任工程师只见公司历史，故未另估。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.17Tung-Yen LinOriginal Chinese · 林同炎Person
- 0.23Tung-Yen Lin building-structural engineering teamOriginal Chinese · 林同炎建筑结构工程团队Team
- 0.27Project architecture, construction, and materials teamOriginal Chinese · 项目建筑施工材料团队Team
- 0.09Building clients, city, and project institutionsOriginal Chinese · 建筑业主、城市与项目机构Institution
- 0.13Prior work in long-span roofs and prestressed structuresOriginal Chinese · 大跨屋盖与预应力结构前史Predecessor pool
- 0.11Unresolved long-span-building contributionsOriginal Chinese · 未解析的大跨建筑贡献Unallocated
Source links
- Papers and institutional material: engineering.berkeley.edu ↗Original Chinese label · 论文与机构资料：engineering.berkeley.edu
- Papers and institutional material: newsarchive.berkeley.edu ↗Original Chinese label · 论文与机构资料：newsarchive.berkeley.edu
- Papers and institutional material: ce.berkeley.edu ↗Original Chinese label · 论文与机构资料：ce.berkeley.edu
- Papers and institutional material: digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu ↗Original Chinese label · 论文与机构资料：digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu
BOUNDARIES NOT COUNTED
Not included in this score
These subjects are recorded as exclusions and are not silently treated as zero or as part of the included outcomes.
1800 Pacific post-tensioned prestressed lift-slab project
1800 Pacific后张预应力lift-slab项目
Reason Company history can substantiate the project's technical clue, but does not substantiate Lin's specific responsibility; it currently serves as early-application background for the long-span building family and does not duplicate M.
Original Chinese reason
公司历史可证项目技术线索，但未证Lin具体责任；当前作为大跨建筑族的早期应用背景，不另复制M。
Unbuilt Bering Strait and Gibraltar cross-sea proposals
白令海峡与直布罗陀未建跨海方案
Reason Archives substantiate that design projects existed and were not built, but current catalogues do not provide enough specific design delivery, review, or independent knowledge increment to evaluate; environmental, political, and community net boundaries are also not closed.
Original Chinese reason
档案证实有设计项目且未建，但现有目录未给足可评估的具体设计交付、审查或独立知识增量；环境、政治与社区净边界亦未闭合。
Founding and management of the T.Y. Lin firm
T.Y. Lin事务所创办与管理
Reason The fact of founding can be substantiated, but organizational service is mainly reflected through completed bridge and building deliveries; no separable independent institutional method has been found.
Original Chinese reason
创办事实可证，但组织服务主要通过已建桥梁和建筑交付体现，未发现可分的独立制度方法。
How to read this score
Scores can change when evidence is reviewed. The method page explains how magnitude, attribution, and included results relate to the displayed score.
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