Displayed to two decimal places.
PERSON · STARLIGHT
Tang Xianzu
Recorded name: 汤显祖
Tang Xianzu was a Late Ming dramatist and poet, and the author of The Peony Pavilion.
Original Chinese introduction
汤显祖是晚明戏曲家、诗人，《牡丹亭》的作者。
Tang Xianzu's chuanqi plays take love, dreams, and the contingencies of life as subjects, portraying conflicts between personal feeling, ritual norms, and worldly achievement. Completed in 1598, The Peony Pavilion is best known for Du Liniang's story and, together with The Purple Hairpin, The Dream under the Southern Bough, and The Handan Dream, is called the Four Dreams of Linchuan. These works circulated through printing and performance and became important plays in classical Chinese theatre.
Original Chinese context
汤显祖的传奇剧作以爱情、梦境与人生际遇为题材，表现个人情感与礼法、功名之间的冲突。1598年完成的《牡丹亭》以杜丽娘的故事最为人熟知，与《紫钗记》《南柯记》《邯郸记》合称“临川四梦”。这些作品经刊刻和舞台演出流传，成为中国古典戏曲的重要剧目。
Introduction sources
- Chinese University of Hong Kong: Tang Xianzu author page ↗Original Chinese label · 香港中文大学：汤显祖作者页
- University of Oxford college: The Peony Pavilion ↗Original Chinese label · 牛津大学学院：《牡丹亭》
- Indiana University Press: The Peony Pavilion, second edition ↗Original Chinese label · 印第安纳大学出版社：《牡丹亭》第二版
Derived from the current score.
Contribution groups assessed so far; coverage is still being expanded.
ASSESSMENT SCOPEWhat this score covers
All included contribution titles and notes are available in English. The complete original text remains available in Chinese; both editions use the same scores and source links.
Uncovered contributions and unresolved harms are not treated as zero. This is not a complete assessment of a lifetime.
2 included contributions have incomplete evidence; the relevant gap appears with that contribution.
Original scope note
This research record currently includes 2 outcomes within a limited scope; M and attribution shares are revisable judgments. Uncovered content and negative effects not yet clarified are not treated as zero; specific gaps appear in the item-by-item explanations.
Original Chinese scope
本轮当前已列2项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。
CALCULATIONHow the score is calculated
Q = 10^(M/2) − 1; Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ; L = Σ Lᵢ; S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L).
M is an outcome’s assessed magnitude and a is the person’s allocated share. A standalone score is only a per-item reference; the attributed light from distinct contributions is what can be combined.
SCORE DETAILS
2 evaluated contributions
M is the assessed magnitude of an outcome; attribution is the person’s share of credit. Attributed light can be added. The standalone score is only a per-item reference and must not be added across rows.
Scroll sideways for scores and attribution.
| Outcome | M | Attribution share | Attributed light | Standalone score | Share of total | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01The long-form chuanqi text and dramatic structure of 'The Peony Pavilion'.《牡丹亭》的长篇传奇文本与戏剧结构OUT-SL2072-1598-PEONY-PAVILION-DRAMATIC-TEXT · 1598 | 6.0 | 42% | 419.580000 | 5.25 | 59.7387% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
| 02A family of dream-play works including 'The Purple Hairpin', 'A Dream of Nanke', and 'A Dream of Handan'《紫钗记》《南柯记》《邯郸记》等梦剧作品族OUT-SL2072-1577-1601-OTHER-LINCHUAN-DREAM-PLAYS · Late Ming | 5.7 | 40% | 282.778314 | 4.91 | 40.2613% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
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NOTES AND SOURCES
Contribution notes and source links
English translations of the included notes appear below, with their Chinese originals available for comparison.
01The long-form chuanqi text and dramatic structure of 'The Peony Pavilion'.《牡丹亭》的长篇传奇文本与戏剧结构OUT-SL2072-1598-PEONY-PAVILION-DRAMATIC-TEXT
Record year1598
summaryIt restructures an existing story into a long-form composite drama using chuanqi form, presenting the conflict between personal emotion and ritual constraints through lyrics, symbolism, dreams, and resurrection plot elements.
Original Chinese · summary
把既有故事与传奇形式重构为长篇复合戏剧，以曲词、象征、梦与还魂情节集中呈现个人情感和礼法约束的冲突。
M rationaleUniversity and university press sources support the 1598 text, the chuanqi tradition, prior adaptations, and specific philosophical tensions. Based on independent text scale, dramatic structure, and long-term performability, a magnitude of M6.0 is assigned; 'qing' (emotion) is part of the work's value, not a separate philosophical point.
Original Chinese · M rationale
大学及大学出版社资料支持1598文本、传奇传统、前身改写和具体思想张力。按独立文本规模、戏剧结构和长期可传演性取M6.0；“情”是作品价值的一部分，不另立哲学点。
attribution rationaleTang Xianzu .42; story/opera antecedents .20; early performance and textual transmission .14; institutions .06; unresolved .18.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
汤显祖 .42；故事/戏曲前史 .20；早期演出与文本传递 .14；机构 .06；未解析 .18。
overlap boundaryThe lyrics, characters, dream-and-life/death structure, and dramatic expression of the tension between qing and ritual constraints in the 1598 Peony Pavilion script; counts only the author's text and its early performable outcome, not the source story, later director or actor versions, or all Kunqu dissemination.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
1598《牡丹亭》剧本文本的曲词、人物、梦/生死结构及对“情”与礼法张力的戏剧表达；只计作者文本与早期可传演终态，不领取前身故事、后世导演/演员版本或所有昆曲传播。
Evidence gapsEarly versions, musical scores, and the premiere chain are unresolved; the philosophical increment in the text still mainly relies on the work's introduction, without sampling each act.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
早期版本、曲谱与首演链未闭合。；文本中思想增量仍主要依赖作品导论，未逐折抽样。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.42Tang XianzuOriginal Chinese · 汤显祖Person
- 0.2The Peony Pavilion story and chuanqi precursorsOriginal Chinese · 《牡丹亭》故事与传奇前驱Predecessor pool
- 0.14The Peony Pavilion early-performance and textual-transmission teamOriginal Chinese · 《牡丹亭》早期演出与文本传递团队Team
- 0.06Late Ming printing and theatre institutionsOriginal Chinese · 晚明刊刻与戏曲机构Institution
- 0.18Unallocated The Peony Pavilion contributionsOriginal Chinese · 未分配的《牡丹亭》贡献Unallocated
Source links
- Primary works and scholarly materials: www.cuhk.edu.hk ↗Original Chinese label · 原作与学术资料：www.cuhk.edu.hk
- Primary works and scholarly materials: www.univ.ox.ac.uk ↗Original Chinese label · 原作与学术资料：www.univ.ox.ac.uk
- Primary works and scholarly materials: iupress.org ↗Original Chinese label · 原作与学术资料：iupress.org
- Primary works and scholarly materials: bdcl.nccu.edu.tw ↗Original Chinese label · 原作与学术资料：bdcl.nccu.edu.tw
02A family of dream-play works including 'The Purple Hairpin', 'A Dream of Nanke', and 'A Dream of Handan'《紫钗记》《南柯记》《邯郸记》等梦剧作品族OUT-SL2072-1577-1601-OTHER-LINCHUAN-DREAM-PLAYS
Record yearLate Ming
Original Chinese · record year
晚明
summaryReconstructs stories into performable chuanqi texts across themes of different dreams, love, official careers, and awakening, expanding its dramatic corpus rather than repeating the same plot value of 'The Peony Pavilion'.
Original Chinese · summary
在不同梦境、爱情、仕途与醒悟题材中重构故事为可传演传奇文本，扩展其戏剧语料而非重复《牡丹亭》的同一情节价值。
M rationaleThe Bloomsbury complete dramatic works catalogue confirms 'The Purple Flute/Purple Hairpin', 'Nanke', and 'Handan' as major plays, with a Hong Kong Baptist University thesis abstract providing a work-level verification of the dramatic and philosophical content of 'A Dream of Nanke'. Based on mutually exclusive dramatic corpus as a whole, M5.7 is taken, not summed by number of plays.
Original Chinese · M rationale
Bloomsbury完整戏剧作品目录确认《紫箫/紫钗》《南柯》《邯郸》与《牡丹亭》是主要剧作，香港浸会论文摘要对《南柯梦》的戏剧性与思想内容提供一项作品级核查。按互斥作品语料整体取M5.7，不按部数相加。
attribution rationaleTang Xianzu .40; story/drama antecedents .24; early performance, publication, and transmission .13; institutions .05; unresolved .18.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
汤显祖 .40；故事/戏曲前史 .24；早期演出刊刻传递 .13；机构 .05；未解析 .18。
overlap boundaryThe family of Linchuan dream-play texts, primarily consisting of 'The Purple Hairpin', 'A Dream of Nanke', and 'A Dream of Handan', excluding 'The Peony Pavilion'; merged by dramatic corpus of different stories, not by replicating M for each play at the same tier, and excluding 'The Peony Pavilion' or poetry and prose.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
除《牡丹亭》外，以《紫钗记》《南柯记》《邯郸记》为主的临川梦剧文本族；按不同故事的剧作语料合并，不按每部同档复制M，也不含《牡丹亭》或诗文。
Evidence gapsThe original texts, story sources, and textual revisions of the three plays have not yet been sampled on a per-play basis; the specific revisions and residual elements from 'The Purple Flute' to 'The Purple Hairpin' have not been fully resolved.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
三剧的原文、故事来源和版本修订尚未逐部抽样。；《紫箫记》到《紫钗记》的具体修订残余未完全解析。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.4Tang XianzuOriginal Chinese · 汤显祖Person
- 0.24Precursors in Tang Xianzu's other plays' stories and dramaOriginal Chinese · 汤显祖其他剧作故事与戏曲前驱Predecessor pool
- 0.13Early performance, print, and transmission team for Tang Xianzu's other playsOriginal Chinese · 汤显祖其他剧作早期演出刊刻传递团队Team
- 0.05Late Ming drama-publishing institutionsOriginal Chinese · 晚明戏曲出版机构Institution
- 0.18Unallocated contributions to Tang Xianzu's other playsOriginal Chinese · 未分配的汤显祖其他剧作贡献Unallocated
Source links
- Primary works and scholarly materials: www.bloomsbury.com ↗Original Chinese label · 原作与学术资料：www.bloomsbury.com
- Primary works and scholarly materials: ejournals.lib.hkbu.edu.hk ↗Original Chinese label · 原作与学术资料：ejournals.lib.hkbu.edu.hk
BOUNDARIES NOT COUNTED
Not included in this score
These subjects are recorded as exclusions and are not silently treated as zero or as part of the included outcomes.
Candidate independent theory of qing and dramatic thought
“情”与戏曲思想的独立理论候选
Reason Current evidence chiefly explains the tension between feeling (qing) and normative principle (li) through The Peony Pavilion text and does not establish an independent methodological text; intellectual value is already included in the work outcome, avoiding double counting of work and theory.
Original Chinese reason
现有证据主要从《牡丹亭》文本解释“情—理”张力，未证明独立方法文本；思想价值由作品点消费，避免作品/理论双计。
Poetry, prose, prefaces, postscripts, and official writings
诗文、序跋与仕宦文本
Reason This round has not obtained primary works/catalogues sufficient to define a principal corpus, independent end state, and joint publication chain; biography or the existence of a bibliography does not fill out points.
Original Chinese reason
本轮未取得足以界定主要语料、独立终态和共同出版链的原作/目录；不以生平或书目存在凑点。
How to read this score
Scores can change when evidence is reviewed. The method page explains how magnitude, attribution, and included results relate to the displayed score.
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