Displayed to two decimal places.
PERSON · STARLIGHT
Giambattista della Porta
Recorded name: 吉安巴蒂斯塔·德拉·波尔塔
Giambattista della Porta was a Neapolitan author of natural philosophy, compiler of experimental arts, and playwright.
Original Chinese introduction
吉安巴蒂斯塔·德拉·波尔塔是那不勒斯的自然哲学作者、实验技艺编纂者和剧作家。
In the late sixteenth century, he published works on natural magic, optics, ciphers, and drama, drawing on craft knowledge, academy exchange, and printing networks.
Original Chinese context
他在十六世纪晚期出版自然魔法、光学、密码与戏剧作品，依托工匠知识、学院交流和印刷网络。
Introduction sources
- Public research source: plato.stanford.edu ↗Original Chinese label · 公开研究来源：plato.stanford.edu
- Public research source: collections.si.edu ↗Original Chinese label · 公开研究来源：collections.si.edu
Derived from the current score.
Contribution groups assessed so far; coverage is still being expanded.
ASSESSMENT SCOPEWhat this score covers
All included contribution titles and notes are available in English. The complete original text remains available in Chinese; both editions use the same scores and source links.
Uncovered contributions and unresolved harms are not treated as zero. This is not a complete assessment of a lifetime.
4 included contributions have incomplete evidence; the relevant gap appears with that contribution.
Original scope note
This research record currently includes 4 outcomes within a limited scope; M and attribution shares are revisable judgments. Uncovered content and negative effects not yet clarified are not treated as zero; specific gaps appear in the item-by-item explanations.
Original Chinese scope
本轮当前已列4项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。
CALCULATIONHow the score is calculated
Q = 10^(M/2) − 1; Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ; L = Σ Lᵢ; S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L).
M is an outcome’s assessed magnitude and a is the person’s allocated share. A standalone score is only a per-item reference; the attributed light from distinct contributions is what can be combined.
SCORE DETAILS
4 evaluated contributions
M is the assessed magnitude of an outcome; attribution is the person’s share of credit. Attributed light can be added. The standalone score is only a per-item reference and must not be added across rows.
Scroll sideways for scores and attribution.
| Outcome | M | Attribution share | Attributed light | Standalone score | Share of total | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01The lens camera obscura account and the optical system of De refractione透镜暗箱说明与《折射》光学体系OUT-SL2482-1589-1593-LENS-CAMERA-OBSCURA-AND-REFRACTION-OPTICS · 1589 | 5.6 | 31% | 195.286777 | 4.59 | 27.2048% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
| 02A portfolio of comedy, tragedy, and stage texts喜剧、悲剧与舞台文本作品族OUT-SL2482-1589-1615-COMEDY-TRAGEDY-DRAMATIC-CORPUS · 1589 | 5.3 | 43% | 191.643945 | 4.57 | 26.6973% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
| 03The cipher-design and decipherment-method text De furtivis literarum notis《论秘密文字》的密码设计与破译方法文本OUT-SL2482-1563-1602-CRYPTography-AND-DECIPHERING-TEXTS · 1563 | 5.5 | 34% | 190.856051 | 4.57 | 26.5876% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
| 04The natural arts and experimental-secrets compendium Magia naturalis《自然魔法》的自然技艺与实验性秘密汇编OUT-SL2482-1558-1589-MAGIA-NATURALIS-COMPENDIUM · 1558 | 5.4 | 28% | 140.052425 | 4.30 | 19.5103% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
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NOTES AND SOURCES
Contribution notes and source links
English translations of the included notes appear below, with their Chinese originals available for comparison.
01The lens camera obscura account and the optical system of De refractione透镜暗箱说明与《折射》光学体系OUT-SL2482-1589-1593-LENS-CAMERA-OBSCURA-AND-REFRACTION-OPTICS
Record year1589
summaryThe lens camera obscura account and the optical system of De refractione. A detailed account of a lens camera obscura.
Original Chinese · summary
透镜暗箱说明与《折射》光学体系。带透镜暗箱的详细说明。
M rationaleThe Smithsonian supports a detailed account of the lens camera obscura, and BSB supports the completed 1593 nine-book optical work; M5.6 is assigned to a bounded technical text without asserting priority.
Original Chinese · M rationale
Smithsonian支持透镜暗箱的详细说明，BSB支持1593九卷光学著作终态；在未断言优先权的情况下按有界技术文本取M5.6。
attribution rationaleAttribution budget: Porta 0.31, prior work in optics 0.25, instrument and academy contributions 0.16, publication 0.07, contemporaneous practice 0.05, unresolved 0.16.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
Porta0.31，光学前史0.25，器物与学院贡献0.16，出版0.07，同代实践0.05，未解析0.16。
overlap boundaryA detailed written account of the lens camera obscura in 1589 and the nine-book optical work De refractione of 1593; it does not claim invention of the camera obscura, photography, the telescope, or all modern optics, and the same chapter in Magia is consumed only as a source for this entry and is not counted again for technical value.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
1589透镜暗箱的详细书面说明与1593九卷《折射》光学著作；不声称发明暗箱、摄影、望远镜或全部现代光学，Magia中相同章节只作为本点来源不再计技术值。
Evidence gapsDe refractione and optical literature predating Della Porta require chapter-by-chapter comparison.; The makers of the camera-obscura apparatus and specific experimental reproductions have not been verified.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
需要逐章比对De refractione与Della Porta之前的光学文献。；暗箱装置的制造者和具体实验复现未核。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.31Giambattista della PortaOriginal Chinese · 吉安巴蒂斯塔·德拉·波尔塔Person
- 0.25Prior work on camera obscura, lenses, vision, and theories of refractionOriginal Chinese · 暗箱、透镜、视觉与折射理论前史Predecessor pool
- 0.16Team contributing instrument making, observation, and materialsOriginal Chinese · 器物制作、观察和材料输入团队Team
- 0.07Printer-publisher of De refractioneOriginal Chinese · 《折射论》印刷出版者Institution
- 0.05Contemporary optical researchers and practitionersOriginal Chinese · 同期光学研究者与实践者Team
- 0.16Unresolved contributions to optical propositions and instrumentsOriginal Chinese · 未解析的光学命题与器物贡献Unallocated
Source links
- Public research source: collections.si.edu ↗Original Chinese label · 公开研究来源：collections.si.edu
- Public research source: www.digitale-sammlungen.de ↗Original Chinese label · 公开研究来源：www.digitale-sammlungen.de
02A portfolio of comedy, tragedy, and stage texts喜剧、悲剧与舞台文本作品族OUT-SL2482-1589-1615-COMEDY-TRAGEDY-DRAMATIC-CORPUS
Record year1589
summaryA portfolio of comedy, tragedy, and stage texts. Fourteen comedies, three tragedies/tragicomedies, and some publication, performance, and genre inputs.
Original Chinese · summary
喜剧、悲剧与舞台文本作品族。十四部喜剧、三部悲剧/悲喜剧及部分出版演出和类型输入。
M rationaleTreccani's genealogy of the works supports the outcome of fourteen comedies, three tragedies, and some publication/performance; the innovation rests on substantial genre prior work, and M5.3 is assigned to a cross-work artistic family.
Original Chinese · M rationale
Treccani的作品谱系支持十四部喜剧、三部悲剧及部分出版/演出终态；创新建立在强类型前史上，按跨作品艺术母族取M5.3。
attribution rationaleAttribution budget: Porta 0.43, actors and stage 0.14, genre prior work 0.23, publication 0.07, patronage and exchange 0.04, unresolved 0.09.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
Porta0.43，演员舞台0.14，类型前史0.23，出版0.07，赞助交流0.04，未解析0.09。
overlap boundaryAn exclusive work family of fourteen surviving comedies and three tragedies/tragicomedies from approximately 1589–1615, represented by named texts and performance traces including Olimpia, Penelope, and Fantesca; do not duplicate M title by title, and do not include performative expression in the scientific writings.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
约1589–1615传世十四部喜剧及三部悲剧/悲喜剧的互斥作品母族，以Olimpia、Penelope、Fantesca等具名文本和演出线索为代表；不按剧名逐项复制M，也不含科学著作的表演性表达。
Evidence gapsEditions, premieres, and specific actors/troupes have not been verified play by play.; Boundaries of some surviving attributions and lost texts still require textual criticism against work catalogues.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
未逐剧核对版本、首演和具体演员/剧团。；部分传世归属与失佚文本边界仍需作品目录校勘。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.43Giambattista della PortaOriginal Chinese · 吉安巴蒂斯塔·德拉·波尔塔Person
- 0.14Team for first and contemporaneous performances, role realization, and stage feedbackOriginal Chinese · 首次及同代演出、角色实现和舞台反馈团队Team
- 0.23Prior work on plots, genres, characters, and performance vocabularyOriginal Chinese · 情节、类型、角色和表演语汇前史Predecessor pool
- 0.07Early modern printer-publishersOriginal Chinese · 近代早期印刷出版者Institution
- 0.04Team constituting the environment of patronage, exchange, and contemporaneous circulationOriginal Chinese · 委托、交流和同代传播环境团队Team
- 0.09Unresolved contributions by performers, adaptation sources, and production personnelOriginal Chinese · 未解析的剧演出、改编来源和制作人员贡献Unallocated
Source links
- Public research source: www.treccani.it ↗Original Chinese label · 公开研究来源：www.treccani.it
- Public research source: plato.stanford.edu ↗Original Chinese label · 公开研究来源：plato.stanford.edu
03The cipher-design and decipherment-method text De furtivis literarum notis《论秘密文字》的密码设计与破译方法文本OUT-SL2482-1563-1602-CRYPTography-AND-DECIPHERING-TEXTS
Record year1563
summaryThe cipher-design and decipherment-method text De furtivis literarum notis. The outcome of a 1563 four-book cipher treatise, illustrations, and volvelles.
Original Chinese · summary
《论秘密文字》的密码设计与破译方法文本。1563四卷密码专著、插图与volvelles终态。
M rationaleNewberry substantiates the four-book cipher treatise, while SEP supports its detailed account of decipherment; Friedman research also shows that its early problem-solving attempts had flaws and that historiography revises the account of Bellaso's priority. M5.5 is assigned on this combined basis.
Original Chinese · M rationale
Newberry可证四卷密码专著，SEP支持详细破译说明；Friedman研究又表明其早期解题尝试有缺陷，且学术史纠正Bellaso优先权。综合取M5.5。
attribution rationaleAttribution budget: Porta 0.34, cipher prior work 0.27, practitioners 0.11, publication 0.07, production 0.04, unresolved 0.17.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
Porta0.34，密码前史0.27，实践者0.11，出版0.07，制作0.04，未解析0.17。
overlap boundaryThe technical textual outcome of the 1563 four-book De furtivis and subsequent discussions of decipherment; count its residual systematic explanation of encryption and decipherment, and do not attribute Bellaso's earlier reciprocal table or all modern cryptography to Porta; the secret-writing chapter in Magia is consumed by this entry.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
1563四卷De furtivis及后续破译论述的技术文本终态；计其系统解释加密和破译的残余，不把Bellaso更早的互换表或整个近代密码学归给Porta；Magia秘密文字章节由此点消费。
Evidence gapsOriginal, rewritten, and known cipher examples have not yet been distinguished chapter by chapter.; Actual adoption and dual uses for communications security have not been verified and are not counted as automatically net positive.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
尚未逐章区分原创、改写和已知密码实例。；实际采用与对通信安全的双重用途未核，不计为自动净正。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.34Giambattista della PortaOriginal Chinese · 吉安巴蒂斯塔·德拉·波尔塔Person
- 0.27Prior work on polyalphabetic ciphers, reciprocal tables, steganography, and diplomatic ciphersOriginal Chinese · 多表、互换表、隐写及外交密码前史Predecessor pool
- 0.11Team contributing practical cipher and decipherment problemsOriginal Chinese · 实际密码与破译问题输入团队Team
- 0.07Giovanni Maria Scoto printing chainOriginal Chinese · Giovanni Maria Scoto印刷链Institution
- 0.04Illustration and book-production teamOriginal Chinese · 图示及书籍制作团队Team
- 0.17Unresolved contributions concerning algorithmic priority, effectiveness, and editionsOriginal Chinese · 未解析的算法优先权、有效性和版本贡献Unallocated
Source links
- Public research source: collections.newberry.org ↗Original Chinese label · 公开研究来源：collections.newberry.org
- Public research source: plato.stanford.edu ↗Original Chinese label · 公开研究来源：plato.stanford.edu
- Public research source: www.nsa.gov ↗Original Chinese label · 公开研究来源：www.nsa.gov
- Public research source: www.tandfonline.com ↗Original Chinese label · 公开研究来源：www.tandfonline.com
04The natural arts and experimental-secrets compendium Magia naturalis《自然魔法》的自然技艺与实验性秘密汇编OUT-SL2482-1558-1589-MAGIA-NATURALIS-COMPENDIUM
Record year1558
summaryThe natural arts and experimental-secrets compendium Magia naturalis. The boundaries of the 1558 four-book/1589 twenty-book editions, the concept of natural magic, and secrets/market materials.
Original Chinese · summary
《自然魔法》的自然技艺与实验性秘密汇编。1558四卷/1589二十卷、自然魔法概念及secrets/市场材料边界。
M rationaleCollection records and SEP support the book's scale, content, and collaborative sources; its independent value lies in compilation, operational expression, and circulation, inseparable from the limits of erroneous/unverified recipes and secret genres. M5.4 is assigned.
Original Chinese · M rationale
馆藏和SEP支持书的规模、内容与协作来源；独立价值在汇编、操作化表达和传播，错误/未验配方与秘密文类限制不可分，取M5.4。
attribution rationaleAttribution budget: Porta 0.28, academy members 0.20, craftspeople and market knowledge 0.17, genre prior work 0.16, publication 0.07, translated circulation 0.04, unresolved 0.08.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
Porta0.28，学院成员0.20，工匠与市场知识0.17，文类前史0.16，出版0.07，翻译传播0.04，未解析0.08。
overlap boundaryThe compiled outcome of the 1558 four-book edition and 1589 twenty-book edition spanning optics, magnetism, distillation, statics, pneumatics, and secret arts; optical and cipher methods with independent monographs count here only as the residual organizational platform and do not duplicate their technical value.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
1558四卷本及1589二十卷本的跨光学、磁学、蒸馏、静力、气动和秘密技艺的汇编终态；有独立专著的光学和密码方法只在本点计编排平台残余，不重复其技术价值。
Evidence gapsItem-by-item sources, reproducible experiments, and an Academy member list are absent; the actual uses of translated circulation and the spread of errors have not been verified.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
缺逐条来源、复现实验与Academy成员名录。；译本传播的实际用途与错误扩散未核。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.28Giambattista della PortaOriginal Chinese · 吉安巴蒂斯塔·德拉·波尔塔Person
- 0.2Members of the Academy of SecretsOriginal Chinese · 秘密学院成员Team
- 0.17Early modern craftspeople and recipe providersOriginal Chinese · 近代早期工匠与配方提供者Team
- 0.16Prior work on genres, natural properties, and recipe compilationsOriginal Chinese · 文类、自然性质与配方汇编前史Predecessor pool
- 0.07Printer-publisher of Magia naturalisOriginal Chinese · 《自然魔法》印刷出版者Institution
- 0.04Contemporary cross-language circulation teamOriginal Chinese · 同代跨语传播团队Team
- 0.08Unresolved contributions by recipe providers and Academy membersOriginal Chinese · 未解析的配方与学院成员贡献Unallocated
Source links
- Public research source: plato.stanford.edu ↗Original Chinese label · 公开研究来源：plato.stanford.edu
- Public research source: collections.si.edu ↗Original Chinese label · 公开研究来源：collections.si.edu
BOUNDARIES NOT COUNTED
Not included in this score
These subjects are recorded as exclusions and are not silently treated as zero or as part of the included outcomes.
Unverified versions, implementation, and subsequent effects
未逐项核实的版本、实施与后续影响
Reason Existing materials have not individually resolved every version, participant, and long-term effect, so no attribution beyond the evidence is made.
Original Chinese reason
现有材料未逐项解析所有版本、参与者及长期效果，故不作超出证据的归因。
How to read this score
Scores can change when evidence is reviewed. The method page explains how magnitude, attribution, and included results relate to the displayed score.
Read the method in English →