Displayed to two decimal places.
PERSON · STARLIGHT
Zeng Guofan
Recorded name: 曾国藩
Zeng Guofan was a late-Qing official and organizer of the Xiang Army, and he also left diaries, family letters, and a classical-prose anthology.
Original Chinese introduction
曾国藩是晚清官员与湘军组织者，也留下日记、家书和古文选本。
Zeng Guofan recorded reading, self-cultivation, and family life over a long period, and selected and edited the Jingshi Baijia Chao. He participated in building the Xiang Army and military-industrial institutions, and also supported the establishment of a translation department. Contributions in writing and editing cannot substitute for assessing the consequences of war, governance, and military manufacture.
Original Chinese context
曾国藩长期记录读书、修养与家庭生活，并编选《经史百家杂钞》。他参与湘军及军工机构建设，也支持翻译馆设立。文字与编纂的贡献不能代替对战争、治理及军事制造后果的评估。
Introduction sources
- Peking University research on diary reading ↗Original Chinese label · 北京大学日记阅读研究
- University of Washington selected translations of family letters ↗Original Chinese label · 华盛顿大学家书选译
- Research on the translation history of the Jiangnan Arsenal ↗Original Chinese label · 江南制造局翻译史研究
Derived from the current score.
Contribution groups assessed so far; coverage is still being expanded.
ASSESSMENT SCOPEWhat this score covers
All included contribution titles and notes are available in English. The complete original text remains available in Chinese; both editions use the same scores and source links.
Uncovered contributions and unresolved harms are not treated as zero. This is not a complete assessment of a lifetime.
2 included contributions have incomplete evidence; the relevant gap appears with that contribution.
Original scope note
This research record currently includes 2 outcomes within a limited scope; M and attribution shares are revisable judgments. Uncovered content and negative effects not yet clarified are not treated as zero; specific gaps appear in the item-by-item explanations.
Original Chinese scope
本轮当前已列2项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。
CALCULATIONHow the score is calculated
Q = 10^(M/2) − 1; Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ; L = Σ Lᵢ; S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L).
M is an outcome’s assessed magnitude and a is the person’s allocated share. A standalone score is only a per-item reference; the attributed light from distinct contributions is what can be combined.
SCORE DETAILS
2 evaluated contributions
M is the assessed magnitude of an outcome; attribution is the person’s share of credit. Attributed light can be added. The standalone score is only a per-item reference and must not be added across rows.
Scroll sideways for scores and attribution.
| Outcome | M | Attribution share | Attributed light | Standalone score | Share of total | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01Reading-method and self-governance textual corpus in diaries and family letters日记、家书中的阅读方法与自我治理文本语料OUT-SL2706-1841-POSTHUMOUS-DIARY-FAMILY-LETTERS-CORPUS · Writing after 1841; posthumous editing and publication | 5.2 | 35% | 138.987510 | 4.29 | 55.7473% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
| 02The Jingshi Baijia Chao and the Xiangxiang school’s method of selecting classical prose《经史百家杂钞》与湘乡派古文编选方法OUT-SL2706-1860S-JINGSHI-BAIJIA-ZACHAO-XIANGXIANG-PROSE · Mid-to-late 19th century | 5.0 | 35% | 110.329718 | 4.09 | 44.2527% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
On small screens, scroll this table horizontally to reach every numeric column.
NOTES AND SOURCES
Contribution notes and source links
English translations of the included notes appear below, with their Chinese originals available for comparison.
01Reading-method and self-governance textual corpus in diaries and family letters日记、家书中的阅读方法与自我治理文本语料OUT-SL2706-1841-POSTHUMOUS-DIARY-FAMILY-LETTERS-CORPUS
Record yearWriting after 1841; posthumous editing and publication
Original Chinese · record year
1841年后写作；身后编刊
summaryLong-term, high-density records preserve different reading practices—reading, reviewing, reciting, collating, and annotating—as well as interactions within an official's family, forming source material for quantifiable research on late-Qing reading and self-governance.
Original Chinese · summary
以长期高密度记录保存看、温、诵、校、批等不同读法及官员家庭互动，形成可量化研究的晚清阅读与自我治理史料。
M rationaleM5.2 is provisionally estimated from the increment of a researchable long-duration textual corpus and explicit reading methods. Peking University research validates the methodological structure through classification of 6529 reading records; University of Washington materials confirm the historical context of the family letters and diaries. Value does not mean that all of its normative claims are correct.
Original Chinese · M rationale
M5.2按可研究的长时段文本语料和明确阅读方法增量暂估。北京大学研究以6529次阅读记录分类验证方法结构；华盛顿大学材料确认家书与日记的历史语境。价值不等同其规范主张全都正确。
attribution rationaleZeng Guofan 0.35; family-letter recipients and diary interlocutors 0.12; diary and family-letter editing and collation team 0.25; prehistory of Confucian daily-study and correspondence traditions 0.1; early text-preservation and publication institutions 0.08; unresolved attribution for diaries and family letters 0.1. The shares are revisable research judgments.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
曾国藩 0.35；家书收信人与日记互动者 0.12；日记家书编辑校刊团队 0.25；儒家日课与书信传统前史 0.1；早期文本保存出版机构 0.08；未解析日记家书归功 0.1。份额为可修订研究判断。
overlap boundaryThis covers verifiable daily reading routines, reading methods, self-reflection, and family-correspondence material in diaries after 1841 and family letters including those of 1852–1865, together with the posthumous public editorial-publication end state. It excludes assessments of private life, hagiographic family precepts, later management-theory rewritings, and the value of military orders.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
1841年后日记及1852–1865等家书中可证的读书日课、阅读方法、自我反省与家庭通信语料，以及身后公共编刊终态。排除私人生活评价、神化式家训、后世管理学改写及军事命令价值。
Evidence gapsNo edition genealogy has been established from manuscripts to early printed editions to modern selections; replies from family-letter recipients and editorial omissions have not yet been systematically checked.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
未建立手稿—早期刻本—现代选本版本谱系。；家书收信人的回信与编辑删节尚未系统核对。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.35Zeng GuofanOriginal Chinese · 曾国藩Person
- 0.12Family-letter recipients and diary interlocutorsOriginal Chinese · 家书收信人与日记互动者Team
- 0.25Diary and family-letter editing and collation teamOriginal Chinese · 日记家书编辑校刊团队Team
- 0.1Prehistory of Confucian daily-study and correspondence traditionsOriginal Chinese · 儒家日课与书信传统前史Predecessor pool
- 0.08Early text-preservation and publication institutionsOriginal Chinese · 早期文本保存出版机构Institution
- 0.1Unresolved attribution for diaries and family lettersOriginal Chinese · 未解析日记家书归功Unallocated
Source links
- Original works, institutional archives, and research ↗Original Chinese label · 原作、机构档案与研究
- Original works, institutional archives, and research ↗Original Chinese label · 原作、机构档案与研究
02The Jingshi Baijia Chao and the Xiangxiang school’s method of selecting classical prose《经史百家杂钞》与湘乡派古文编选方法OUT-SL2706-1860S-JINGSHI-BAIJIA-ZACHAO-XIANGXIANG-PROSE
Record yearMid-to-late 19th century
Original Chinese · record year
19世纪中后期
summaryIt reorganizes stylistic examples from classics, histories, and a hundred authors beyond a single Tongcheng norm, and links the cadence of recitation with classical-prose expression as explicit editorial judgments.
Original Chinese · summary
跨越单一桐城规范重组经史百家文体范例，并将诵读声调与古文表达连接为明确编选判断。
M rationaleM5.0 is provisionally estimated as a literary-education tool with a specific anthology and stylistic judgments. The CText person page and Peking University research jointly support its method of classical-prose cadence and the Jingshi Baijia Chao, but the texts have not been checked piece by piece; scoring therefore covers only the explicit residual of selection and editing, without claiming comprehensive verification of work quality.
Original Chinese · M rationale
M5.0按有具体选本和文体判断的文学教育工具暂估。CText人物页与北大研究共同支持其古文声调方法和《经史百家杂钞》，但未逐篇核读，故只对明确编选残余评分，不宣称作品质量已全面核验。
attribution rationaleZeng Guofan 0.35; original authors and textual transmitters of classics, histories, and a hundred authors 0.3; prehistory of the Tongcheng school and classical-prose theory 0.12; Xiangxiang-school editors and scholarly group 0.08; anthology-publication chain 0.05; unresolved attribution for classical-prose selection and editing 0.1. The shares are revisable research judgments.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
曾国藩 0.35；经史百家原作者与文本传递者 0.3；桐城派与古文理论前史 0.12；湘乡派编辑与学人群体 0.08；选本出版链 0.05；未解析古文选编归功 0.1。份额为可修订研究判断。
overlap boundaryThis covers the cross-genre selection and editing of the Jingshi Baijia Chao and the Xiangxiang school’s classical-prose method centered on cadence, force, and richness of implication. It excludes the creative value of selected original texts, all Tongcheng-school outcomes, diary and family-letter material, and later writers’ works.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
《经史百家杂钞》的跨文类选编，以及以声调、气势和包蕴为核心的湘乡派古文方法。排除所选原文的创作价值、全部桐城派成果、家书日记语料及后世作家作品。
Evidence gapsThe CText person page is a compilatory source and still requires cross-checking against prefaces and tables of contents of original editions; Xiangxiang-school collaborators, editors/collators, and the specific scope of influence remain unresolved.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
CText人物页是汇编性来源，尚需原刻本序言与篇目交叉核实。；湘乡派共同者、校刊者及具体影响范围未闭合。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.35Zeng GuofanOriginal Chinese · 曾国藩Person
- 0.3Original authors and textual transmitters of classics, histories, and a hundred authorsOriginal Chinese · 经史百家原作者与文本传递者Predecessor pool
- 0.12Prehistory of the Tongcheng school and classical-prose theoryOriginal Chinese · 桐城派与古文理论前史Predecessor pool
- 0.08Xiangxiang-school editors and scholarly groupOriginal Chinese · 湘乡派编辑与学人群体Team
- 0.05Anthology-publication chainOriginal Chinese · 选本出版链Team
- 0.1Unresolved attribution for classical-prose selection and editingOriginal Chinese · 未解析古文选编归功Unallocated
Source links
- Original works, institutional archives, and research ↗Original Chinese label · 原作、机构档案与研究
- Original works, institutional archives, and research ↗Original Chinese label · 原作、机构档案与研究
BOUNDARIES NOT COUNTED
Not included in this score
These subjects are recorded as exclusions and are not silently treated as zero or as part of the included outcomes.
Organization of the Xiang Army and suppression of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
湘军组织与太平天国镇压
Reason Organization, military mobilization, and wartime outcomes are directly inseparable from mass death, massacre, and sovereign violence; the currently thin sources cannot establish a net positive, and positive M must not be assigned for pacification or organizational efficiency.
Original Chinese reason
组织、军事动员和战争结果与大规模死亡、屠杀和主权暴力直接不可分；现有薄源不能证明净正，严禁以平乱或组织效率设正M。
Weapon manufacture and military delivery by the Jiangnan Arsenal
江南制造局武器制造与军事交付
Reason The direct end state of arms manufacture is inseparable from war capacity, killing, and state violence; current sources are insufficient to establish a net positive, and it cannot be made positive on the basis of technical success in machinery or productive capacity.
Original Chinese reason
军械制造的直接终态与战争能力、杀伤和国家暴力不可分；现有来源不足以证明净正，不能按机器或产能技术成功转正。
Institutional support for the Jiangnan Arsenal Translation Department (excluding the value of authorship of translated works)
江南制造局翻译馆的机构支持（不含译著作者价值）
Reason It is currently verifiable that Xu Shou, Hua Hengfang, John Fryer, and Jin Kaili first jointly translated a mechanical book, after which Zeng Guofan read it, approved it, and memorialized the establishment of a translation department; the maximum claimable scope is institutional support only. The 193 translated works, editing, printing, and scientific dissemination belong to the translators and publication teams and cannot be attributed to Zeng. The department also served arms production, so separability must be checked text by text and use by use; no M/a is currently assigned.
Original Chinese reason
现可证徐寿、华蘅芳、傅兰雅、金楷理先行合译机械书，曾国藩阅后赞同并上奏建馆；其最高可主张范围仅为机构支持。193种译著、编辑、印刷和科学传播属于译者与出版团队，不能归曾。翻译馆又服务军械生产，需逐种文本与用途核可分性，当前不设M/a。
Local governance, diplomacy, and handling of the Tianjin Massacre
地方治理、外交与天津教案处理
Reason The current packet has not verified specific laws, beneficiaries, repression, negotiation texts, or individual decisions; outcomes or net consequences cannot be inferred from the office of governor-general.
Original Chinese reason
当前包未核具体法律、受益、镇压、谈判文本和个人决策，不能从总督职位推定成果或净后果。
How to read this score
Scores can change when evidence is reviewed. The method page explains how magnitude, attribution, and included results relate to the displayed score.
Read the method in English →