Daisy Bates

Record year1957–1958

summaryTurning court rights into the local coordination, shelter, speaking, and support needed for nine named students actually to attend school and continue their enrollment.

M rationaleM5.8 rates a high-risk, specific, actually delivered civil-rights implementation support. NPS explicitly identifies Bates as mentor and spokesperson and her home as headquarters, but the students carried the core action, so the student team has the largest share.

attribution rationaleBates .18, nine students .30, families .10, NAACP team .18, federal enforcement .08, legal prehistory .08, logistics .04, unresolved .04.

overlap boundarySpeaking, liaison, family support, home headquarters, and safety coordination from the 1957 Little Rock Central High enrollment crisis through the early period of the nine students' continued attendance. Excludes the Brown decision itself, the students' full personal experiences, overall military action, and nationwide desegregation outcomes.

Evidence gapsIndividual shares of the nine students, parents, lawyers, and daily coordinators have not been decomposed day by day. School-internal support and the federal protection chain have not yet been fully closed from primary action archives.

Record year1941–1959；1984–1988

summaryEstablished a continuing statewide Black weekly newspaper platform in Arkansas and, after a twenty-five-year interruption, actually resumed publication and continued it briefly, documenting local violence, segregation, and institutional inequality.

M rationaleM5.5 assesses the main publication end-state of 1941–1959 and the actual revival residue of 1984–1988. Relative to the older scope, an additional 0.1 comes from the evidenced revival and advisory delivery after sale; it is not mechanically accumulated by years. L.C.'s original joint founding and first issue remain retained.

attribution rationaleDaisy .24, L.C. .23, reporters/editors/staff .22, community sources .08, journalism prehistory .08, printing/distribution .07, post-revival owners/editors .03, unresolved .05.

overlap boundaryCivil-rights journalism of the Arkansas State Press from its 1941 founding to its 1959 closure, and the same publication platform's revival by Daisy Bates in 1984, sale in 1987, and her continuing advisory role through 1988. Excludes the 1959–1984 suspension, publication after 1988, the entire Arkansas civil-rights movement, and duplicated value from on-site Little Rock coordination.

Evidence gapsThe first issue and post-revival journalistic bylines, reporting accuracy, and layout changes have not been sampled issue by issue. Ownership, editorial control, and Daisy's advisory duties after the 1987 sale have not been fully decomposed by period.

Record year1962

summaryA key local coordinator produced a continuous first-person record and brought it into public discussion through its introduction and publication.

M rationaleM4.8 assesses participant-source material with a definite author, writing period, and publication end-state; the text has not been read chapter by chapter, so it does not claim literary quality or complete neutrality, and M is not mechanically discounted for unreadness.

attribution rationaleBates .45, student/family source material .12, Roosevelt .05, editing/publishing .10, genre prehistory .08, action-fact input .10, unresolved .10.

overlap boundaryThe participant memoir The Long Shadow of Little Rock, written and published in 1960–1962. Counts only narrative organization, reflection, and public-record residue; it does not repeat-claim the 1957 coordination result or value of the nine students' action.

Evidence gapsThe text, quotations, and editorial changes have not been read chapter by chapter. The students' individual memoirs and differences from Bates's narrative have not yet been compared.