Displayed to two decimal places.
PERSON · STARLIGHT
Alexander Burnes
Recorded name: 亚历山大·伯恩斯
Alexander Burnes was a Scottish travel writer, military officer, and diplomat who left travel records of the Indus, Afghanistan, and Central Asia.
Original Chinese introduction
亚历山大·伯恩斯是苏格兰旅行作家、军官与外交人员，留下印度河、阿富汗和中亚的旅行记录。
Burnes worked for the East India Company, learned local languages, and was ordered to travel along the Indus and through Central Asia. He recorded his observations in Travels into Bokhara and Cabool, including geography, local life, and political observations. These records depended on interpreters, surveyors, and local knowledge contributors, and were closely connected to British intelligence and expansion in the region.
Original Chinese context
伯恩斯在东印度公司任职，学习当地语言，并奉命沿印度河和中亚旅行。他把见闻写入《布哈拉游记》和《喀布尔》，其中包含地理、地方生活与政治观察。这些记录依赖翻译、测量员和当地知识提供者，也与英国在该地区的情报和扩张活动紧密相连。
Introduction sources
- Travels into Bokhara, 1834 primary text ↗Original Chinese label · 《布哈拉游记》1834年原文
- Encyclopaedia Iranica: Alexander Burnes ↗Original Chinese label · 伊朗百科：亚历山大·伯恩斯
Derived from the current score.
Contribution groups assessed so far; coverage is still being expanded.
ASSESSMENT SCOPEWhat this score covers
All included contribution titles and notes are available in English. The complete original text remains available in Chinese; both editions use the same scores and source links.
Uncovered contributions and unresolved harms are not treated as zero. This is not a complete assessment of a lifetime.
1 included contribution has incomplete evidence; the relevant gap appears with that contribution.
Original scope note
This research record currently includes 1 outcome within a limited scope; M and attribution shares are revisable judgments. Uncovered content and negative effects not yet clarified are not treated as zero; specific gaps appear in the item-by-item explanations.
Original Chinese scope
本轮当前已列1项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。
CALCULATIONHow the score is calculated
Q = 10^(M/2) − 1; Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ; L = Σ Lᵢ; S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L).
M is an outcome’s assessed magnitude and a is the person’s allocated share. A standalone score is only a per-item reference; the attributed light from distinct contributions is what can be combined.
SCORE DETAILS
1 evaluated contributions
M is the assessed magnitude of an outcome; attribution is the person’s share of credit. Attributed light can be added. The standalone score is only a per-item reference and must not be added across rows.
Scroll sideways for scores and attribution.
| Outcome | M | Attribution share | Attributed light | Standalone score | Share of total | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01Public narrative corpus of travel materials on the Indus, Afghanistan, and Central Asia印度河、阿富汗与中亚旅行材料的公开叙事语料OUT-SL3714-1834-1842-INDUS-CENTRAL-ASIA-TRAVEL-CORPUS · 1830s–1840s | 5.1 | 30% | 106.144017 | 4.06 | 100.0000% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
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NOTES AND SOURCES
Contribution notes and source links
English translations of the included notes appear below, with their Chinese originals available for comparison.
01Public narrative corpus of travel materials on the Indus, Afghanistan, and Central Asia印度河、阿富汗与中亚旅行材料的公开叙事语料OUT-SL3714-1834-1842-INDUS-CENTRAL-ASIA-TRAVEL-CORPUS
Record year1830s–1840s
Original Chinese · record year
19世纪三四十年代
summaryOrganized multi-place itineraries, voyages, and interview materials into a continuous narrative that could be widely read, compared, and cited at the time, preserving a set of 19th-century regional observations.
Original Chinese · summary
把多地行程、航行和访谈材料组织为当时可广泛阅读、比较和引用的连续叙事，保存一组19世纪区域观察。
M rationaleM5.1 is a provisional assessment of the public travel texts' organization, recording, and dissemination contribution. The 1834 original preface and work structure have been checked, and professional biographical history has been used to cross-check identity and itinerary; the original work shows shared sources for the materials and a government-mission context. The figures are not directly established by catalogues or book reviews; textual bias, extraction of local knowledge, and military utility all limit the net knowledge increment.
Original Chinese · M rationale
M5.1为公开旅行文本的组织、记录与传播残余暂估。已核1834原书序言及作品结构，并以专业人物史校对身份与行程；原书显示材料共同来源与政府任务背景。数值不是由目录或书评直接证明，文本偏见、地方知识抽取及军事可用性均限制其净知识增量。
attribution rationaleAuthor .30; Mohun Lal and other local-language knowledge inputs .25; Gerard and other travel execution .10; prior documentary development .10; specialized appendix .05; original publication assistance .05; unresolved .15.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
作者.30，Mohun Lal等地方语言知识输入.25，Gerard等旅行执行.10，文献前史.10，专项附录.05，原始出版协助.05，未解析.15。
overlap boundaryTravel materials from 1831–1838 formed the public travel corpus of Travels into Bokhara, including the Indus voyage narrative, and Cabool in the 19th century's thirties and forties. Counts only the contribution of text organization, recorded observations, and public dissemination; secret intelligence, treaties, and invasion preparations are separately pending assessment.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
1831–1838行程材料在19世纪三四十年代形成的《布哈拉游记》（含印度河航行叙事）与《喀布尔》公开旅行语料。仅计文本组织、观察记录与公开传播残余；秘密情报、条约及入侵准备另列待评。
Evidence gapsContent, deletions, local names, and editorial changes across volumes and editions have not been checked volume by volume. Responsibility for posthumous editing and archival selection for the 1842 Cabool has not been established. The original package included an 1831 Spectator review concerning the surgeon James Burnes; it has been excluded and was not used to support judgments about Alexander's work quality or prior development. Specialist bibliographies differ between 1841/1842 for Cabool's completion and first-edition year; 1841 is the year of the author's preface, and book images are needed to establish the first-edition version.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
未逐卷核读内容、删改、地方人名与各版本编辑。；1842《Cabool》的身后编辑和档案选择责任未闭合。；原包1831年Spectator书评对应外科医生James Burnes，已剔除；未用该书评支持Alexander作品质量或前史判断。；Cabool成书与初版年份在专业书目中存在1841/1842差异；1841为作者署序年份，初版版本需书影进一步核定。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.3Alexander BurnesOriginal Chinese · 亚历山大·伯恩斯Person
- 0.25Mohan Lal and local interpreters, guides, and knowledge contributorsOriginal Chinese · 莫汉·拉尔与地方翻译、向导及知识提供者Team
- 0.1James Gerard, Mahommed Ali, John Leckie, and travel-execution teamOriginal Chinese · 詹姆斯·杰拉德、穆罕默德·阿里、约翰·莱基与旅行执行团队Team
- 0.1Elphinstone, Pottinger, and other precursors in regional accountsOriginal Chinese · 埃尔芬斯通、波廷杰等区域记述前驱Predecessor pool
- 0.05H. H. Wilson, James Prinsep, and appendix authorsOriginal Chinese · H. H. 威尔逊、詹姆斯·普林塞普与附录作者Team
- 0.05John Murray, David Burnes, Elphinstone, and original-publication collaboratorsOriginal Chinese · 约翰·默里、戴维·伯恩斯、埃尔芬斯通与原始出版协作者Team
- 0.15Unallocated contributions to the travel corpusOriginal Chinese · 旅行作品未分配贡献Unallocated
Source links
- Travels into Bokhara primary text ↗Original Chinese label · 《布哈拉游记》原文
- Specialist biographical history and bibliography ↗Original Chinese label · 专业人物史与书目
BOUNDARIES NOT COUNTED
Not included in this score
These subjects are recorded as exclusions and are not silently treated as zero or as part of the included outcomes.
Indus reconnaissance, Kabul diplomacy, colonial intelligence, and preparation for the First Anglo-Afghan War
印度河侦察、喀布尔外交、殖民情报与第一次英阿战争准备
Reason The British Museum states that the 1830 mission was ostensibly commercial but actually explored navigational conditions, and records that it later paved the way for British entry into Sind/Baluchistan and for service as political agent under an installed regime. The delivery directly served colonial military action. Current evidence is insufficient to compare any residual conflict avoidance from negotiation with war, infringements of sovereignty, and human harm; treaty or intelligence success cannot set a positive M.
Original Chinese reason
British Museum明确1830任务表面商业、实际探查航行条件，并记录其后为英军进入Sind/Baluchistan铺路及在被扶植政权下任政治代理。交付直接服务殖民军事行动，现证据不足以比较谈判避免冲突的残余与战争、主权侵害和人员伤害，不能以条约或情报成功设正M。
Central Asian coin collection and British Museum donation
中亚钱币收藏与British Museum捐赠
Reason The British Museum establishes only the 1835 donation and an appendix author; acquisition method, local rights, catalogue increment, and the collection's end state are not closed.
Original Chinese reason
British Museum只证1835捐赠及附录作者，未闭合取得方式、地方权利、目录增量与馆藏终态。
How to read this score
Scores can change when evidence is reviewed. The method page explains how magnitude, attribution, and included results relate to the displayed score.
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