Displayed to two decimal places.
PERSON · STARLIGHT
Cleisthenes
Recorded name: 克利斯提尼
Cleisthenes was an ancient Athenian political figure closely associated with reforms to civic territorial and representative institutions in the late sixth century BCE.
Original Chinese introduction
克利斯提尼是古代雅典政治人物，与公元前六世纪末的公民地域和代表制度改革密切相关。
Cleisthenes's reforms linked territorial units, ten tribes, and Council representation, changing how Athenian citizens' political participation was organized. This change was jointly brought about by the citizen body, local implementers, and existing institutions. It expanded participation within a limited male-citizen group; women, enslaved people, and foreigners remained excluded.
Original Chinese context
克利斯提尼改革把地域单位、十个部落与议事会代表联系起来，改变了雅典公民参与政治的组织方式。这一变化由公民集体、地方实施者与既有制度共同促成。它扩大的是受限男性公民群体内部的参与，女性、奴隶和外邦人仍被排除。
Introduction sources
- Oxford Classics overview of Cleisthenes ↗Original Chinese label · Oxford古典学克利斯提尼综述
- Oxford monograph on Athenian institutional transformation ↗Original Chinese label · Oxford雅典制度转型专著
- Study of the disputed attribution of ostracism ↗Original Chinese label · 放逐法归属争议研究
Derived from the current score.
Contribution groups assessed so far; coverage is still being expanded.
ASSESSMENT SCOPEWhat this score covers
All included contribution titles and notes are available in English. The complete original text remains available in Chinese; both editions use the same scores and source links.
Uncovered contributions and unresolved harms are not treated as zero. This is not a complete assessment of a lifetime.
1 included contribution has incomplete evidence; the relevant gap appears with that contribution.
Original scope note
This research record currently includes 1 outcome within a limited scope; M and attribution shares are revisable judgments. Uncovered content and negative effects not yet clarified are not treated as zero; specific gaps appear in the item-by-item explanations.
Original Chinese scope
本轮当前已列1项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。
CALCULATIONHow the score is calculated
Q = 10^(M/2) − 1; Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ; L = Σ Lᵢ; S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L).
M is an outcome’s assessed magnitude and a is the person’s allocated share. A standalone score is only a per-item reference; the attributed light from distinct contributions is what can be combined.
SCORE DETAILS
1 evaluated contributions
M is the assessed magnitude of an outcome; attribution is the person’s share of credit. Attributed light can be added. The standalone score is only a per-item reference and must not be added across rows.
Scroll sideways for scores and attribution.
| Outcome | M | Attribution share | Attributed light | Standalone score | Share of total | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01Territorial organization and representative council reform地域编组与代表议事制度改革OUT-SL3831-508-507BCE-TERRITORIAL-REPRESENTATIVE-REFORM · 508/7 BCE and subsequent implementation | 6.1 | 12% | 134.522215 | 4.26 | 100.0000% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
On small screens, scroll this table horizontally to reach every numeric column.
NOTES AND SOURCES
Contribution notes and source links
English translations of the included notes appear below, with their Chinese originals available for comparison.
01Territorial organization and representative council reform地域编组与代表议事制度改革OUT-SL3831-508-507BCE-TERRITORIAL-REPRESENTATIVE-REFORM
Record year508/7 BCE and subsequent implementation
Original Chinese · record year
前508/7年及其后实施
summaryConnected territorial citizen units with cross-regional tribes and council representatives, changing participation and organization within the restricted citizen group.
Original Chinese · summary
把地域公民单位与跨地区部落、议事会代表连接起来，改变受限公民群体内部的参与与组织方式。
M rationaleThe original candidate separated territorial reorganization M6.0 from deliberative structure M5.7. Because their citizen organization and representative mechanisms are highly interdependent, they are combined into one institutional outcome. M6.1 re-evaluates the total increment in restricted participation; it does not add the original Q or raise the score for two outcome counts. The exclusion of women, enslaved people, and foreigners remains within the same assessment.
Original Chinese · M rationale
原候选把地域重组M6.0与议事结构M5.7分开；两者的公民编组和代表机制高度依赖，合为一个制度成果。M6.1是整项受限参与增量的重新判断，不相加原Q，也不按两条成果数抬分。女性、奴隶和外邦人的排除在同项判断中保留。
attribution rationaleCleisthenes .12; supporters of the citizen assembly .30; local implementers .20; prior political development .13; alliances .08; administration .07; unresolved .10.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
Cleisthenes.12，公民大会支持者.30，地方实施者.20，政治前史.13，联盟.08，行政.07，未解析.10。
overlap boundaryThe territorial organization of Athenian male citizens around 508/507 BCE, the ten tribes, and the representative structure of the Council of Five Hundred are recorded as one reform system. Territorial units and seat allocation are interdependent and do not each claim a separate complete institutional value. The exact establishment date and personal attribution of the board of ten generals are disputed and are not included for now; ostracism is separately pending verification.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
公元前508/507年前后雅典男性公民的地域编组、十部落与五百人议事会代表结构，作为同一改革体系记录。地域单位与席位分配互相依赖，不分别领取一份完整制度价值。十将军职确切创设时间和个人归属有争议，暂不计入；陶片放逐法另列待核。
Evidence gapsOriginal proposals, voting records, and registration-execution records are lacking, and personal motives remain disputed. This package does not disaggregate the reform's direct effects on non-citizens, established residents, and local identities. The specific drafting and practical implementation responsibilities for stages of the territorial reform and Council of Five Hundred have not been fully established.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
缺原始提案、表决和登记执行记录，个人动机仍有争议。；改革对非公民、既有居民及地方身份的直接影响未由本包细分。；地域改革与五百人议事会各阶段的具体起草和实际执行责任仍未闭合。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.12CleisthenesOriginal Chinese · 克利斯提尼Person
- 0.3Athenian citizen assembly and reform supportersOriginal Chinese · 雅典公民大会与改革支持者Team
- 0.2Local territorial organization and implementersOriginal Chinese · 基层地域编组与地方实施者Team
- 0.13Solonian institutions and pre-reform political prehistoryOriginal Chinese · 梭伦制度与前改革政治前史Predecessor pool
- 0.08Alcmaeonid family and anti-Isagoras political coalitionOriginal Chinese · 阿尔克迈翁家族与反伊萨戈拉联盟Team
- 0.07Early Athenian reform administrationOriginal Chinese · 早期雅典改革行政机构Institution
- 0.1Unresolved attribution for territorial reformOriginal Chinese · 未解析地域改革归功Unallocated
Source links
- Institutional-history research and conference records ↗Original Chinese label · 制度史研究与会议记录
- Institutional-history research and conference records ↗Original Chinese label · 制度史研究与会议记录
BOUNDARIES NOT COUNTED
Not included in this score
These subjects are recorded as exclusions and are not silently treated as zero or as part of the included outcomes.
Creation and operation of ostracism
陶片放逐法的创设与运行
Reason The Athenaion Politeia tradition attributes the law to Cleisthenes, but scholarship has long debated this because its first use came about twenty years later; compulsory ten-year exile was a direct institutional consequence. No positive M is set until authorship, anti-tyranny benefit, and harms from abuse are resolved.
Original Chinese reason
《雅典政制》传统把法律归于Cleisthenes，但学界因首次实施晚约二十年而长期争论；强制十年流放是制度直接后果。未解决作者归属、反僭主收益与滥用伤害前不设正M。
Other political alliances and family struggles
其他政治联盟与家族斗争
Reason The current package does not restore anti-Isagoras mobilization, exile, and family politics to independent institutional end states; victory or defeat is not scored.
Original Chinese reason
现包未将反Isagoras动员、流亡与家族政治还原为独立制度终态，不以胜负计分。
Establishment of the ten generals' office
十将军职的设立
Reason The specific date of creation and Cleisthenes's personal relation remain unverified; it is not attributed to his reforms merely because it was an Athenian institution.
Original Chinese reason
具体创设时期及克利斯提尼个人关系尚未核清；不因同属雅典制度而归入其改革。
How to read this score
Scores can change when evidence is reviewed. The method page explains how magnitude, attribution, and included results relate to the displayed score.
Read the method in English →