Displayed to two decimal places.
PERSON · STARLIGHT
Adam Smith
Recorded name: 亚当·斯密
Adam Smith (1723–1790) was a Scottish philosopher and political economist, author of The Theory of Moral Sentiments and The Wealth of Nations, who taught jurisprudence in Glasgow.
Original Chinese introduction
亚当·斯密（Adam Smith，1723—1790）是苏格兰哲学家和政治经济学家，著有《道德情操论》和《国富论》，并在格拉斯哥从事法学教学。
Smith was situated in the Scottish Enlightenment; his writings drew on Hume, natural law, and debates about commercial society. Classroom notes, publication editing, and later transmission shaped the materials readable today.
Original Chinese context
斯密处于苏格兰启蒙时期，其著作吸收 Hume、自然法和商业社会讨论；课堂笔记、出版编辑和后世传承塑造了今天可读的材料。
Introduction sources
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Smith’s Moral and Political Philosophy ↗Original Chinese label · 斯坦福哲学百科：斯密的道德与政治哲学
Derived from the current score.
Contribution groups assessed so far; coverage is still being expanded.
ASSESSMENT SCOPEWhat this score covers
All included contribution titles and notes are available in English. The complete original text remains available in Chinese; both editions use the same scores and source links.
Uncovered contributions and unresolved harms are not treated as zero. This is not a complete assessment of a lifetime.
3 included contributions have incomplete evidence; the relevant gap appears with that contribution.
Original scope note
This research record currently includes 3 outcomes within a limited scope; M and attribution shares are revisable judgments. Uncovered content and negative effects not yet clarified are not treated as zero; specific gaps appear in the item-by-item explanations.
Original Chinese scope
本轮当前已列3项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。
CALCULATIONHow the score is calculated
Q = 10^(M/2) − 1; Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ; L = Σ Lᵢ; S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L).
M is an outcome’s assessed magnitude and a is the person’s allocated share. A standalone score is only a per-item reference; the attributed light from distinct contributions is what can be combined.
SCORE DETAILS
3 evaluated contributions
M is the assessed magnitude of an outcome; attribution is the person’s share of credit. Attributed light can be added. The standalone score is only a per-item reference and must not be added across rows.
Scroll sideways for scores and attribution.
| Outcome | M | Attribution share | Attributed light | Standalone score | Share of total | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01Political-economic framework of commercial society, division of labor, wealth, and governance商业社会、分工、财富与治理的政治经济框架OUT-SL0065-1776-POLITICAL-ECONOMY-COMMERCIAL-SOCIETY · 1776 | 6.3 | 43% | 606.961144 | 5.57 | 67.3778% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
| 02Systematic theory of moral sentiments and ordinary judgment道德情感与日常判断的系统理论OUT-SL0065-1759-MORAL-SENTIMENTS · 1759 | 5.5 | 48% | 269.443836 | 4.86 | 29.9105% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
| 03Lectures on jurisprudence, police, revenue, and arms司法、警察、财政与军备的法学教学交付OUT-SL0065-1762-1763-JURISPRUDENCE-TEACHING · 1762 | 3.7 | 35% | 24.428102 | 2.81 | 2.7117% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
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NOTES AND SOURCES
Contribution notes and source links
English translations of the included notes appear below, with their Chinese originals available for comparison.
01Political-economic framework of commercial society, division of labor, wealth, and governance商业社会、分工、财富与治理的政治经济框架OUT-SL0065-1776-POLITICAL-ECONOMY-COMMERCIAL-SOCIETY
Record year1776
Original Chinese · record year
1776
summaryThe Wealth of Nations analyzes commercial society, division of labor, wealth, and governance, and cannot be reduced to a single market slogan.
Original Chinese · summary
《国富论》分析商业社会、分工、财富与治理，不能简化为单一市场口号。
M rationaleRelations among division of labor, exchange, capital, and institutions constitute a general political-economic analytical framework, using M6.3; the historical scope of the method is listed separately for verification, and the current estimate does not represent the full net impact of later economic institutions.
Original Chinese · M rationale
分工、交换、资本与制度关系构成通用政治经济分析框架，采用M6.3；方法的历史适用范围另列待核，当前估分不代表后世经济制度的全部净影响。
attribution rationaleSmith 0.43; explicit prior development 0.24; transmission via student notes 0.09; publication editing and dissemination 0.12; historical commercial source materials 0.07; unresolved 0.05.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
Smith 0.43；明确知识前史0.24；学生笔记传递0.09；出版编辑传播0.12；历史商业资料来源0.07；未解析0.05。
overlap boundary1776 The Wealth of Nations provides a systematic historical analysis of commercial society, division of labor, wealth, governance, and the risk of officials replacing ordinary judgment with theoretical systems. Only the political-economic method of the whole book is counted; modern economics, capitalism, free trade policy, and later market outcomes are excluded.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
1776《国富论》对商业社会、分工、财富、治理和官员以理论体系替代普通判断风险的系统历史性分析。只计整书政治经济方法；现代经济学、资本主义、自由贸易政策和后世市场结果排除。
Evidence gapsVerification needs to be limited to arguments on colonization, slavery, wage classes, and state responsibilities, and inseparable normative consequences cannot be judged; the specific overlap between the first edition volumes and lecture materials awaits calibration.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
需限定核查殖民、奴役、工资阶层和国家职责论证，判断不可分规范后果。；首版各卷与讲义材料的具体重叠待校准。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.43Adam SmithOriginal Chinese · 亚当·斯密Person
- 0.24Antecedents of mercantilism, natural law, and commercial societyOriginal Chinese · 重商主义、自然法与商业社会前史Predecessor pool
- 0.09Glasgow students and the lecture-note traditionOriginal Chinese · 格拉斯哥学生与讲义笔记传统Team
- 0.12Publication, editing, translation, and early readersOriginal Chinese · 出版、编辑、翻译与早期读者Team
- 0.07Historical and commercial information providersOriginal Chinese · 历史与商业资料提供者Team
- 0.05Unresolved attributionOriginal Chinese · 未决归属Unallocated
Source links
- University of Glasgow: Adam Smith exhibition ↗Original Chinese label · 格拉斯哥大学：Adam Smith 展览
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Smith’s Moral and Political Philosophy ↗Original Chinese label · 斯坦福哲学百科：斯密的道德与政治哲学
02Systematic theory of moral sentiments and ordinary judgment道德情感与日常判断的系统理论OUT-SL0065-1759-MORAL-SENTIMENTS
Record year1759
Original Chinese · record year
1759
summaryThe Theory of Moral Sentiments systematically discusses moral sentiments and ordinary judgment.
Original Chinese · summary
《道德情操论》系统讨论道德情感与日常判断。
M rationaleThis is a systematic normative and explanatory framework for cross-context later reuse, rated M5.5; materials were not read chapter by chapter, only entering attribution and range, without diminishing the value of already demonstrated methods.
Original Chinese · M rationale
这是跨情境复用的系统规范与解释框架，取M5.5；资料未逐章读只进入归属和区间，不折损已证方法价值。
attribution rationaleSmith 0.48; Hume and Enlightenment antecedents 0.25; revision discussions 0.10; publication and editorial transmission 0.10; unresolved 0.07. Parallel figures with unproven transmission are not named or hard-assigned.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
Smith 0.48；Hume与启蒙前史0.25；修订讨论0.10；出版编辑传承0.10；未解析0.07。未证传递的并行人物不具名硬分。
overlap boundaryThe 1759 Theory of Moral Sentiments starts from ordinary people's judgments and provides a comprehensive account of sympathy, moral sentiments, and judgment formation. Revisions across editions are not split; it does not claim all later sympathy ethics, liberalism, or public policy.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
1759《道德情操论》以普通人的判断为起点，对同情、道德情感和判断形成作综合论述。各版修订不拆分；不领取后世全部同情伦理、自由主义或公共政策。
Evidence gapsRevisions across editions, the scope of normative objects, and attribution of specific concepts await calibration.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
各版修订、规范对象范围和具体概念归属待校准。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.48Adam SmithOriginal Chinese · 亚当·斯密Person
- 0.25David Hume and Scottish Enlightenment prehistoryOriginal Chinese · David Hume 与苏格兰启蒙前史Predecessor pool
- 0.1Early readers, critics, and revision backgroundOriginal Chinese · 早期读者、批评者与修订背景Team
- 0.1Publishers, editors, and transmittersOriginal Chinese · 出版者、编辑与传承者Team
- 0.07Unresolved intellectual attributionOriginal Chinese · 未决思想归属Unallocated
Source links
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Smith’s Moral and Political Philosophy ↗Original Chinese label · 斯坦福哲学百科：斯密的道德与政治哲学
03Lectures on jurisprudence, police, revenue, and arms司法、警察、财政与军备的法学教学交付OUT-SL0065-1762-1763-JURISPRUDENCE-TEACHING
Record year1762
Original Chinese · record year
1762
summaryDelivered at Glasgow on legal topics including jurisprudence, police, revenue, and arms; extant teaching texts survive through student notes and later editorial preservation.
Original Chinese · summary
在格拉斯哥讲授司法、警察、财政与军备等法学主题；现存教学文本经学生记录和后世编辑保存。
M rationaleWith a defined course scope and student notes delivery, rated M3.7 for cross-topic higher teaching service; unknown audience size only affects the interval.
Original Chinese · M rationale
有明确课程范围和学生笔记交付，按跨主题高等教学服务取M3.7；听众规模未知只影响区间。
attribution rationaleSmith 0.35; student transcriptions 0.25; teaching antecedents 0.18; university environment 0.08; later editing 0.09; unknown 0.05.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
Smith 0.35；学生记录誊清0.25；教学前史0.18；大学环境0.08；后期编辑0.09；未知0.05。
overlap boundaryGlasgow law course around 1762–1763 covering justice, police, revenue, arms, and teaching documented in student notes. Political-economy content incorporated into The Wealth of Nations does not receive a separate full M.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
1762至1763年前后覆盖justice、police、revenue、arms的Glasgow法学课程及由学生笔记保留的具体教学交付。课程中被《国富论》消费的政治经济内容不另领完整M。
Evidence gapsA single set of student notes cannot recover the full classroom, audience, and effects.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
单一学生笔记不能恢复全部课堂、听众和效果。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.35Adam SmithOriginal Chinese · 亚当·斯密Person
- 0.25Student note-takers and copyistsOriginal Chinese · 学生笔记者与誊抄者Team
- 0.18Antecedents of university teaching in natural lawOriginal Chinese · 自然法大学教学前史Predecessor pool
- 0.08University of Glasgow teaching environmentOriginal Chinese · 格拉斯哥大学教学环境Institution
- 0.09Edwin Cannan and later editorsOriginal Chinese · Edwin Cannan 与后世编辑Team
- 0.05Unallocated classroom contributionsOriginal Chinese · 未分配课堂贡献Unallocated
Source links
- University of Glasgow: Adam Smith exhibition ↗Original Chinese label · 格拉斯哥大学：Adam Smith 展览
BOUNDARIES NOT COUNTED
Not included in this score
These subjects are recorded as exclusions and are not silently treated as zero or as part of the included outcomes.
The complete original form of the jurisprudence lectures
法学讲义的完整原貌
Reason The surviving materials are student-note copies; the original lecture years and classroom contributions must retain their boundaries.
Original Chinese reason
现存材料是学生笔记誊本，原讲授年份与课堂贡献需保留边界。
Source links
- University of Glasgow: Adam Smith exhibition ↗Original Chinese label · 格拉斯哥大学：Adam Smith 展览
How to read this score
Scores can change when evidence is reviewed. The method page explains how magnitude, attribution, and included results relate to the displayed score.
Read the method in English →