John Boyd Orr

Record year1936

summaryFood, Health and Income and the income–diet survey method. A 1936, 71-page signed report and Rowett's joint contribution.

M rationaleWellcome and FAO AGRIS establish the 1936 signed report and the joint investigation by Rowett/Market Supply Committee; a contemporary Nature review confirms its comparison of national consumption using an “adequate diet.” It is assigned M6.0 as a broad nutrition–income evidence method.

attribution rationaleBoyd Orr 0.30, Rowett investigation team 0.25, Market Supply Committee 0.12, earlier researchers 0.07, survey prior work 0.12, institutions 0.06, unresolved 0.08.

overlap boundaryIn the 1930s, it formed the 1936 Food, Health and Income through comparison of household budgets, income groups, food consumption, and nutritional needs, and incorporated the residual of comparable methods from the subsequent Carnegie UK diet surveys; it is not credited with wartime rationing or all outcomes of health improvement in Britain.

Evidence gapsThe sources of each data table in the original report, the members of the Market Supply Committee, and household-survey contributions have not been resolved item by item; David Lubbock and field investigators' shares in the Carnegie surveys still require specialized materials.

Record year1922

summaryMineral-nutrition research and the schoolchild-diet demonstration chain. A 1922 joint study of minerals/rickets, metabolic collaboration, authors of schoolchild milk studies, and the chain from experiments to school-meal programs.

M rationaleSpecialist obituaries specifically list the division of labor of Elliot, Crichton, Leighton, Clark, Magee, and others, as well as school-milk demonstrations; it is assigned M5.8 as team experimentation and translational demonstration, without absorbing all outcomes under the institute's name.

attribution rationaleBoyd Orr 0.18, Elliot 0.06, Crichton 0.06, Rowett researchers 0.28, scientific prior work 0.15, school setting 0.08, institute 0.08, unresolved 0.11.

overlap boundaryThe interconnected experimental family from 1922 onward of research on inorganic food constituents, rickets, mineral requirements, and metabolism, and from after 1929 onward of schoolchild milk and growth demonstrations; it does not replicate M for every nutrient or paper and is not credited with all effects of school-meal policy.

Evidence gapsThe original experimental designs, samples, and statistical methods have not been read paper by paper; the specific implementers of the school demonstrations around 1930 and the children's long-term outcomes remain unresolved.

Record year1919

summaryConstruction and research organization of the Rowett Nutrition Institute. He led the new animal-nutrition institute, returned in 1919 to found it, and served as director through 1945.

M rationaleFAO institutional history and specialist obituaries of successor directors support the Rowett Institute's founding/expansion in 1919, its fundraisers, and its facility chain; it is assigned M5.7 as research infrastructure and organizational delivery.

attribution rationaleBoyd Orr 0.18, institute team 0.38, Rowett 0.08, other donors 0.08, prior work 0.10, university/agricultural college 0.10, unresolved 0.08.

overlap boundaryThe initial construction plan in 1914, fundraising and expansion after the 1919 return, and Rowett research-organizational service through 1945; it counts only the institutional residual of building research capacity and does not attribute all papers by researchers, agricultural gains, or later Rowett outcomes to an individual.

Evidence gapsAnnual budgets, governance structure, and research-team rosters have not been completely checked; the independent information-service residual of the Imperial Bureau has not yet been separately listed.

Record year1945

summaryFAO's early World Food Survey and emergency-coordination institutional service. Election as first Director-General in 1945 and the context of the term.

M rationaleOfficial FAO materials confirm that the first survey covered 70 countries and acknowledge that it was not precise by today's standards; they also record a special meeting of 70 countries and the Director-General's mobilization proposal. It is assigned M5.9 as early international-organizational service.

attribution rationaleBoyd Orr 0.12, FAO secretariat 0.31, conference delegates 0.18, participating governments 0.17, international-cooperation prior work 0.10, FAO vehicle 0.06, unresolved 0.06.

overlap boundaryFrom 1945–1948, as FAO's first Director-General, he participated in the initial organization, covering the 1946 first World Food Survey, the 1946–47 special meeting on food shortages, and resource coordination; it does not attribute pre-FAO founding work, later FAO/WFP programs, or global food security to an individual.

Evidence gapsThe author list of the first Survey, quality of national returns, and specific decisions of the emergency meeting have not been checked item by item; the shares of the pre-founding FAO Interim Commission and Quebec delegates are only in the prior-work pool.

Record year1946

summaryWorld Food Board international food-coordination plan. Commission C was tasked with reviewing the plan and its objectives for production, distribution, and utilization.

M rationaleOriginal FAO conference records substantiate the plan's objectives and deliberation; FAO history makes clear that its broad-authority plan was rejected and that the later Council retained only limited monitoring remnants. M4.9 is assigned for a specific but unimplemented public institutional design.

attribution rationaleAttribution budget: Boyd Orr 0.30, technical-policy personnel 0.15, Commission C/delegates 0.22, member states 0.10, prior work in policy 0.12, FAO 0.05, unresolved 0.06.

overlap boundaryA World Food Board policy design proposed and considered by FAO Commission C in 1946–1948, aimed at coordinating basic-food production, distribution, and consumption; count only the knowledge outcome of the detailed plan and intergovernmental debate, and do not describe it as a world institution that was established or implemented.

Evidence gapsThe drafters of individual sections, André Mayer's specific input, and member-state revisions remain unresolved; the economic, sovereignty, and distribution counterfactuals of the plan cannot be measured directly from an unimplemented record.