Displayed to two decimal places.
PERSON · STARLIGHT
Mencius
Recorded name: 孟子
Mencius was a Confucian thinker of the Warring States period. The Mencius discusses good human nature, self-cultivation, benevolent government, and the people as the foundation through dialogue and argument.
Original Chinese introduction
孟子是战国时期儒家思想家，《孟子》以对话和论辩讨论性善、修养、仁政和民本。
His texts, public actions, and philosophical arguments were formed in specific historical contexts and through joint labor; later interpretations, institutional outcomes, and work by independent participants are not attributed to the individual.
Original Chinese context
其文本、公共行动或思想论证均在具体历史语境和共同劳动中形成；后世解释、制度结果和独立参与者的工作不并入个人。
Introduction sources
- Source: plato.stanford.edu ↗Original Chinese label · 来源：plato.stanford.edu
- Source: ctext.org ↗Original Chinese label · 来源：ctext.org
- Source: plato.stanford.edu ↗Original Chinese label · 来源：plato.stanford.edu
Derived from the current score.
Contribution groups assessed so far; coverage is still being expanded.
ASSESSMENT SCOPEWhat this score covers
All included contribution titles and notes are available in English. The complete original text remains available in Chinese; both editions use the same scores and source links.
Uncovered contributions and unresolved harms are not treated as zero. This is not a complete assessment of a lifetime.
2 included contributions have incomplete evidence; the relevant gap appears with that contribution.
Original scope note
This research record currently includes 2 outcomes within a limited scope; M and attribution shares are revisable judgments. Uncovered content and negative effects not yet clarified are not treated as zero; specific gaps appear in the item-by-item explanations.
Original Chinese scope
本轮当前已列2项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。
CALCULATIONHow the score is calculated
Q = 10^(M/2) − 1; Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ; L = Σ Lᵢ; S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L).
M is an outcome’s assessed magnitude and a is the person’s allocated share. A standalone score is only a per-item reference; the attributed light from distinct contributions is what can be combined.
SCORE DETAILS
2 evaluated contributions
M is the assessed magnitude of an outcome; attribution is the person’s share of credit. Attributed light can be added. The standalone score is only a per-item reference and must not be added across rows.
Scroll sideways for scores and attribution.
| Outcome | M | Attribution share | Attributed light | Standalone score | Share of total | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01An Ethical-Psychological Theory of Good Human Nature, Four Sprouts, and Moral Extension性善、四端与道德扩充的伦理心理理论OUT-SL0498-FOURTH-CENTURY-BCE-HUMAN-NATURE-SPROUTS-EXTENSION · FOURTH | 6.0 | 48% | 479.520000 | 5.36 | 56.7848% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
| 02Political-Economic Arguments for Benevolent Government, Livelihood Protection, Taxation, and Opposition to War仁政、民生保障、税制与反战争政治经济论证OUT-SL0498-FOURTH-CENTURY-BCE-BENEVOLENT-GOVERNMENT-POLITICAL-ECONOMY · FOURTH | 5.8 | 46% | 364.930988 | 5.13 | 43.2152% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
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NOTES AND SOURCES
Contribution notes and source links
English translations of the included notes appear below, with their Chinese originals available for comparison.
01An Ethical-Psychological Theory of Good Human Nature, Four Sprouts, and Moral Extension性善、四端与道德扩充的伦理心理理论OUT-SL0498-FOURTH-CENTURY-BCE-HUMAN-NATURE-SPROUTS-EXTENSION
Record yearFOURTH
Original Chinese · record year
FOURTH
summaryIt understands people's sprouts of goodness as tendencies requiring cultivation through environment, education, and personal effort, and uses cases such as extending concern from an ox to the people and a child about to fall into a well to explain extension from emotional recognition to action. This early dialogue-to-compilation outcome in the Mencius includes 2A6, 6A6, 6A15, and 1A7 on good human nature, the four sprouts of compassion, shame and aversion, deference, and right and wrong, reflection, and moral motivation through “extension”; benevolent-government policy, taxation, and later interpretations by Zhao Qi and Zhu Xi are excluded.
Original Chinese · summary
把人具有善的萌芽理解为需环境、教育和个人努力培育的倾向，并用由牛及民、孺子将入井等案例说明从情感识别到行动扩充。 《孟子》2A6、6A6、6A15、1A7等关于性善、恻隐/羞恶/辞让/是非四端、反思与“扩充”伦理动机的早期对话—编纂终态；仁政、税制和后世赵岐/朱熹解释排除。
M rationaleM6.0 is retained: good human nature, the four sprouts, reflection, and extension form a transferable ethical-psychological framework. Its value comes from the cognition-emotion-action structure and continuing discussion, not from canonical status. Benevolent-government policy, Zhu Xi's interpretations, and all Confucian institutions are excluded.
Original Chinese · M rationale
保留M6.0：性善、四端、反思与扩充形成可迁移的伦理心理框架；价值来自认知—情感—行动结构及持续讨论，不来自经典地位。仁政政策、朱熹解释和全部儒家制度排除。
attribution rationaleMencius receives .48 as the principal formulator of the added propositions, examples, and argument for extension. Confucius's former .17 had no corresponding new action not already consumed in the earlier framework, so it is no longer listed as an individual share, nor is .17 moved anonymously into prehistory. The .10 prehistory share claims only concepts such as ren, yi, and li and the problem-setting of cultivation and virtuous government that Mencius's new argument actually reconstructs, not continued adoption of Confucius's original framework; disciples, interlocutors, and textual formation are mutually exclusive by substantive argumentative action, and .18 remains unresolved.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
孟子对新增命题、例证和扩充论证承担主要形成责任，取.48。孔子原.17没有对应未在旧框架中消费的新动作，故不再列个人份额，也不把.17匿名搬入前史。前史.10只领取孟子新论证实际重构的仁、义、礼等概念词汇与修养—德政问题设置，不领取孔子原框架的持续采用；弟子、对话者与文本形成按实质论证动作互斥，.18未解析。
overlap boundaryThe continuing effect of Confucius's original framework is evaluated only in the M of Confucius's outcome; this item claims only Mencius's added theory. Confucius is no longer an individual owner of this item merely by virtue of the teacher-disciple relation.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
孔子原框架持续作用只在孔子成果M中评价；本项只领取孟子新增理论。孔子不再因师承身份成为本项个人所有人。
Evidence gapsThe chapter-by-chapter formation responsibilities of Mencius and disciples or early editors remain unresolved, and the specific vocabulary and problem-setting input pools have not been subdivided by source; this does not affect removal of Confucius's duplicative individual share.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
孟子与弟子/早期编者的逐章形成责任仍未闭合，具体词汇和问题设置输入池也未按来源细分；不影响删除重复的孔子个人份额。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.48MenciusOriginal Chinese · 孟子Person
- 0.15Substantive co-formation of arguments by disciples and early textsOriginal Chinese · 弟子及早期文本的实质论证共同形成Team
- 0.10Ren, yi, and li vocabulary and cultivation-to-virtuous-government problem-setting incorporated into the new argumentOriginal Chinese · 进入新论证的仁义礼词汇与修养—德政问题设置Predecessor pool
- 0.05Interlocutors who prompted revisions to the argumentOriginal Chinese · 促成论证修订的对话者Team
- 0.04Substantive conceptual and textual formation by the early schoolOriginal Chinese · 早期学派的实质概念与文本形成Team
- 0.18Unresolved formation actions in the ethical-psychological theoryOriginal Chinese · 未解析的伦理心理理论形成动作Unallocated
Source links
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Mencius ↗Original Chinese label · 斯坦福哲学百科：孟子
- Chinese Text Project: Mencius ↗Original Chinese label · 中国哲学书电子化计划：《孟子》
02Political-Economic Arguments for Benevolent Government, Livelihood Protection, Taxation, and Opposition to War仁政、民生保障、税制与反战争政治经济论证OUT-SL0498-FOURTH-CENTURY-BCE-BENEVOLENT-GOVERNMENT-POLITICAL-ECONOMY
Record yearFOURTH
Original Chinese · record year
FOURTH
summaryIt turns moral extension into policy demands that rulers secure food and safety and reduce harsh taxation and war, and uses cases of division of labor, prices, and the well-field system to discuss governance. The Mencius's 1A1, 1A7, 3A3, and 7B14, among others, provide political-economic arguments for constraining the pursuit of profit by ren and yi, securing basic livelihoods, light taxation and the well-field system, opposing abusive warfare, and the proposition that the people are weightier than the ruler; actual reforms by feudal rulers, later dynastic institutions, and the whole Confucian state are not counted.
Original Chinese · summary
把道德扩充转成君主应保障食物与安全、减少苛税和战争的政策要求，并用分工、价格和井田案例讨论治理。 《孟子》1A1、1A7、3A3、7B14等关于以仁义制约逐利、保障基本生计、轻税/井田、反滥战及“民贵君轻”的政治经济论证；不计实际诸侯改革、后世王朝制度或整个儒家国家。
M rationaleM5.8 is retained: the outcome organizes basic livelihoods, light taxation, the well-field system, division of labor, constraints on war, and the legitimacy of rule into an important political-economic argument, broader than a single policy proposal. The prior M already does not claim actual policy effects or later dynastic institutions, and records the feasibility of the well-field system and the stance on invading Yan as limitations; this round adds no evidence requiring a narrower scope.
Original Chinese · M rationale
保留M5.8：成果把基本生计、轻税、井田、分工、战争约束与统治正当性组织为重要政治经济论证，范围广于单一政策主张。旧M已经不领取实际政策成效或后世王朝制度，并把井田可行性和侵燕立场登记为限制；本轮没有新增范围收缩证据。
attribution rationaleMencius receives .46 as the core of the added argument. Disciples, interlocutors, and the school enter only where they produced argumentative revisions or reusable texts; each of the two prehistory pools is limited to specific inputs and is not expanded by general historical necessities; .13 is reserved for indistinguishable textual and knowledge actions. The former generalized prehistory pool withdraws its identified-attribution claim, leaving its former amount unresolved rather than returning it to the author; this does not establish semantic deduplication through anonymization.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
孟子作为新增论证核心取.46。弟子、对话者和学派只有产生论证修订或可复用文本时进入；两个前史池各限具体输入，不按一般历史必要条件扩张；.13留给无法区分的文本与知识动作。 原泛化前史池撤回已识别归属声明，原额留作未解析，不返还作者；这不是通过匿名化证明语义去重。
overlap boundaryThis does not duplicate the theory of the four sprouts in the ethical-psychological item, nor does it feed actual reforms by feudal rulers, later Confucian states, or livelihood outcomes back into this item.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
不重复伦理心理项的四端理论，也不把实际诸侯改革、后世儒家国家或民生结果回投本项。
Evidence gapsThe dispute over invading Yan in 2B8–2B9, the feasibility of the well-field system, early textual layers, and the history of reception of specific policies require closer examination. The corresponding specific prehistory inputs and consumption boundaries remain unresolved, so no share is provisionally assigned to any predecessor.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
需细核2B8–2B9侵燕争议、井田可行性、早期文本层及具体政策接受史。 对应前史具体输入与消费边界未闭合，暂不分给任何前驱。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.46MenciusOriginal Chinese · 孟子Person
- 0.12Substantive co-formation of arguments by disciples and early textsOriginal Chinese · 弟子及早期文本的实质论证共同形成Team
- 0.05Political interlocutors and informed participants who prompted revisions to policy argumentsOriginal Chinese · 促成政策论证修订的政治对话者与知情者Team
- 0.10Responsibility pool for specific non-duplicative formation actions not yet identifiableOriginal Chinese · 尚不能识别具体未重复形成动作的责任池Unallocated
- 0.10Prehistory of Zhou agriculture, taxation, public works, and administrative knowledgeOriginal Chinese · 周代农业、税制、公共工程与行政知识前史Predecessor pool
- 0.04Substantive political-text formation by the early schoolOriginal Chinese · 早期学派的实质政治文本形成Team
- 0.13Unresolved formation actions in the political-economic argumentOriginal Chinese · 未解析的政治经济论证形成动作Unallocated
Source links
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Mencius ↗Original Chinese label · 斯坦福哲学百科：孟子
- Chinese Text Project: Mencius ↗Original Chinese label · 中国哲学书电子化计划：《孟子》
BOUNDARIES NOT COUNTED
Not included in this score
These subjects are recorded as exclusions and are not silently treated as zero or as part of the included outcomes.
Unresolved Sources, Collaboration, and Later Effects
未闭合来源、协作和后世效果
Reason Further verification against primary records is required; attribution cannot be made automatically.
Original Chinese reason
需要进一步原始档案核实，不能自动归因。
How to read this score
Scores can change when evidence is reviewed. The method page explains how magnitude, attribution, and included results relate to the displayed score.
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