Displayed to two decimal places.
PERSON · STARLIGHT
Ramón Verea
Recorded name: 拉蒙·贝雷亚
Ramón Verea was a Galician inventor and publisher who designed mechanical calculators and edited Spanish-language periodicals in New York.
Original Chinese introduction
拉蒙·贝雷亚是加利西亚发明者与出版者，曾在纽约设计机械计算机、编辑西班牙语报刊。
In 1878, Verea obtained a U.S. patent for a direct-multiplication calculating machine, and the related model remains inspectable today. He also worked in printing and writing, founded El Progreso, and brought science, social, and freethought subjects to Spanish-language readers. Mechanical design and transatlantic publishing form two distinct lines of work.
Original Chinese context
贝雷亚在1878年为一台直接乘法计算机取得美国专利，相关模型今天仍可查验。他也从事印刷和写作，创办《El Progreso》，将科学、社会与自由思想议题带给西班牙语读者。机械设计与跨大西洋出版构成了他两条不同的工作线索。
Introduction sources
- Smithsonian Verea calculating-machine model ↗Original Chinese label · 史密森尼维雷亚计算机模型
- U.S. patent US207918 ↗Original Chinese label · 美国专利US207918
- Galician Cultural Council Verea archive ↗Original Chinese label · 加利西亚文化委员会维雷亚档案
Derived from the current score.
Contribution groups assessed so far; coverage is still being expanded.
ASSESSMENT SCOPEWhat this score covers
All included contribution titles and notes are available in English. The complete original text remains available in Chinese; both editions use the same scores and source links.
Uncovered contributions and unresolved harms are not treated as zero. This is not a complete assessment of a lifetime.
2 included contributions have incomplete evidence; the relevant gap appears with that contribution.
Original scope note
This research record currently includes 2 outcomes within a limited scope; M and attribution shares are revisable judgments. Uncovered content and negative effects not yet clarified are not treated as zero; specific gaps appear in the item-by-item explanations.
Original Chinese scope
本轮当前已列2项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。
CALCULATIONHow the score is calculated
Q = 10^(M/2) − 1; Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ; L = Σ Lᵢ; S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L).
M is an outcome’s assessed magnitude and a is the person’s allocated share. A standalone score is only a per-item reference; the attributed light from distinct contributions is what can be combined.
SCORE DETAILS
2 evaluated contributions
M is the assessed magnitude of an outcome; attribution is the person’s share of credit. Attributed light can be added. The standalone score is only a per-item reference and must not be added across rows.
Scroll sideways for scores and attribution.
| Outcome | M | Attribution share | Attributed light | Standalone score | Share of total | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01Direct multiplication mechanical computer model and patent.直接乘法机械计算机模型与专利OUT-SL1798-1878-DIRECT-MULTIPLICATION-CALCULATING-MACHINE · 1878 | 5.2 | 52% | 206.495729 | 4.63 | 65.1765% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
| 02"El Progreso" Spanish-language science and public discussion publication platform《El Progreso》西班牙语科学与公共讨论出版平台OUT-SL1798-1884-1899-EL-PROGRESO-SPANISH-LANGUAGE-PUBLISHING · 1884–1899 | 5.0 | 35% | 110.329718 | 4.09 | 34.8235% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
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NOTES AND SOURCES
Contribution notes and source links
English translations of the included notes appear below, with their Chinese originals available for comparison.
01Direct multiplication mechanical computer model and patent.直接乘法机械计算机模型与专利OUT-SL1798-1878-DIRECT-MULTIPLICATION-CALCULATING-MACHINE
Record year1878
summaryDelivery of one surviving model and a structured patent, making its direct multiplication scheme an inspectable mechanical end-state.
Original Chinese · summary
交付一台存世模型和结构化专利，使其直接乘法方案成为可检查的机械终态。
M rationaleM5.2 is assessed based on a clear physical object, a readable patent, and the constrained technical increment of direct multiplication. It is higher than a general design with only conceptual sketches, but there is no evidence supporting large-scale deployment or attributing the computing industry to this machine.
Original Chinese · M rationale
M5.2按明确实物、可读专利与直接乘法这一受限技术增量评估。它高于仅有概念草图的一般设计，但没有证据支持大规模部署或将计算产业归于该机。
attribution rationaleVerea .52, mechanical antecedents .18, patent record institution .03, production and clerical labor and other unallocated total .27.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
Verea .52，机械前史 .18，专利记录机构 .03，制作与文书劳动及其他未分配合计 .27。
overlap boundary1878 mechanical computer model and US207918 design publication capable of direct single-digit multiplication, rather than only repeated addition. Excludes machine commercialization, all mechanical computing antecedents, electronic computers, and later computing industry.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
1878年可直接以一位数相乘、而非仅靠重复加法的机械计算机模型及US207918设计公开。排除机器商业化、所有机械计算前史、电子计算机与后世计算产业。
Evidence gapsModel-making craftsmen and trial records are unresolved; users, reproduction quantity, and actual application scope lack reliable delivery evidence.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
模型制造工匠与试验记录未解析。；使用者、复制数量和实际应用范围尚无可靠交付证据。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.52Ramón VereaOriginal Chinese · 拉蒙·贝雷亚Person
- 0.15Model-fabrication labor pending verificationOriginal Chinese · 模型制造劳动待核定Unallocated
- 0.18Prehistory of mechanical calculators and multiplication devicesOriginal Chinese · 机械计算与乘法装置前史Predecessor pool
- 0.05Patent-drawing and filing labor pending verificationOriginal Chinese · 专利制图与文书劳动待核定Unallocated
- 0.03United States Patent OfficeOriginal Chinese · 美国专利局Institution
- 0.07Unresolved calculator attributionOriginal Chinese · 未解析计算机归功Unallocated
Source links
- Material evidence, historical sources, and scholarly research ↗Original Chinese label · 实物、史料与学术研究
- Material evidence, historical sources, and scholarly research ↗Original Chinese label · 实物、史料与学术研究
02"El Progreso" Spanish-language science and public discussion publication platform《El Progreso》西班牙语科学与公共讨论出版平台OUT-SL1798-1884-1899-EL-PROGRESO-SPANISH-LANGUAGE-PUBLISHING
Record year1884–1899
summaryEstablished and continuously operated a specific publication platform for Spanish-speaking readers, organizing science, society, and political discussions into distributable texts.
Original Chinese · summary
建立并持续经营一个面向西语读者的具体出版平台，把科学、社会和政治讨论组织成可发行文本。
M rationaleM5.0 evaluated based on verified founding, editing, cross-city revival, and multi-topic publication services. Existing materials support the platform's existence and Verea's role, but issues, circulation, and audience impact have not been verified issue by issue, therefore not claiming the entire Spanish-language public sphere.
Original Chinese · M rationale
M5.0按已证创刊、编辑、跨城市复办和多议题出版服务评估。现有材料支持平台存在与Verea角色，但未逐期核正文、发行量和受众效果，因此不领取整个西语公共领域。
attribution rationaleVerea .35, author-correspondent .20, printing and distribution .15, press and intellectual antecedents .12, editorial production .08, original publishing institution .04, unresolved .06.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
Verea .35，作者通讯者 .20，印刷发行 .15，报刊与知识前史 .12，编辑制作 .08，原始出版机构 .04，未解析 .06。
overlap boundaryCounts verifiable editing, public discussion of science and liberal thought, and Spanish-language distribution during the founding of "El Progreso" in New York in 1884 and its later revival in Buenos Aires. Excludes misattributing Verea's work at "El Cronista" as founding, all Spanish-language immigrant media, and treating each article as an independent M.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
1884年在纽约创办的《El Progreso》及其后布宜诺斯艾利斯复办阶段中可证的编辑、科学与自由思想公共讨论和西班牙语发行服务。排除把Verea在《El Cronista》的工作误写为创办、排除所有西语移民媒体和每篇文章独立计M。
Evidence gapsArticles, authors, circulation data, and readership have not yet been verified issue by issue. Property rights, editorial, and financial responsibilities for the New York and Buenos Aires phases are not fully resolved.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
尚未逐期核验文章、作者、发行数据与读者范围。；纽约和布宜诺斯艾利斯阶段的产权、编辑和财务责任未完整解析。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.35Ramón VereaOriginal Chinese · 拉蒙·贝雷亚Person
- 0.2El Progreso writers and correspondentsOriginal Chinese · 《El Progreso》作者与通讯者Team
- 0.15Printing, distribution, and agency teamOriginal Chinese · 印刷、发行与代理团队Team
- 0.12Prehistory of Spanish-language science, freethought, and pressOriginal Chinese · 西语科学、自由思想与报刊前史Predecessor pool
- 0.08Editorial and production teamOriginal Chinese · 编辑与制作团队Team
- 0.04El Progreso original publishing institutionOriginal Chinese · 《El Progreso》原始出版机构Institution
- 0.06Unresolved publishing attributionOriginal Chinese · 未解析出版归功Unallocated
Source links
- Material evidence, historical sources, and scholarly research ↗Original Chinese label · 实物、史料与学术研究
- Material evidence, historical sources, and scholarly research ↗Original Chinese label · 实物、史料与学术研究
BOUNDARIES NOT COUNTED
Not included in this score
These subjects are recorded as exclusions and are not silently treated as zero or as part of the included outcomes.
Other books, pamphlets, and newspaper editing
其他著作、小册子与报刊编辑
Reason Official archives list broader writing activity, but no independent increment has been verified text by text; material overlapping with El Progreso belongs within the publication family.
Original Chinese reason
官方档案列出更广写作活动，但当前未按文本核独立增量；与《El Progreso》重合部分应消费进出版族。
Newspaper-folding machine design
报纸折叠机械设计
Reason Biographical material mentions the related idea, but physical object, patent, or a verifiable design end state is absent.
Original Chinese reason
人物资料提到相关构想，但当前缺实物、专利或可复核设计终态。
How to read this score
Scores can change when evidence is reviewed. The method page explains how magnitude, attribution, and included results relate to the displayed score.
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