José Goldemberg

Record year1978

summaryIt put alternative crops, transport, and energy systems into a comparable framework of energy, cost, and sustainability, and publicly examined over time the conditions and controversies surrounding sugarcane ethanol.

M rationaleEarly comparative research, the original 1981 abstract, and specific papers from 2007–2009 evidence a continuous analytical delivery that explicitly addresses disputes over energy balance, food, land, and emissions. M5.8 is assigned for a regional energy-choice methodological family spanning decades, rather than for industrial scale.

attribution rationaleGoldemberg 0.31, named coauthors 0.24, data teams 0.13, prior work 0.13, USP institutions 0.06, unresolved 0.13.

overlap boundaryThe comparative research chain from 1978–2009 concerning Brazilian energy options, transport energy, crop-ethanol energy balance, and sugarcane-ethanol sustainability; later updates are treated as the same analytical family, and M is not duplicated by paper count. It excludes the Brazilian ethanol industry, government policy, farmers' labor, and emissions-reduction outcomes themselves.

Evidence gapsThe original tables, assumptions, and joint data producers of the 1978 comparative calculations have not been closed. Conclusions from different periods on land change, labor conditions, and indirect emissions require independent rechecking, so no net industrial effect is estimated.

Record year1988

summaryIt organized technology supply, energy services, efficiency, development needs, and environmental constraints into an integrated choice framework that can be discussed across countries.

M rationaleThe Annual Review bibliography and the segmented account of the authors' careers establish that this book is a major joint synthesis outcome of four people; M5.7 is assigned for a global cross-domain synthesis rather than a single new law. The present failure to verify chapter-by-chapter divisions of labor affects confidence in a, not as an M discount.

attribution rationaleEach of the four authors receives 0.18, prior work 0.12, the data/editorial team 0.08, and unresolved contributions 0.08.

overlap boundaryThe four-person book of 1988 formed an integrated framework for energy services, efficiency, and technology choices in relation to development and the environment; it counts only the residual global synthesis beyond the specific comparison of Brazilian ethanol, does not duplicate the data comparison in the preceding item, and is not credited with all subsequent policy and scholarly outcomes of ‘sustainable development.’

Evidence gapsThe four authors' chapter-by-chapter divisions of labor and the specific propositions that exceed existing energy-development research have not yet been verified. The data and editorial contributors to the global cases are unnamed.

Record year1948

summaryIt applied existing instruments and experimental methods to nuclear-physics research in Brazil, producing named coauthored papers and participating in the building of locally sustainable equipment capacity.

M rationaleExisting institutional history and bibliography establish joint research and the delivery of equipment capacity; the scope exceeds a single paper but does not establish an exclusive theoretical breakthrough. M5.3 is assigned for regional research capacity with a sustained research outcome and joint experimental results. Evidentiary granularity enters only into attribution-budget uncertainty.

attribution rationaleGoldemberg receives 0.22, Damy 0.13, three named co-researchers together 0.24, the equipment/experiment team 0.17, prior work 0.14, USP 0.04, and unresolved contributions 0.06.

overlap boundaryThe experimental research capacity produced through participation from 1948–1966 in betatron installation, photonuclear cross-section and nuclear-magnetic electron-scattering research, and the transfer and reinstallation of an old accelerator at USP; it is not credited with Brazilian nuclear physics as a whole, nuclear-power deployment, or all later research output from the equipment.

Evidence gapsThe full texts of the 1953/1966 papers have not been checked paper by paper; the authors' division of experimental labor remains the main uncertainty. The engineering roster for the equipment transfer and records of subsequent actual use remain incomplete.