Displayed to two decimal places.
PERSON · STARLIGHT
Bing Xin
Recorded name: 冰心
Bing Xin was a Chinese writer, poet, prose writer, and translator who began writing during the May Fourth period.
Original Chinese introduction
冰心是中国作家、诗人、散文家和译者，五四时期开始写作。
Stars and Spring Water explore emotion and daily life in short poems, while To Young Readers depicts journeys and everyday life through letters. She also translated works by Tagore and other writers, introducing foreign literature to Chinese readers.
Original Chinese context
《繁星》《春水》以短小诗句书写情感与日常，《寄小读者》用通信的形式描绘旅途和生活。她也翻译泰戈尔等作家的作品，向中文读者介绍外国文学。
Introduction sources
- Source: www.cuhk.edu.hk ↗Original Chinese label · 来源：www.cuhk.edu.hk
- Source: cuhk.edu.hk ↗Original Chinese label · 来源：cuhk.edu.hk
Derived from the current score.
Contribution groups assessed so far; coverage is still being expanded.
ASSESSMENT SCOPEWhat this score covers
All included contribution titles and notes are available in English. The complete original text remains available in Chinese; both editions use the same scores and source links.
Uncovered contributions and unresolved harms are not treated as zero. This is not a complete assessment of a lifetime.
4 included contributions have incomplete evidence; the relevant gap appears with that contribution.
Original scope note
This research record currently includes 4 outcomes within a limited scope; M and attribution shares are revisable judgments. Uncovered content and negative effects not yet clarified are not treated as zero; specific gaps appear in the item-by-item explanations.
Original Chinese scope
本轮当前已列4项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。
CALCULATIONHow the score is calculated
Q = 10^(M/2) − 1; Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ; L = Σ Lᵢ; S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L).
M is an outcome’s assessed magnitude and a is the person’s allocated share. A standalone score is only a per-item reference; the attributed light from distinct contributions is what can be combined.
SCORE DETAILS
4 evaluated contributions
M is the assessed magnitude of an outcome; attribution is the person’s share of credit. Attributed light can be added. The standalone score is only a per-item reference and must not be added across rows.
Scroll sideways for scores and attribution.
| Outcome | M | Attribution share | Attributed light | Standalone score | Share of total | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01Epistolary children’s literature of the To Young Readers series《寄小读者》系列的通讯体儿童文学OUT-SL0972-1923-1978-TO-YOUNG-READERS-LETTER-LITERATURE · 1923 | 5.7 | 52% | 367.611808 | 5.13 | 34.6960% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
| 02The modern short-poetry work family of Stars and Spring Water《繁星》《春水》的现代小诗作品族OUT-SL0972-1922-1923-STARS-SPRING-WATER-SHORT-POETRY · 1922 | 5.6 | 51% | 321.278246 | 5.02 | 30.3229% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
| 03The problem-fiction and early lyrical-prose work family including Superman《超人》等问题小说与早期抒情散文作品族OUT-SL0972-1919-1925-EARLY-FICTION-LYRICAL-PROSE · 1919 | 5.4 | 55% | 275.102978 | 4.88 | 25.9648% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
| 04Chinese translation service for foreign literature including Tagore泰戈尔等外国文学的中文翻译服务OUT-SL0972-1950-1990-TAGORE-FOREIGN-LITERATURE-TRANSLATIONS · 1950 | 5.1 | 27% | 95.529615 | 3.97 | 9.0163% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
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NOTES AND SOURCES
Contribution notes and source links
English translations of the included notes appear below, with their Chinese originals available for comparison.
01Epistolary children’s literature of the To Young Readers series《寄小读者》系列的通讯体儿童文学OUT-SL0972-1923-1978-TO-YOUNG-READERS-LETTER-LITERATURE
Record year1923
summaryTravel, illness, observations of nature, and cultural experience became a sustained body of Chinese epistolary literature addressing children directly. Beginning in 1923, the 29 pieces of To Young Readers and its continuations in 1944, 1958, and 1978 are treated as one continuous family of epistolary works; each continuation is not assigned a separate M.
Original Chinese · summary
把旅行、疾病、自然观察和文化经验转为直接与儿童交谈的长期中文通讯体文学。 1923年29篇《寄小读者》及1944、1958、1978续作构成连续通讯体作品族；不把每轮续作另立M。
M rationaleTsinghua institutional-history materials specify the first 29 pieces and three continuations, and describe the contemporaneous freshness of content and form; M5.7 is assigned for the independent children’s epistolary medium and the long-duration work end state.
Original Chinese · M rationale
清华校史材料列明首批29篇及三次续作，且说明内容和形式的同期新鲜度；按独立儿童通讯载体与长时段作品终态取M5.7。
attribution rationaleBing Xin 0.52, earlier work 0.16, editors 0.10, institutions 0.08, unresolved 0.14.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
冰心0.52，前史0.16，编辑0.10，机构0.08，未解析0.14。
overlap boundaryBeginning in 1923, the 29 pieces of To Young Readers and its continuations in 1944, 1958, and 1978 are treated as one continuous family of epistolary works; each continuation is not assigned a separate M.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
1923年29篇《寄小读者》及1944、1958、1978续作构成连续通讯体作品族；不把每轮续作另立M。
Evidence gapsThe direct effects of the editors of each continuation and reader feedback on the formation of the texts need further specification.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
各次续作编辑者、读者反馈对文本形成的直接作用需细化。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.52Bing XinOriginal Chinese · 冰心Person
- 0.16Chinese Children’s Literature Epistolary and Travel Writing: Prior Work (role listed in the attribution budget)Original Chinese · CHINESE CHILDRENS LITERATURE EPISTOLARY AND TRAVEL WRITING PREHISTORY（预算列明角色）Predecessor pool
- 0.1Children’s Periodical Editors and Publishing Team (role listed in the attribution budget)Original Chinese · CHILDRENS PERIODICAL EDITORS AND PUBLISHING TEAM（预算列明角色）Team
- 0.08Morning Post People’s Daily and Publishing Institutions (role listed in the attribution budget)Original Chinese · MORNING POST PEOPLES DAILY AND PUBLISHING INSTITUTIONS（预算列明角色）Institution
- 0.14Unresolved Bing Xin Young Readers Attribution (role listed in the attribution budget)Original Chinese · UNRESOLVED BINGXIN YOUNG READERS ATTRIBUTION（预算列明角色）Unallocated
Source links
- Source: www.cuhk.edu.hk ↗Original Chinese label · 来源：www.cuhk.edu.hk
02The modern short-poetry work family of Stars and Spring Water《繁星》《春水》的现代小诗作品族OUT-SL0972-1922-1923-STARS-SPRING-WATER-SHORT-POETRY
Record year1922
summaryPersonal reflection, maternal love, a child’s perspective, and imagery from nature became a body of Chinese writing blending classical and vernacular language, published as successive short pieces. In 1922–1923, Stars with 164 poems and Spring Water with 182 poems form one interrelated family of short poems; M is not multiplied by the number of poems, and Tagore’s original work is not credited as Bing Xin’s own.
Original Chinese · summary
把个人哲思、母爱、童心与自然意象转为文白交融、短章连续发表的中文作品终态。 1922–1923年《繁星》164首与《春水》182首作为一个互相关联的小诗作品族；不按篇数复制M，也不把泰戈尔原作算作冰心原创。
M rationaleSociety-history materials record continuous publication, strong contemporaneous response, Tagore’s input, and a stylistic increment; M5.6 is assigned for the complete work family, rather than a score based on later renown.
Original Chinese · M rationale
会史资料记录连续发表、强烈同期反响、泰戈尔输入及文体增量，按完整作品族取M5.6；并非按后世名望定分。
attribution rationaleBing Xin 0.51, Rabindranath Tagore 0.11, Zheng Zhenduo 0.04, family/editors 0.07, earlier work 0.12, institutions 0.07, unresolved 0.08.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
冰心0.51，泰戈尔0.11，郑振铎0.04，家人/编辑0.07，前史0.12，机构0.07，未解析0.08。
overlap boundaryIn 1922–1923, Stars with 164 poems and Spring Water with 182 poems form one interrelated family of short poems; M is not multiplied by the number of poems, and Tagore’s original work is not credited as Bing Xin’s own.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
1922–1923年《繁星》164首与《春水》182首作为一个互相关联的小诗作品族；不按篇数复制M，也不把泰戈尔原作算作冰心原创。
Evidence gapsEditorial changes poem by poem and typesetting responsibility at Morning Post have not been checked.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
逐首编辑修改与《晨报》排印责任未核。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.51Bing XinOriginal Chinese · 冰心Person
- 0.11Rabindranath TagoreOriginal Chinese · 泰戈尔Person
- 0.04Zheng Zhenduo (role listed in the attribution budget)Original Chinese · ZHENG ZHENDUO（预算列明角色）Person
- 0.07Bing Xin Siblings and Contemporary Editorial Team (role listed in the attribution budget)Original Chinese · BINGXIN SIBLINGS AND CONTEMPORARY EDITORIAL TEAM（预算列明角色）Team
- 0.12Chinese Classical Poetry and May Fourth Vernacular: Prior Work (role listed in the attribution budget)Original Chinese · CHINESE CLASSICAL POETRY AND MAY FOURTH VERNACULAR PREHISTORY（预算列明角色）Predecessor pool
- 0.07Morning Post Literature Research Association and Publishers (role listed in the attribution budget)Original Chinese · MORNING POST LITERATURE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION AND PUBLISHERS（预算列明角色）Institution
- 0.08Unresolved Bing Xin Short Poetry Attribution (role listed in the attribution budget)Original Chinese · UNRESOLVED BINGXIN SHORT POETRY ATTRIBUTION（预算列明角色）Unallocated
Source links
- Source: www.cuhk.edu.hk ↗Original Chinese label · 来源：www.cuhk.edu.hk
03The problem-fiction and early lyrical-prose work family including Superman《超人》等问题小说与早期抒情散文作品族OUT-SL0972-1919-1925-EARLY-FICTION-LYRICAL-PROSE
Record year1919
Original Chinese · record year
1919
summaryIt uses concise narration blending classical and vernacular language to address generations, loneliness, maternal love, and social ethics, forming a fiction/prose end state distinct from short poems. After 1919, early problem fiction and lyrical prose including Two Families, Superman, and Smile are grouped through their related stylistic transition; To Young Readers letters and short poems are excluded.
Original Chinese · summary
以简练文白混融叙事处理代际、孤独、母爱和社会伦理，形成与小诗不同的小说/散文终态。 1919后《两个家庭》《超人》《笑》等早期问题小说与抒情散文，以相近文体转型合族；不含《寄小读者》通讯和小诗。
M rationaleChinese-writer research materials list problem fiction including Superman and the modern vernacular-prose practice of Smile; society-history materials describe the style as the “Bing Xin style,” and M5.4 is assigned from the work end state.
Original Chinese · M rationale
中国作家研究材料列出《超人》等问题小说及《笑》的现代白话散文实践，会史资料将其文体概括为“冰心体”，按作品终态取M5.4。
attribution rationaleBing Xin 0.55, earlier stylistic traditions 0.17, editorial production 0.09, institutions 0.07, unresolved 0.12.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
冰心0.55，文体前史0.17，编辑制作0.09，机构0.07，未解析0.12。
overlap boundaryAfter 1919, early problem fiction and lyrical prose including Two Families, Superman, and Smile are grouped through their related stylistic transition; To Young Readers letters and short poems are excluded.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
1919后《两个家庭》《超人》《笑》等早期问题小说与抒情散文，以相近文体转型合族；不含《寄小读者》通讯和小诗。
Evidence gapsReliable editions are needed to check the fiction/prose boundary work by work and avoid duplicate works across genres.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
需用可靠版本逐篇核对小说和散文边界，避免作品跨体裁重复。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.55Bing XinOriginal Chinese · 冰心Person
- 0.17May Fourth Problem Fiction and Lyrical Prose: Prior Work (role listed in the attribution budget)Original Chinese · MAY FOURTH PROBLEM FICTION AND LYRICAL PROSE PREHISTORY（预算列明角色）Predecessor pool
- 0.09Contemporary Magazine Editors Typesetters and Publishers (role listed in the attribution budget)Original Chinese · CONTEMPORARY MAGAZINE EDITORS TYPESETTERS AND PUBLISHERS（预算列明角色）Team
- 0.07Morning Post and Early Publishing Institutions (role listed in the attribution budget)Original Chinese · MORNING POST AND EARLY PUBLISHING INSTITUTIONS（预算列明角色）Institution
- 0.12Unresolved Bing Xin Early Fiction Prose Attribution (role listed in the attribution budget)Original Chinese · UNRESOLVED BINGXIN EARLY FICTION PROSE ATTRIBUTION（预算列明角色）Unallocated
Source links
- Source: www.cuhk.edu.hk ↗Original Chinese label · 来源：www.cuhk.edu.hk
04Chinese translation service for foreign literature including Tagore泰戈尔等外国文学的中文翻译服务OUT-SL0972-1950-1990-TAGORE-FOREIGN-LITERATURE-TRANSLATIONS
Record year1950
summaryIt delivered multiple works of foreign literature to Chinese readers in Bing Xin’s Chinese style. Documented Chinese translations including Tagore’s Gitanjali and The Gardener and other foreign literature are grouped as translation service; only the residual of language transfer and selection is counted, and the artistic content of the originals is not claimed.
Original Chinese · summary
以冰心的中文文体把多部外国文学交付给中文读者。 有据泰戈尔《吉檀迦利》《园丁集》等及其他外国文学中文翻译，按翻译服务合族；仅计语言转移与编选残余，不领原作艺术内容。
M rationaleBiographical and research materials confirm translation activity and specific Tagore translations; M5.1 is assigned for cross-language tool/service, while original-work value is excluded through the high source-author share.
Original Chinese · M rationale
作者履历及研究材料确认翻译活动与具体泰戈尔译作，按跨语言工具/服务取M5.1；原作价值由高源作者份额排除。
attribution rationaleBing Xin 0.27, source authors 0.39, co-translators 0.07, earlier translation traditions 0.09, institutions 0.08, unresolved 0.10.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
冰心0.27，源作者0.39，合译者0.07，翻译前史0.09，机构0.08，未解析0.10。
overlap boundaryDocumented Chinese translations including Tagore’s Gitanjali and The Gardener and other foreign literature are grouped as translation service; only the residual of language transfer and selection is counted, and the artistic content of the originals is not claimed.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
有据泰戈尔《吉檀迦利》《园丁集》等及其他外国文学中文翻译，按翻译服务合族；仅计语言转移与编选残余，不领原作艺术内容。
Evidence gapsA complete catalogue of translations, source texts, and co-translator credits is needed; unverified translations should not be included.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
需完整译著目录、底本与合译署名核对；未经核实的译作不应并入。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.27Bing XinOriginal Chinese · 冰心Person
- 0.39Rabindranath Tagore and Other Source Authors (role listed in the attribution budget)Original Chinese · RABINDRANATH TAGORE AND OTHER SOURCE AUTHORS（预算列明角色）Predecessor pool
- 0.07Shi Zhen and Documented Co-translators (role listed in the attribution budget)Original Chinese · SHI ZHEN AND DOCUMENTED COTRANSLATORS（预算列明角色）Team
- 0.09Chinese Literary Translation: Prior Work (role listed in the attribution budget)Original Chinese · CHINESE LITERARY TRANSLATION PREHISTORY（预算列明角色）Predecessor pool
- 0.08Translation Editors Publishers and Rights Institutions (role listed in the attribution budget)Original Chinese · TRANSLATION EDITORS PUBLISHERS AND RIGHTS INSTITUTIONS（预算列明角色）Institution
- 0.1Unresolved Bing Xin Translation Attribution (role listed in the attribution budget)Original Chinese · UNRESOLVED BINGXIN TRANSLATION ATTRIBUTION（预算列明角色）Unallocated
Source links
- Source: www.cuhk.edu.hk ↗Original Chinese label · 来源：www.cuhk.edu.hk
BOUNDARIES NOT COUNTED
Not included in this score
These subjects are recorded as exclusions and are not silently treated as zero or as part of the included outcomes.
BINGXIN-TEACHING-AND-LITERARY-ORGANIZATION-SERVICE
Reason Her biography confirms teaching, but this round has no specific course, institutional, or organizational delivery; the post does not count toward M.
Original Chinese reason
履历确认教学，但本轮没有具体课程、制度或组织交付，职位不计M。
How to read this score
Scores can change when evidence is reviewed. The method page explains how magnitude, attribution, and included results relate to the displayed score.
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