Displayed to two decimal places.
PERSON · STARLIGHT
Elwood Haynes
Recorded name: 埃尔伍德·海恩斯
Elwood Haynes was an American automobile designer and alloy inventor.
Original Chinese introduction
埃尔伍德·海恩斯是美国汽车设计者和合金发明者。
Haynes was an American early automobile designer and alloy inventor. He worked with the Apperson brothers to complete the “Pioneer” automobile and establish automobile production. He subsequently developed wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials, obtained a patent for a cobalt-based alloy in 1907, and production of Stellite cobalt-based alloys followed. His nickel-molybdenum alloy patent was an early link in the later company's research and HASTELLOY product lineage.
Original Chinese context
海恩斯是美国早期汽车设计者和合金发明者。他与阿珀森兄弟合作完成“先驱者”汽车并建立汽车生产。此后他研发耐磨耐蚀材料，1907年获得钴基合金专利，Stellite钴基合金的生产随之发展。其镍钼合金专利是后续公司研究和HASTELLOY产品谱系的早期环节。
Introduction sources
- Haynes International: company history ↗Original Chinese label · Haynes International：公司历史
- United States patent: US873746A Metal alloy ↗Original Chinese label · 美国专利：US873746A Metal alloy
- Automotive History Review：Elwood Haynes ↗
Derived from the current score.
Contribution groups assessed so far; coverage is still being expanded.
ASSESSMENT SCOPEWhat this score covers
All included contribution titles and notes are available in English. The complete original text remains available in Chinese; both editions use the same scores and source links.
Uncovered contributions and unresolved harms are not treated as zero. This is not a complete assessment of a lifetime.
3 included contributions have incomplete evidence; the relevant gap appears with that contribution.
Original scope note
This research record currently includes 3 outcomes within a limited scope; M and attribution shares are revisable judgments. Uncovered content and negative effects not yet clarified are not treated as zero; specific gaps appear in the item-by-item explanations.
Original Chinese scope
本轮当前已列3项有限研究账；M与归功份额为可修订判断。未覆盖内容和未核清的负面作用不按零处理，具体缺口见逐项说明。
CALCULATIONHow the score is calculated
Q = 10^(M/2) − 1; Lᵢ = aᵢ × Qᵢ; L = Σ Lᵢ; S = 2 × log₁₀(1 + L).
M is an outcome’s assessed magnitude and a is the person’s allocated share. A standalone score is only a per-item reference; the attributed light from distinct contributions is what can be combined.
SCORE DETAILS
3 evaluated contributions
M is the assessed magnitude of an outcome; attribution is the person’s share of credit. Attributed light can be added. The standalone score is only a per-item reference and must not be added across rows.
Scroll sideways for scores and attribution.
| Outcome | M | Attribution share | Attributed light | Standalone score | Share of total | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01Cobalt-chromium wear-resistant alloy and Stellite manufacturing system钴铬耐磨合金与Stellite制造体系OUT-SL2630-1906-1920-COBALT-CHROMIUM-ALLOY-AND-STELLITE-PRODUCTION · 1906–1920 | 5.7 | 35% | 247.431025 | 4.79 | 56.3454% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
| 02Nickel-molybdenum corrosion-resistant alloy composition range and early industrial input镍钼耐蚀合金成分范围与早期产业输入OUT-SL2630-1921-NICKEL-MOLYBDENUM-CORROSION-RESISTANT-ALLOY-RANGE · 1921 | 5.2 | 26% | 103.247864 | 4.04 | 23.5118% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
| 03Pioneer prototype automobile and early Haynes–Apperson automobile productionPioneer原型车与Haynes–Apperson早期汽车生产OUT-SL2630-1893-1905-PIONEER-AND-HAYNES-APPERSON-AUTOMOBILE · 1893–1894 | 5.1 | 25% | 88.453347 | 3.90 | 20.1428% | Provisional estimate · incomplete evidence |
On small screens, scroll this table horizontally to reach every numeric column.
NOTES AND SOURCES
Contribution notes and source links
English translations of the included notes appear below, with their Chinese originals available for comparison.
01Cobalt-chromium wear-resistant alloy and Stellite manufacturing system钴铬耐磨合金与Stellite制造体系OUT-SL2630-1906-1920-COBALT-CHROMIUM-ALLOY-AND-STELLITE-PRODUCTION
Record year1906–1920
summaryIt produced a cobalt-chromium alloy combination with high hardness, durable luster, and tool uses, and established a manufacturable supply system.
Original Chinese · summary
形成高硬度、耐久光泽与工具用途的钴铬合金组合，并建立可制造供应体系。
M rationaleA 1907 patent and company history support alloy properties, manufacture in 1912, and incorporation in 1915. It is rated M5.7 for materials formulation and industrial delivery, not accumulated across application industries.
Original Chinese · M rationale
1907专利和公司史支持合金性质、1912制造及1915公司化。按材料配方与产业交付取M5.7，不按应用行业累计。
attribution rationaleHaynes .35; metallurgical manufacturing team .23; Ruddell/Patten organization .09; prior work .16; institutions .07; unresolved .10.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
Haynes .35；冶金制造团队 .23；Ruddell/Patten组织 .09；前史 .16；机构 .07；未解析 .10。
overlap boundaryCobalt-chromium wear-resistant/hard-alloy patents from 1906–1920, Stellite manufacturing from 1912, and early improvements; do not replicate M across patents, tool uses, or subsequent company products.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
1906–1920钴铬系耐磨/硬质合金专利、1912起Stellite制造与早期改进；不按专利、工具用途或后继公司产品复制M。
Evidence gapsMetallurgical teams, workers, and specific process improvements have not been itemized. Net consequences for wartime supply, occupational health, and resource chains lack contract and factory records.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
冶金团队、工人和具体工艺改进未逐项解析。；一战供应、职业健康和资源链净后果缺合同/工厂资料。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.35Elwood HaynesOriginal Chinese · 埃尔伍德·海恩斯Person
- 0.23Haynes Stellite metallurgical casting and quality-control teamOriginal Chinese · 海恩斯 Stellite冶金铸造与质控团队Team
- 0.09Richard Ruddell and James C. PattenOriginal Chinese · 理查德·拉德尔与詹姆斯·C.帕滕Team
- 0.16Cobalt-chromium tool-steel and alloy precursorsOriginal Chinese · 钴铬工具钢与合金前驱Predecessor pool
- 0.07Haynes Stellite factory and companyOriginal Chinese · 海恩斯 Stellite工厂与公司Institution
- 0.1Unallocated Haynes Stellite contributionsOriginal Chinese · 未分配的海恩斯 Stellite贡献Unallocated
Source links
- Patent and institutional materials: patents.google.com ↗Original Chinese label · 专利与机构资料：patents.google.com
- Patent and institutional materials: haynesintl.com ↗Original Chinese label · 专利与机构资料：haynesintl.com
- Patent and institutional materials: autohistory.org ↗Original Chinese label · 专利与机构资料：autohistory.org
02Nickel-molybdenum corrosion-resistant alloy composition range and early industrial input镍钼耐蚀合金成分范围与早期产业输入OUT-SL2630-1921-NICKEL-MOLYBDENUM-CORROSION-RESISTANT-ALLOY-RANGE
Record year1921
Original Chinese · record year
1921
summaryIt defined a nickel-molybdenum composition space usable for subsequent corrosion-resistant alloy development and became an actual product input in the company's research-and-development chain.
Original Chinese · summary
给出可用于后续耐蚀合金开发的镍钼成分空间，并在公司研发链中形成实际产品输入。
M rationaleThe company timeline clearly identifies the 1921 patent and subsequent A/B development, but does not establish that Haynes personally completed all subsequent formulations. It is rated M5.2 for bounded composition design and industrial input, below a complete subsequent product platform.
Original Chinese · M rationale
公司时间线明确1921专利和后续A/B发展，但未证明所有后继配方由Haynes本人完成。按有界成分设计和产业输入取M5.2，低于完整后继产品平台。
attribution rationaleHaynes .26; company R&D and production .29; prior work .20; institutions .10; unresolved .15.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
Haynes .26；公司研发生产 .29；前史 .20；机构 .10；未解析 .15。
overlap boundaryThe 1921 patent for nickel-molybdenum alloy composition ranges and its role as an early input to corrosion-resistant alloy product development; credit only the composition range evidenced during Haynes's lifetime and his initial industrial connection, and do not attribute the HASTELLOY brand after 1922, the 1929 factory, or modern products in their entirety to him.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
1921镍钼合金成分范围专利及其作为早期耐蚀合金产品开发输入；只计Haynes在世/有证的成分范围和初始产业连接，不把1922后HASTELLOY品牌、1929工厂或现代产品全归个人。
Evidence gapsThe 1921 patent number, inventor, and claims were not directly located in this round. Haynes's actual degree of participation in product R&D after the 1920 acquisition is unclear.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
1921专利号、发明人和claims未在本轮直接定位。；Haynes本人对1920收购后产品研发的实际参与度不清。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.26Elwood HaynesOriginal Chinese · 埃尔伍德·海恩斯Person
- 0.29Haynes company nickel-molybdenum R&D and production teamOriginal Chinese · 海恩斯公司镍钼研发与生产团队Team
- 0.2Nickel-molybdenum corrosion-resistant metallurgical precursorsOriginal Chinese · 镍钼耐蚀冶金前驱Predecessor pool
- 0.1Haynes Stellite and Union Carbide institutional entitiesOriginal Chinese · 海恩斯 Stellite与联合碳化物公司机构Institution
- 0.15Unallocated Haynes nickel-molybdenum alloy contributionsOriginal Chinese · 未分配的海恩斯镍钼合金贡献Unallocated
Source links
- Patent and institutional materials: haynesintl.com ↗Original Chinese label · 专利与机构资料：haynesintl.com
- Patent and institutional materials: haynesintl.com ↗Original Chinese label · 专利与机构资料：haynesintl.com
03Pioneer prototype automobile and early Haynes–Apperson automobile productionPioneer原型车与Haynes–Apperson早期汽车生产OUT-SL2630-1893-1905-PIONEER-AND-HAYNES-APPERSON-AUTOMOBILE
Record year1893–1894
summaryHe delivered a personal vehicle scheme to the Apperson brothers for actual manufacture and testing, which developed into early commercial automobile production.
Original Chinese · summary
把个人车辆方案交给Apperson兄弟实际制造、试车并发展为早期商业汽车生产。
M rationaleCompany history and Automotive History Review both support the delivery of drawings, Apperson manufacture, the 1894 test drive, and the joint company, while making clear that the “first car” claim is disputed. It is rated M5.1 for actual team delivery and limited industrialization.
Original Chinese · M rationale
公司史与Automotive History Review均支持图纸交付、Apperson制造、1894试车和合作公司，并明确“首车”有争议。按实际团队交付与有限产业化取M5.1。
attribution rationaleHaynes .25; Elmer .17; Edgar .17; manufacturing team .12; prior work .15; company .05; unresolved .09.
Original Chinese · attribution rationale
Haynes .25；Elmer .17；Edgar .17；制造团队 .12；前史 .15；公司 .05；未解析 .09。
overlap boundary1893 drawings/engineering data, the 1894 Pioneer test drive, and early Haynes–Apperson production service; do not claim the first automobile in the United States or replicate M across models, output, or company survival.
Original Chinese · overlap boundary
1893图纸/工程数据、1894 Pioneer试车及Haynes–Apperson早期生产服务；不声称美国第一辆汽车，不按车型、产量或公司存续复制M。
Evidence gapsThe actual authors of individual component designs and subsequent models have not been resolved. Contemporary materials are lacking for safety, emissions, and production labor conditions.
Original Chinese · evidence gaps
各零部件设计和后续车型的实际作者未闭合。；安全、排放和生产劳动条件缺同期资料。
Full attribution budget
Every recorded actor remains visible. Share (0–1) retains the ledger’s exact decimal value.
- 0.25Elwood HaynesOriginal Chinese · 埃尔伍德·海恩斯Person
- 0.17Elmer AppersonOriginal Chinese · 埃尔默·阿珀森Person
- 0.17Edgar AppersonOriginal Chinese · 埃德加·阿珀森Person
- 0.12Riverside Machine Works and automobile production teamOriginal Chinese · 里弗赛德机械厂与汽车生产团队Team
- 0.15Internal-combustion vehicle and carriage-manufacturing precursorsOriginal Chinese · 内燃机车辆与马车制造前驱Predecessor pool
- 0.05Haynes–Apperson CompanyOriginal Chinese · 海恩斯—阿珀森公司Institution
- 0.09Unallocated Haynes automobile contributionsOriginal Chinese · 未分配的海恩斯汽车贡献Unallocated
Source links
- Patent and institutional materials: haynesintl.com ↗Original Chinese label · 专利与机构资料：haynesintl.com
- Patent and institutional materials: autohistory.org ↗Original Chinese label · 专利与机构资料：autohistory.org
- Patent and institutional materials: haynesintl.com ↗Original Chinese label · 专利与机构资料：haynesintl.com
BOUNDARIES NOT COUNTED
Not included in this score
These subjects are recorded as exclusions and are not silently treated as zero or as part of the included outcomes.
Stainless-steel priority and specific alloy routes
不锈钢优先权与具体合金路线
Reason Existing company history only indicates multiple contemporaneous routes and priority disputes; it does not resolve independent work by Brearley and others or specific durable formulations, so no item is established under the title “invented stainless steel.”
Original Chinese reason
现有公司史只提示同时期多路线和优先权争议，未闭合与Brearley等独立工作及具体可存续配方；不按“发明不锈钢”名号设点。
Natural-gas-industry equipment and administrative service
天然气行业设备与行政服务
Reason This package contains only biographical clues, with no concrete independent delivery or attribution chain.
Original Chinese reason
本包仅有履历线索，无具体独立交付与归功链。
How to read this score
Scores can change when evidence is reviewed. The method page explains how magnitude, attribution, and included results relate to the displayed score.
Read the method in English →